{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2898667326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-018-0156-3","title":"Facial expression recognition using optimized active regions","display_name":"Facial expression recognition using optimized active regions","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2898667326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-018-0156-3","mag":"2898667326"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13673-018-0156-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-018-0156-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-018-0156-3","pdf_url":"https://hcis-journal.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13673-018-0156-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2497168432","display_name":"Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences","issn_l":"2192-1962","issn":["2192-1962"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","kci-registered","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://hcis-journal.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13673-018-0156-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100618735","display_name":"Ai Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8902-3943","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8902-3943"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ai Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009278704","display_name":"Yingjian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0653-4535","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0653-4535"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yingjian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0653-4535","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071574103","display_name":"Yueh\u2010Min Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7052-1272","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7052-1272"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueh-Min Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358442","display_name":"Qiong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8627-4066","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8627-4066","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6564-8021"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030843117","display_name":"Guangming Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1578-2634","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1578-2634"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangming Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009278704"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":1870,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1870},"apc_paid":{"value":1870,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1870},"fwci":2.2991,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90413538,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.5806000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.5806000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.32280001044273376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.08619999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression-recognition","display_name":"facial expression recognition","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-region","display_name":"eye region","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-region","display_name":"oral region","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-networks","display_name":"convolutional neural networks","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-level-fusion","display_name":"decision fusion","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/majority-voting","display_name":"majority voting","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-equalization","display_name":"histogram equalization","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotational-correction","display_name":"rotation correction","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-normalization","display_name":"spatial normalization","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency-inference","display_name":"low-latency inference","score":0.8460000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7393546104431152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7365175485610962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7360951900482178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6822978258132935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5931280851364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136943445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970240","display_name":"Histogram equalization","level":4,"score":0.49947667121887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.495837539434433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.46491414308547974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.44380074739456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.4102550446987152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35749828815460205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1584235429763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13673-018-0156-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-018-0156-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-018-0156-3","pdf_url":"https://hcis-journal.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13673-018-0156-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2497168432","display_name":"Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences","issn_l":"2192-1962","issn":["2192-1962"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","kci-registered","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:64ee21a2fe994c7886b22ca30a1db4e3","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/64ee21a2fe994c7886b22ca30a1db4e3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Human-Centric Computing and Information Sciences, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-24 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13673-018-0156-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-018-0156-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-018-0156-3","pdf_url":"https://hcis-journal.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13673-018-0156-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2497168432","display_name":"Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences","issn_l":"2192-1962","issn":["2192-1962"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","kci-registered","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2898667326.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2898667326.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554981240","https://openalex.org/W1604550738","https://openalex.org/W1960706641","https://openalex.org/W1964762821","https://openalex.org/W1969030392","https://openalex.org/W1974210421","https://openalex.org/W1990207480","https://openalex.org/W1999348785","https://openalex.org/W2014185685","https://openalex.org/W2039866355","https://openalex.org/W2049010182","https://openalex.org/W2063310393","https://openalex.org/W2065379720","https://openalex.org/W2066332159","https://openalex.org/W2088575594","https://openalex.org/W2089468765","https://openalex.org/W2092024509","https://openalex.org/W2101965618","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2106947945","https://openalex.org/W2108113956","https://openalex.org/W2110885456","https://openalex.org/W2114954755","https://openalex.org/W2117645142","https://openalex.org/W2125127226","https://openalex.org/W2129183325","https://openalex.org/W2139916508","https://openalex.org/W2140351517","https://openalex.org/W2145310492","https://openalex.org/W2154716422","https://openalex.org/W2157285372","https://openalex.org/W2165183780","https://openalex.org/W2172279486","https://openalex.org/W2191045312","https://openalex.org/W2244142460","https://openalex.org/W2261706002","https://openalex.org/W2349191642","https://openalex.org/W2409805034","https://openalex.org/W2479639417","https://openalex.org/W2506506742","https://openalex.org/W2533517198","https://openalex.org/W2558757940","https://openalex.org/W2563037228","https://openalex.org/W2601027148","https://openalex.org/W2622332808","https://openalex.org/W2750692136","https://openalex.org/W2896277673","https://openalex.org/W2963112684","https://openalex.org/W2995034616","https://openalex.org/W3021811746","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W4231293494","https://openalex.org/W4234552385","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4214859278","https://openalex.org/W4200214499","https://openalex.org/W4412446427","https://openalex.org/W2002825112","https://openalex.org/W2884048435","https://openalex.org/W3092846697","https://openalex.org/W4315782855","https://openalex.org/W2940314039","https://openalex.org/W2390733316","https://openalex.org/W7125962014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1,80],"this":[2],"paper,":[3],"we":[4,27],"report":[5],"an":[6],"effective":[7],"facial":[8],"expression":[9,98,112],"recognition":[10,113],"system":[11],"for":[12,67,160],"classifying":[13],"six":[14],"or":[15],"seven":[16],"basic":[17],"expressions":[18],"accurately.":[19],"Instead":[20],"of":[21,31,57,70,111,119,139,157],"using":[22],"the":[23,54,97,108,120,137,140,154],"whole":[24],"face":[25],"region,":[26],"define":[28],"three":[29,55,121],"kinds":[30,56],"active":[32,51,58,72],"regions,":[33,37],"i.e.,":[34],"left":[35],"eye":[36,39],"right":[38],"regions":[40,52,73],"and":[41,77,90,129],"mouth":[42],"regions.":[43,59],"We":[44],"propose":[45],"a":[46],"method":[47,103,145],"to":[48,74,82,135,150],"search":[49],"optimized":[50,71],"from":[53],"A":[60,100],"Convolutional":[61],"Neural":[62],"Network":[63],"(CNN)":[64],"is":[65,104,114],"trained":[66],"each":[68],"kind":[69],"extract":[75],"features":[76],"classify":[78],"expressions.":[79],"order":[81],"get":[83],"representable":[84],"features,":[85],"histogram":[86],"equalization,":[87],"rotation":[88],"correction":[89],"spatial":[91],"normalization":[92],"are":[93,132],"carried":[94,133],"out":[95,134],"on":[96,125],"images.":[99],"decision-level":[101],"fusion":[102],"applied,":[105],"by":[106],"which":[107],"final":[109],"result":[110],"obtained":[115],"via":[116],"majority":[117],"voting":[118],"CNNs\u2019":[122],"results.":[123],"Experiments":[124],"both":[126],"independent":[127],"databases":[128],"fused":[130],"database":[131],"evaluate":[136],"performance":[138],"proposed":[141],"system.":[142],"Our":[143],"novel":[144],"achieves":[146],"higher":[147],"accuracy":[148],"compared":[149],"previous":[151],"literature,":[152],"with":[153],"added":[155],"benefit":[156],"low":[158],"latency":[159],"inference.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2018-11-09T00:00:00"}
