{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2897440342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.280.71","title":"Tungsten Oxide (WO3) Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Spin-Coating Technique","display_name":"Tungsten Oxide (WO3) Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Spin-Coating Technique","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2897440342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.280.71","mag":"2897440342"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.280.71","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.280.71","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.280.71","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187696258","display_name":"Diffusion and defect data, solid state data. Part B, Solid state phenomena/Solid state phenomena","issn_l":"1012-0394","issn":["1012-0394","1662-9779","1662-9787"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322614515","host_organization_name":"Scientific.net","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614515"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific.net"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Solid State Phenomena","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016927792","display_name":"Benedict Wen-Cheun Au","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1730-5746","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1730-5746"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Wen Cheun Au","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060691694","display_name":"Kah\u2010Yoong Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1076-5034","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1076-5034"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kah Yoong Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101745815","display_name":"Wai Leong Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8407-5648","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8407-5648"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wai Leong Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036002159","display_name":"Chu-Liang Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5226-6837","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5226-6837"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chu Liang Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003558542","display_name":"Abd Hamid Mustafa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abd Hamid Mustafa","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT&NT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT&NT","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060691694"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6174,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58087949,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"280","issue":null,"first_page":"71","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11128","display_name":"Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11128","display_name":"Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13889","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10090","display_name":"ZnO doping and properties","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tungsten-oxide","display_name":"tungsten oxide","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wo3-thin-films","display_name":"WO3 thin films","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sol-gel-spin-coating","display_name":"sol-gel spin coating","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochromic-devices","display_name":"electrochromic devices","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-transmittance","display_name":"optical transmittance","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/film-thickness","display_name":"film thickness","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indium-tin-oxide-substrate","display_name":"indium tin oxide substrate","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-windows","display_name":"smart windows","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-sensors","display_name":"gas sensors","score":0.7839999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8706537485122681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101643646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899105","display_name":"Electrochromism","level":3,"score":0.7724381685256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150493377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427863","display_name":"Transmittance","level":2,"score":0.7265893220901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32737372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417718","display_name":"Indium tin oxide","level":3,"score":0.5769675374031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115196108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1305254","display_name":"Spin coating","level":3,"score":0.5605468153953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542268612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743","display_name":"Tungsten","level":2,"score":0.5527783036231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19067145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203","display_name":"Thin film","level":2,"score":0.5465192794799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38398224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48350","display_name":"Sol-gel","level":2,"score":0.5462959408760071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50690","display_name":"Oxide","level":2,"score":0.5066869854927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104663316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76299","display_name":"Visible spectrum","level":2,"score":0.5024363994598389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570182","display_name":"Coating","level":2,"score":0.4876610040664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.4749976396560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780164141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18206760","display_name":"Electrochromic devices","level":4,"score":0.4490193724632263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22423302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898444","display_name":"Sputtering","level":3,"score":0.44809582829475403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61427134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847609","display_name":"Sputter deposition","level":4,"score":0.43636494874954224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3776634931564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.325136661529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.2762342095375061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.116810142993927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.10821148753166199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.05364024639129639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.280.71","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.280.71","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.280.71","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187696258","display_name":"Diffusion and defect data, solid state data. Part B, Solid state phenomena/Solid state phenomena","issn_l":"1012-0394","issn":["1012-0394","1662-9779","1662-9787"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322614515","host_organization_name":"Scientific.net","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614515"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific.net"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Solid State Phenomena","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:shdl.mmu.edu.my:7552","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.280.71","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196753","display_name":"Siti Hasmah Digital Library-MMU Institutiona Repository (Multimedia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","host_organization_name":"Multimedia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326578","display_name":"Telekom Malaysia Berhad","ror":"https://ror.org/00s3fdw25"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554713466","https://openalex.org/W1966322323","https://openalex.org/W1969549344","https://openalex.org/W1982329048","https://openalex.org/W2002589958","https://openalex.org/W2032414716","https://openalex.org/W2035662906","https://openalex.org/W2043606910","https://openalex.org/W2045626500","https://openalex.org/W2045779126","https://openalex.org/W2046810740","https://openalex.org/W2060314339","https://openalex.org/W2065666765","https://openalex.org/W2067126070","https://openalex.org/W2079181464","https://openalex.org/W2093102599","https://openalex.org/W2093460771","https://openalex.org/W2148201783","https://openalex.org/W2150304659","https://openalex.org/W2206428038","https://openalex.org/W2546748147","https://openalex.org/W2556578177","https://openalex.org/W2699772198","https://openalex.org/W2754636231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2949682748","https://openalex.org/W2891166478","https://openalex.org/W2062503499","https://openalex.org/W2045915293","https://openalex.org/W4409313734","https://openalex.org/W2364631482","https://openalex.org/W2011990235","https://openalex.org/W3087298413","https://openalex.org/W2005963835","https://openalex.org/W2346877232"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tungsten":[0],"oxide":[1,7,54],"(WO3)":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,9,132],"transition":[5],"metal":[6],"with":[8,115],"wide":[10],"range":[11,113],"of":[12,33,71,102,107,143],"applications":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15],"displays,":[16],"rear-view":[17],"mirrors,":[18],"electrochromic":[19],"(EC)":[20],"smart":[21],"windows":[22],"and":[23,40,77,85],"gas":[24],"sensors.":[25],"Many":[26],"techniques":[27],"were":[28,49,80,122],"adopted":[29],"for":[30],"the":[31,108,137,146],"fabrication":[32],"WO3,":[34],"namely":[35],"magnetron":[36],"sputtering,":[37],"spray":[38],"pyrolysis":[39],"sol-gel":[41,59],"synthesis":[42],"techniques.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"work,":[46],"WO3":[47,74,90,109,144],"films":[48,110],"deposited":[50,103,130],"on":[51],"indium":[52],"tin":[53],"(ITO)":[55],"coated":[56],"glasses":[57],"by":[58,67],"spin-coating":[60],"method.":[61],"The":[62,73,119],"film":[63,75,91,117],"thickness":[64,76],"was":[65],"varied":[66],"depositing":[68],"different":[69],"number":[70,101],"layers.":[72],"optical":[78,105,120],"transmittance":[79,106,121],"determined":[81],"using":[82],"step":[83],"profilometer":[84],"ultraviolet-visible":[86],"(UV-Vis)":[87],"spectrophotometer,":[88],"respectively.":[89],"thicknesses":[92],"increased":[93],"from":[94],"38":[95],"nm":[96],"to":[97,128],"606":[98],"nmwith":[99],"increasing":[100,116],"layers.The":[104],"in":[111,136,145],"visible":[112],"decreased":[114],"thickness.":[118],"at":[123],"least":[124],"70":[125],"%":[126],"up":[127],"10":[129],"layers.WO3is":[131],"promising":[133],"EC":[134,147],"material":[135],"application":[138,142],"ofEC":[139],"devices":[140,148],"(ECDs).The":[141],"will":[149],"be":[150],"discussed.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2018-10-26T00:00:00"}
