{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2897249786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2018.00013","title":"Hard Example Mining with Auxiliary Embeddings","display_name":"Hard Example Mining with Auxiliary Embeddings","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2897249786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2018.00013","mag":"2897249786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2018.00013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2018.00013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2018.00013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607748","display_name":"IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035017930","display_name":"Evgeny Smirnov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0112-7930","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0112-7930"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evgeny Smirnov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Speech Technology Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speech Technology Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059946730","display_name":"Elizaveta Ivanova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173089394","display_name":"ITMO University","ror":"https://ror.org/04txgxn49","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizaveta Ivanova","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITMO University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITMO University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005033496","display_name":"Aleksandr Melnikov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173089394","display_name":"ITMO University","ror":"https://ror.org/04txgxn49","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksandr Melnikov","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITMO University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITMO University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012974686","display_name":"Ilya Kalinovskiy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5450-8091","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5450-8091"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilya Kalinovskiy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Speech Technology Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speech Technology Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030972711","display_name":"Andrei Oleinik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-2572","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-2572"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrei Oleinik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Speech Technology Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speech Technology Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078890972","display_name":"Eugene Luckyanets","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173089394","display_name":"ITMO University","ror":"https://ror.org/04txgxn49","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugene Luckyanets","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITMO University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITMO University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7579,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91753741,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"37","last_page":"3709"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.7910000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.7910000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.1339000016450882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.028300000354647636,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hard-example-mining","display_name":"hard example mining","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triplet-mining","display_name":"triplet mining","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mini-batch-sampling","display_name":"mini-batch sampling","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosine-similarity","display_name":"cosine similarity","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-verification","display_name":"face verification","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation-learning","display_name":"representation learning","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-scale-deep-learning","display_name":"large-scale deep learning","score":0.41499999165534973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7141727209091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6979596614837646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6759966611862183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6677926182746887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.655386209487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784941","display_name":"Cosine similarity","level":3,"score":0.595154345035553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4177585244178772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38101711869239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3484329581260681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2170221507549286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2018.00013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2018.00013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2018.00013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607748","display_name":"IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509966554","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1834627138","https://openalex.org/W2038952578","https://openalex.org/W2041075748","https://openalex.org/W2046433890","https://openalex.org/W2064333001","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2140355387","https://openalex.org/W2144172034","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2155759509","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2157364932","https://openalex.org/W2158534583","https://openalex.org/W2164579302","https://openalex.org/W2174940656","https://openalex.org/W2176040302","https://openalex.org/W2184389867","https://openalex.org/W2270409809","https://openalex.org/W2311038409","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2336258321","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2399832824","https://openalex.org/W2515770085","https://openalex.org/W2518108298","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2545116612","https://openalex.org/W2547446130","https://openalex.org/W2549858646","https://openalex.org/W2555897561","https://openalex.org/W2594061220","https://openalex.org/W2594088761","https://openalex.org/W2594407953","https://openalex.org/W2600537992","https://openalex.org/W2605102252","https://openalex.org/W2606377603","https://openalex.org/W2606611007","https://openalex.org/W2606833507","https://openalex.org/W2609575245","https://openalex.org/W2610739092","https://openalex.org/W2613997951","https://openalex.org/W2735617852","https://openalex.org/W2737398044","https://openalex.org/W2740851334","https://openalex.org/W2747024632","https://openalex.org/W2750672897","https://openalex.org/W2751819164","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2753293709","https://openalex.org/W2762262611","https://openalex.org/W2766557427","https://openalex.org/W2766712264","https://openalex.org/W2768202427","https://openalex.org/W2770419535","https://openalex.org/W2775085707","https://openalex.org/W2780186312","https://openalex.org/W2784874046","https://openalex.org/W2789546350","https://openalex.org/W2793578506","https://openalex.org/W2793977823","https://openalex.org/W2891524773","https://openalex.org/W2899771611","https://openalex.org/W2936995161","https://openalex.org/W2949662773","https://openalex.org/W2950855501","https://openalex.org/W2962887033","https://openalex.org/W2962898354","https://openalex.org/W2962952900","https://openalex.org/W2963166243","https://openalex.org/W2963177757","https://openalex.org/W2963227127","https://openalex.org/W2963350250","https://openalex.org/W2963355595","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963430102","https://openalex.org/W2963466847","https://openalex.org/W2963712289","https://openalex.org/W2963925503","https://openalex.org/W2963988212","https://openalex.org/W2964305564","https://openalex.org/W4293478066","https://openalex.org/W6761030284","https://openalex.org/W6842019321"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2549858646","https://openalex.org/W2979329071","https://openalex.org/W2948638722","https://openalex.org/W3209482755","https://openalex.org/W2921862922","https://openalex.org/W3035014997","https://openalex.org/W3024272706","https://openalex.org/W3112876270","https://openalex.org/W2795246076","https://openalex.org/W3195393327"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hard":[0],"example":[1,47,127,212],"mining":[2,52,213],"is":[3,26,87,154],"an":[4],"important":[5],"part":[6],"of":[7,62,70,81,84,150,187,221],"the":[8,17,22,37,45,76,82,93,143,148,161,168,185,200,205,218],"deep":[9],"embedding":[10],"learning.":[11],"Most":[12],"methods":[13],"perform":[14],"it":[15,89,153],"at":[16,92],"mini-batch":[18,39,78,162],"level.":[19],"However,":[20],"in":[21,36,109,133,142,194,204],"large-scale":[23],"settings":[24],"there":[25,97],"only":[27,91],"a":[28,101,110],"small":[29],"chance":[30,59],"that":[31,68,88,136,210],"proper":[32],"examples":[33,69,106,138,159,193],"will":[34,41],"appear":[35],"same":[38,77],"and":[40,180,191],"be":[42,100],"coupled":[43],"into":[44,75],"hard":[46,126,189,211],"pairs":[48],"or":[49],"triplets.":[50],"Doppelganger":[51],"was":[53],"previously":[54],"proposed":[55],"to":[56,103,121,156,176,183],"increase":[57,184],"this":[58,85,117],"by":[60],"means":[61],"class-wise":[63],"similarity.":[64],"This":[65],"method":[66,86],"ensures":[67],"similar":[71,137],"classes":[72],"are":[73,131],"sampled":[74],"together.":[79],"One":[80],"drawbacks":[83],"operates":[90],"class":[94,108],"level,":[95],"while":[96],"also":[98],"might":[99],"way":[102,113,135],"select":[104,157],"appropriate":[105],"within":[107],"more":[111],"elaborated":[112],"than":[114],"randomly.":[115],"In":[116],"paper,":[118],"we":[119],"propose":[120,173],"use":[122,181],"auxiliary":[123,178,215],"embeddings":[124,130,141,152,179,216],"for":[125,160],"mining.":[128],"These":[129],"constructed":[132],"such":[134],"have":[139],"close":[140],"cosine":[144],"similarity":[145,166],"sense.":[146],"With":[147],"help":[149],"these":[151],"possible":[155],"new":[158],"based":[163],"on":[164,199],"their":[165],"with":[167,214],"already":[169],"selected":[170],"examples.":[171],"We":[172],"several":[174],"ways":[175],"create":[177],"them":[182],"number":[186],"potentially":[188],"positive":[190],"negative":[192],"each":[195],"mini-batch.":[196],"Our":[197],"experiments":[198],"challenging":[201],"Disguised":[202],"Faces":[203],"Wild":[206],"(DFW)":[207],"dataset":[208],"show":[209],"improves":[217],"discriminative":[219],"power":[220],"learned":[222],"representations.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2018-10-26T00:00:00"}