{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2897158014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joclec/nhy011","title":"COMPETITION LAW AROUND THE WORLD FROM 1889 TO 2010: THE COMPETITION LAW INDEX","display_name":"COMPETITION LAW AROUND THE WORLD FROM 1889 TO 2010: THE COMPETITION LAW INDEX","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2897158014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joclec/nhy011","mag":"2897158014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/joclec/nhy011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joclec/nhy011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joclec/nhy011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186350","display_name":"Journal of Competition Law & Economics","issn_l":"1744-6414","issn":["1744-6414","1744-6422"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Competition Law & Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3339623","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079847310","display_name":"Anu Bradford","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anu Bradford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor of Law and International Organization, Columbia Law School"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Law and International Organization, Columbia Law School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002125775","display_name":"Adam S Chilton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-6550","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-6550"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adam S Chilton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia Law School Columbia Law School","Columbia Law School,","University of Chicago Law School,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia Law School Columbia Law School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia Law School,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago Law School,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002125775"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166","https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":{"value":3756,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4245},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.6144,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97018423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"393","last_page":"432"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.9419000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.9419000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13138","display_name":"Legal and Constitutional Studies","score":0.044599998742341995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14362","display_name":"Diverse Legal and Medical Studies","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition-law","display_name":"competition law","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-stringency","display_name":"regulatory stringency","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-competition-law","display_name":"history of competition law","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-regulation","display_name":"market regulation","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index-construction","display_name":"index construction","score":0.453000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776736423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326498","display_name":"Competition law","level":3,"score":0.8526897430419922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.724848747253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.6361994743347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5079815983772278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.49892282485961914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4671584665775299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2353532314300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.16307222843170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10459861159324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781127519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43637","display_name":"Monopoly","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/joclec/nhy011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joclec/nhy011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joclec/nhy011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186350","display_name":"Journal of Competition Law & Economics","issn_l":"1744-6414","issn":["1744-6414","1744-6422"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Competition Law & Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3339623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3339623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3339623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.columbia.edu:faculty_scholarship-3519","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/2515","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401049","display_name":"eYLS (Yale Law School)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","host_organization_name":"Yale University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Scholarship","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:oup:jcomle:v:14:y:2018:i:3:p:393-432.","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/joclec/nhy011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3339623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3339623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3339623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7297000288963318}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2940987966","https://openalex.org/W613270805","https://openalex.org/W562712050","https://openalex.org/W3121277773","https://openalex.org/W4415417232","https://openalex.org/W2109884009","https://openalex.org/W7219956063","https://openalex.org/W315383162","https://openalex.org/W216118649","https://openalex.org/W1645265300"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Competition":[0,64],"laws":[1,25,37,59],"have":[2,26],"become":[3],"a":[4,39,62],"mainstay":[5],"of":[6,23,32,35,42,57,73,91,110],"regulation":[7,75,93],"in":[8,88],"market":[9],"economies.":[10],"At":[11],"the":[12,19,30,55,71,83,89,129],"same":[13],"time,":[14],"past":[15],"efforts":[16],"to":[17,60,78,85,105,126],"study":[18],"drivers":[20],"or":[21,44],"effects":[22],"competition":[24,58,74,92,111,140],"been":[27],"hampered":[28],"by":[29],"lack":[31],"systematic":[33],"measures":[34,70],"these":[36],"across":[38,97],"wide":[40],"range":[41],"years":[43],"countries.":[45,99],"In":[46,121],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"we":[49,124],"draw":[50],"on":[51,54,136],"new":[52,133],"data":[53,104],"evolution":[56],"create":[61,106],"novel":[63],"Law":[65],"Index":[66],"(the":[67],"\u201cCLI\u201d)":[68],"that":[69,113],"stringency":[72],"from":[76],"1889":[77],"2010.":[79],"We":[80,100],"then":[81],"employ":[82],"CLI":[84,130],"examine":[86],"trends":[87],"intensity":[90],"over":[94],"time":[95],"and":[96,138],"key":[98],"also":[101],"use":[102],"our":[103],"several":[107],"alternative":[108],"indexes":[109],"law":[112],"may":[114],"be":[115],"appropriate":[116],"for":[117],"specific":[118],"research":[119,135],"applications.":[120],"doing":[122],"so,":[123],"hope":[125],"demonstrate":[127],"how":[128],"can":[131],"facilitate":[132],"empirical":[134],"comparative":[137],"international":[139],"law.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2018-10-26T00:00:00"}