{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2896426790","doi":null,"title":"Heterogeneity in Alternative Media Spheres: Oppositional Media and the Framing of Sectarianism in the Syrian Conflict","display_name":"Heterogeneity in Alternative Media Spheres: Oppositional Media and the Framing of Sectarianism in the Syrian Conflict","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2896426790","mag":"2896426790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ijoc.org:article/8472","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/8472","pdf_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/8472/2481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191319304","display_name":"International journal of communication","issn_l":"1932-8036","issn":["1932-8036"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323293532","host_organization_name":"USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323293532"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1932-8036","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/8472/2481","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074400369","display_name":"Yazan Badran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0480-464X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0480-464X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yazan Badran","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEMESO & imec-SMIT, Department of Communication Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEMESO & imec-SMIT, Department of Communication Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542","https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088187423","display_name":"Kevin Smets","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4932-9064","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4932-9064"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Smets","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEMESO, Department of Communication Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4932-9064","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEMESO, Department of Communication Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.5859,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98747431,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"19","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"News Media Framing and Political Communication","score":0.5479000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"News Media Framing and Political Communication","score":0.5479000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13103","display_name":"Middle East Politics and Society","score":0.3278999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13634","display_name":"Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts","score":0.0885000005364418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-media","display_name":"alternative media","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sectarianism","display_name":"sectarianism","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syrian-civil-war","display_name":"Syrian civil war","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-framing","display_name":"media framing","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2011-arab-uprisings","display_name":"2011 Arab uprisings","score":0.8379999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776518542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2352121","display_name":"Sectarianism","level":3,"score":0.9269407987594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90734943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008777","display_name":"Conceptualization","level":2,"score":0.8153982162475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169087156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2131593","display_name":"Framing (construction)","level":2,"score":0.8003203868865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5279492735862732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.5150606632232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020105747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11118951","display_name":"Media coverage","level":2,"score":0.4996504783630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536601067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192855","display_name":"Alternative media","level":2,"score":0.4787168502807617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3651065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7204","display_name":"Middle East","level":2,"score":0.41573184728622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.36539342999458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.35234999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.32409125566482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15709656476974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13376158475875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.09254521131515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ijoc.org:article/8472","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/8472","pdf_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/8472/2481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191319304","display_name":"International journal of communication","issn_l":"1932-8036","issn":["1932-8036"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323293532","host_organization_name":"USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323293532"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1932-8036","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3311d0399c4d432fb0bf1ed7cea1dbe7","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3311d0399c4d432fb0bf1ed7cea1dbe7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Communication, Vol 12 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c7c9d56c882548be900b29cbe0571ee1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c7c9d56c882548be900b29cbe0571ee1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Communication, Vol 12 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dbf4c0ce5f54454cb42a48ece65a138c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dbf4c0ce5f54454cb42a48ece65a138c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Communication, Vol 12 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:1943","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/8472/2481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2896426790","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.vub.be/ws/files/39623631/8472_34107_1_PB.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191319304","display_name":"International journal of communication","issn_l":"1932-8036","issn":["1932-8036"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323293532","host_organization_name":"USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323293532"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International journal of communication","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ijoc.org:article/8472","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/8472","pdf_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/8472/2481","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191319304","display_name":"International journal of communication","issn_l":"1932-8036","issn":["1932-8036"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323293532","host_organization_name":"USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323293532"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1932-8036","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6601999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2896426790.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2896426790.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543957998","https://openalex.org/W1978452800","https://openalex.org/W1992902256","https://openalex.org/W2013819822","https://openalex.org/W2048995514","https://openalex.org/W2128689136","https://openalex.org/W2129084544","https://openalex.org/W2129945070","https://openalex.org/W2149452318","https://openalex.org/W2164096371","https://openalex.org/W2291587865","https://openalex.org/W2325800357"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412862680","https://openalex.org/W2768779351","https://openalex.org/W7116218692","https://openalex.org/W7134302288","https://openalex.org/W3037620370","https://openalex.org/W7150954572","https://openalex.org/W6983353226","https://openalex.org/W2765325947","https://openalex.org/W3134911753","https://openalex.org/W6885116047"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,61,84],"2011":[1,82],"uprisings":[2],"in":[3,14,23,29,71,78,126],"the":[4,10,15,24,27,30,50,69,72,81,92,96,120],"Middle":[5],"East":[6],"have":[7,18,57],"deeply":[8],"shaken":[9],"traditional":[11],"media":[12,28,34,74,110],"landscape":[13],"region.":[16],"They":[17],"also":[19],"reinvigorated":[20],"scholarly":[21],"interest":[22],"role":[25,97],"of":[26,54,63,91,98,108,123],"region\u2019s":[31],"conflicts.":[32],"Alternative":[33],"has":[35],"emerged":[36],"as":[37],"an":[38,89],"important":[39],"avenue":[40],"for":[41],"investigation\u2014in":[42],"particular":[43],"with":[44],"resistance":[45],"and":[46,52,95],"counterhegemonic":[47],"narratives.":[48],"However,":[49],"complexity":[51],"heterogeneity":[53,70],"this":[55,64],"sphere":[56,75],"received":[58],"less":[59],"attention.":[60],"aim":[62],"article":[65,85],"is":[66],"to":[67,88,103],"reveal":[68],"alternative":[73,109],"that":[76],"developed":[77],"Syria":[79],"after":[80],"uprising.":[83],"contributes,":[86],"first,":[87],"understanding":[90],"conflict":[93,112],"itself":[94],"sectarianism":[99],"therein":[100],"and,":[101],"second,":[102],"a":[104],"more":[105],"complex":[106],"conceptualization":[107],"within":[111],"contexts.":[113],"We":[114],"explore":[115],"these":[116],"issues":[117],"by":[118],"analyzing":[119],"diverse":[121],"framings":[122],"sectarian":[124],"divisions":[125],"Syrian":[127],"oppositional":[128],"media.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-10-26T00:00:00"}
