{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2896418674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205166","title":"Introduction and geographic availability of new antibiotics approved between 1999 and 2014","display_name":"Introduction and geographic availability of new antibiotics approved between 1999 and 2014","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2896418674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205166","mag":"2896418674","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30325963","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6191083"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205166","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0205166&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0205166&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090747374","display_name":"Cecilia K\u00e5llberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1078-3128","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1078-3128"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1333353642","display_name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/046nvst19","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642","https://openalex.org/I4210149801","https://openalex.org/I4210163359"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cecilia K\u00e5llberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1078-3128","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059823574","display_name":"Christine \u00c5rdal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-0549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-0549"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1333353642","display_name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/046nvst19","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642","https://openalex.org/I4210149801","https://openalex.org/I4210163359"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine \u00c5rdal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078669627","display_name":"Hege Salvesen Blix","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7555","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7555"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1333353642","display_name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/046nvst19","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642","https://openalex.org/I4210149801","https://openalex.org/I4210163359"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hege Salvesen Blix","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway","School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011589199","display_name":"Eili Y. Klein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1304-5289","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1304-5289"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338678786","display_name":"Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy","ror":"https://ror.org/01skhd946","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338678786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eili Klein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America","Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America","Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1338678786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034584448","display_name":"Elena M. Martinez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9800-6651","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9800-6651"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338678786","display_name":"Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy","ror":"https://ror.org/01skhd946","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338678786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena M. Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1338678786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075338027","display_name":"Morten Lindb\u00e6k","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morten Lindb\u00e6k","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056587472","display_name":"Kevin Outterson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2513-3216","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2513-3216"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316958739","display_name":"California Air Resources Board","ror":"https://ror.org/021h56y19","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316958739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Outterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["CARB-X, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","School of Law, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CARB-X, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316958739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Law, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050290455","display_name":"John\u2010Arne R\u00f8ttingen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5587-4296","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5587-4296"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1333353642","display_name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/046nvst19","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642","https://openalex.org/I4210149801","https://openalex.org/I4210163359"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John-Arne R\u00f8ttingen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Global Health & Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Health & Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103264419","display_name":"Ramanan Laxminarayan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1390-9016","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1390-9016"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338678786","display_name":"Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy","ror":"https://ror.org/01skhd946","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338678786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268937","display_name":"High Meadows Environmental Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hgay921","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268937"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramanan Laxminarayan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America","Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1338678786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268937"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090747374"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642","https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"fwci":7.5792,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96997613,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"10","first_page":"e0205166","last_page":"e0205166"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10897","display_name":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","score":0.007300000172108412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2402","display_name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11649","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-availability","display_name":"antibiotic availability","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-chemical-entities","display_name":"new chemical entities","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sales-data","display_name":"sales data","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-resistance","display_name":"antibiotic resistance","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-benefit-assessment","display_name":"risk-benefit assessment","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmaceutical-industry","display_name":"pharmaceutical industry","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-development-incentives","display_name":"drug development incentives","score":0.5889999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.6834948062896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5997117757797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993083740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7897815","display_name":"Geographic variation","level":3,"score":0.5338391661643982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61980418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2221906","display_name":"Location","level":2,"score":0.5184764266014099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3720129132270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.353657066822052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.30689430236816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.292468786239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16732558608055115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.09329605102539062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000600","qualifier_name":"supply & distribution","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003132","descriptor_name":"Commerce","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004345","descriptor_name":"Drug Industry","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006297","descriptor_name":"Health Services Accessibility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017277","descriptor_name":"Drug Approval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D038622","descriptor_name":"Internationality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":12,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205166","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0205166&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5145878","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6191083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6191083","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6191083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:30325963","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30325963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.bu.edu:faculty_scholarship-2163","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scholarship/1165","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/context/faculty_scholarship/article/2163/viewcontent/Introduction_and_Geographic_Availability_of_New_Antibiotics_Approved_Between_1999_and_2014.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Scholarship","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cdm15738.contentdm.oclc.org:p15738coll5/6524","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://cdm15738.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll5/id/6524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400226","display_name":"IFPRI E-brary (International Food Policy Research Institute)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I150314799","host_organization_name":"International Food Policy Research Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150314799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE 13(10): e0205166","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cgspace.cgiar.org:10568/147299","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10568/147299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402055","display_name":"CGSPace A Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1286583668","host_organization_name":"CGIAR","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286583668"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"K\u00e5llberg, Cecilia; \u00c5rdal, Christine; Salvesen, Blix; Klein, Eili; Martinez, Elena M.; Kindbaek, Morten; Outterson, Kevin; R\u00f8ttingen, John-Arne; and Laxminarayan, Ramanan. 2018. Introduction and geographic availability of new antibiotics approved between 1999 and 2014. PLoS ONE 13(10): e0205166. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205166","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ef9328b8718e49c8bd0072b6554eeac4","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ef9328b8718e49c8bd0072b6554eeac4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 10, p e0205166 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ebrary.ifpri.org:p15738coll5/6524","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll5/id/6524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400197","display_name":"International Food Policy Research Institute (International Food Policy Research Institute)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I150314799","host_organization_name":"International Food Policy Research Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150314799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE 13(10): e0205166","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fhi.brage.unit.no:11250/2570809","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2570809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"19","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/7213808","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Introduction_and_geographic_availability_of_new_antibiotics_approved_between_1999_and_2014/7213808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dataset"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/67984","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/67984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1932-6203","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205166","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0205166&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7568068500","display_name":"DRIVING RE-INVESTMENT IN R&D AND RESPONSIBLE ANTIBIOTIC USE","funder_award_id":"115618","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314178","display_name":"European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations","ror":"https://ror.org/00g1x4v36"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333299","display_name":"Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/029y69023"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2896418674.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2896418674.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13277257","https://openalex.org/W194310849","https://openalex.org/W196778609","https://openalex.org/W659638591","https://openalex.org/W1517366409","https://openalex.org/W1539600458","https://openalex.org/W1547203214","https://openalex.org/W1554205827","https://openalex.org/W1570932923","https://openalex.org/W1770967011","https://openalex.org/W1971185036","https://openalex.org/W1983742247","https://openalex.org/W2010240859","https://openalex.org/W2037676386","https://openalex.org/W2057952562","https://openalex.org/W2059494851","https://openalex.org/W2067595614","https://openalex.org/W2071057327","https://openalex.org/W2085032959","https://openalex.org/W2093547538","https://openalex.org/W2104843155","https://openalex.org/W2109945561","https://openalex.org/W2113954950","https://openalex.org/W2114136779","https://openalex.org/W2119205072","https://openalex.org/W2126772942","https://openalex.org/W2133242942","https://openalex.org/W2140353364","https://openalex.org/W2144238593","https://openalex.org/W2166425259","https://openalex.org/W2170882399","https://openalex.org/W2221317449","https://openalex.org/W2290464731","https://openalex.org/W2293389015","https://openalex.org/W2302618685","https://openalex.org/W2317071691","https://openalex.org/W2364417598","https://openalex.org/W2365337945","https://openalex.org/W2377591868","https://openalex.org/W2382627488","https://openalex.org/W2418190818","https://openalex.org/W2463990453","https://openalex.org/W2748604370","https://openalex.org/W2884849385","https://openalex.org/W2890459901","https://openalex.org/W2917685269","https://openalex.org/W2983272535"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7134076344","https://openalex.org/W2556857790","https://openalex.org/W2103958498","https://openalex.org/W3181614690","https://openalex.org/W2085945944","https://openalex.org/W3166434470","https://openalex.org/W4404276363","https://openalex.org/W2474629458","https://openalex.org/W2022030969","https://openalex.org/W4394953446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Despite":[1],"the":[2,15,18,95,123,139,176,205],"urgent":[3],"need":[4],"for":[5,38,75,99,181],"new,":[6],"effective":[7],"antibiotics,":[8,69,216,253],"few":[9,271],"antibiotics":[10,41,58,312],"of":[11,57,89,175,221,238,240,252,273,303],"value":[12],"have":[13,23],"entered":[14],"market":[16,55,274],"during":[17],"past":[19],"decades.":[20],"Therefore,":[21],"incentives":[22,32],"been":[24],"developed":[25,314],"to":[26,33,43,115,214,228,235,308,319],"stimulate":[27],"antibiotic":[28],"R&D.":[29],"For":[30,223],"these":[31],"be":[34,44,299],"effective,":[35],"geographic":[36,52,141,166,211,250],"availability":[37,53,103,142,212,251,256],"recently":[39],"approved":[40,59,78,90],"needs":[42],"better":[45],"understood.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"study,":[49],"we":[50],"analyze":[51],"and":[54,62,82,92,111,119,155,168,195,260,293,305,315],"introduction":[56],"between":[60,80,278,288],"1999":[61,81],"2014.":[63],"MATERIAL":[64],"AND":[65],"METHOD:":[66],"We":[67],"identified":[68,125],"considered":[70],"new":[71],"chemical":[72],"entities":[73],"(NCEs)":[74],"systemic":[76],"use":[77],"globally":[79],"2014,":[83],"from":[84,94,109,199,204],"national":[85],"medicine":[86],"agencies'":[87],"lists":[88],"drugs,":[91],"data":[93,108],"WHO":[96],"Collaborating":[97],"Center":[98],"Drug":[100],"Statistics.":[101],"Geographic":[102],"was":[104,190,281],"mapped":[105],"using":[106],"sales":[107,131,145],"IQVIA,":[110],"analyzed":[112],"with":[113,138],"regards":[114],"class,":[116],"indication,":[117],"safety,":[118],"origin.":[120],"RESULTS:":[121],"Of":[122],"25":[124],"NCEs,":[126],"only":[127],"12":[128],"had":[129,143,178,209],"registered":[130,144],"in":[132,146,249,257],"more":[133,147],"than":[134,148],"10":[135],"countries.":[136],"NCEs":[137,177,225],"widest":[140],"70":[149],"countries":[150,157,289],"within":[151,158,269],"a":[152,159,236,270,300],"ten-year":[153],"timeframe":[154],"30":[156],"three-year":[160],"timeframe,":[161],"spreading":[162],"across":[163],"five":[164],"different":[165,241],"regions":[167,259],"three":[169],"country":[170,261],"income":[171,262],"classes.":[172],"Half":[173],"(52%)":[174],"an":[179],"indication":[180],"infections":[182],"caused":[183],"by":[184,202],"antibiotic-":[185],"resistant":[186],"bacteria,":[187],"little":[188],"diversity":[189],"seen":[191,268,287],"regarding":[192,290],"target":[193],"pathogen":[194],"indication.":[196],"Antibiotics":[197],"originated":[198],"and/or":[200],"marketed":[201],"companies":[203,239,280],"US":[206],"or":[207,230],"Europe":[208],"greater":[210],"compared":[213],"Japanese":[215],"which":[217],"seldom":[218],"reached":[219],"outside":[220],"Asia.":[222],"20":[224],"developers":[226],"chose":[227],"fully":[229],"partially":[231],"sublicense":[232],"marketing":[233],"rights":[234],"number":[237],"sizes.":[242],"CONCLUSION:":[243],"Our":[244],"findings":[245,297],"show":[246],"great":[247],"variation":[248],"indicating":[254],"that":[255,310],"multiple":[258,279],"classes":[263],"is":[264],"possible,":[265],"but":[266],"rarely":[267],"years":[272],"authorization.":[275],"Sublicensing":[276],"agreements":[277],"common":[282],"practice.":[283],"Moreover,":[284],"differences":[285],"were":[286],"benefit/risk":[291],"evaluations":[292],"company":[294],"behavior.":[295],"These":[296],"could":[298],"potential":[301],"source":[302],"uncertainties,":[304],"create":[306],"barriers":[307],"assure":[309],"working":[311],"are":[313],"made":[316],"available":[317],"according":[318],"public":[320],"health":[321],"needs.":[322]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2018-10-26T00:00:00"}