{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2895960357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313267","title":"Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome: summary of a Cochrane systematic review","display_name":"Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome: summary of a Cochrane systematic review","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2895960357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313267","mag":"2895960357","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30337332"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79587146","display_name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","issn_l":"0007-1161","issn":["0007-1161","1468-2079"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076898985","display_name":"Ann\u2010Margret Ervin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8610-4403","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8610-4403"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ann-Margret Ervin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA aervin@jhu.edu","Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA aervin@jhu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Andrew Law","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Law","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051096242","display_name":"Andrew D. Pucker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4032-2744","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4032-2744"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew D Pucker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076898985"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5911,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51251956,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"103","issue":"3","first_page":"301","last_page":"306"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10997","display_name":"Ocular Surface and Contact Lens","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10997","display_name":"Ocular Surface and Contact Lens","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11521","display_name":"Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dry-eye-disease","display_name":"dry eye","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punctal-occlusion","display_name":"punctal occlusion","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punctal-plugs","display_name":"punctal plugs","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-tears","display_name":"artificial tears","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclosporine","display_name":"cyclosporine","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pilocarpine","display_name":"pilocarpine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tear-film","display_name":"tear film","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-effectiveness","display_name":"treatment effectiveness","score":0.5120000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.948739767074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778837293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3320636","display_name":"Artificial tears","level":2,"score":0.7993884682655334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.563051164150238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.5240374207496643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.49112483859062195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.47773095965385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778275304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76469","display_name":"Tears","level":2,"score":0.4705484211444855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.23465868830680847}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000070635","descriptor_name":"Punctal Plugs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005143","descriptor_name":"Eyelids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013666","descriptor_name":"Tears","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015352","descriptor_name":"Dry Eye Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015352","descriptor_name":"Dry Eye Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019919","descriptor_name":"Prosthesis Implantation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79587146","display_name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","issn_l":"0007-1161","issn":["0007-1161","1468-2079"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30337332","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30337332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The British journal of ophthalmology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:bjophthalmol:103/3/301","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bjo.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/103/3/301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3274104007","display_name":"Comparative Effectiveness Research & the Cochrane Eyes & Vision Group","funder_award_id":"U01EY020522","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W145780728","https://openalex.org/W356495080","https://openalex.org/W1527171054","https://openalex.org/W1530639720","https://openalex.org/W1535475051","https://openalex.org/W1595675376","https://openalex.org/W1598602811","https://openalex.org/W1963949990","https://openalex.org/W1969220147","https://openalex.org/W1970519824","https://openalex.org/W1971401329","https://openalex.org/W1976780976","https://openalex.org/W1988954378","https://openalex.org/W1989078071","https://openalex.org/W2007569110","https://openalex.org/W2017282855","https://openalex.org/W2024862213","https://openalex.org/W2031872921","https://openalex.org/W2045118534","https://openalex.org/W2054186928","https://openalex.org/W2059435366","https://openalex.org/W2066316523","https://openalex.org/W2071610562","https://openalex.org/W2080695862","https://openalex.org/W2094616837","https://openalex.org/W2120311721","https://openalex.org/W2138321161","https://openalex.org/W2154078703","https://openalex.org/W2161054103","https://openalex.org/W2186008415","https://openalex.org/W2250076942","https://openalex.org/W2299003994","https://openalex.org/W2327252129","https://openalex.org/W2407266271","https://openalex.org/W2410479581","https://openalex.org/W2413534275","https://openalex.org/W2414493351","https://openalex.org/W2465642329","https://openalex.org/W2469507034","https://openalex.org/W2596391620","https://openalex.org/W2735954633","https://openalex.org/W2739410682","https://openalex.org/W2967290069","https://openalex.org/W2971126979","https://openalex.org/W2980842633","https://openalex.org/W3213219973","https://openalex.org/W4255993666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4255993666","https://openalex.org/W2056145311","https://openalex.org/W2085763460","https://openalex.org/W4410490003","https://openalex.org/W3019710617","https://openalex.org/W7203477674","https://openalex.org/W356495080","https://openalex.org/W2296153481","https://openalex.org/W2358502976","https://openalex.org/W2021477818"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dry":[0],"eye":[1,109,216,235],"disease":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,26,138,196],"disorder":[5],"of":[6,21,34,90,141,192,210,227,233,251],"the":[7,19,32,107,172,193,225,242,249],"tear":[8,155],"film":[9],"associated":[10],"with":[11,61,99,134,187],"ocular":[12],"signs":[13,220],"and":[14,42,72,78,181,218,231,238],"symptoms.":[15],"Punctal":[16],"occlusion":[17],"aids":[18],"preservation":[20],"natural":[22],"tears.":[23,136],"We":[24],"conducted":[25],"Cochrane":[27],"systematic":[28],"review":[29],"to":[30,121,125,163,169,244],"assess":[31],"effectiveness":[33,209,250],"punctal":[35,91,100,132,144,177,211,228,252],"plugs":[36,92,133,186,212],"for":[37,213],"managing":[38],"dry":[39,108,215,234],"eye.":[40],"Randomised":[41],"quasi-randomised":[43],"trials":[44,84,89,130,175],"were":[45,59,81,85],"included.":[46,86],"The":[47,102,208],"primary":[48],"outcome":[49],"was":[50,96,115],"symptomatic":[51,203],"improvement":[52,204],"(SI)":[53],"at":[54,112,150,205],"2-12":[55,206],"months.":[56,207],"Nine":[57],"databases":[58],"searched":[60],"no":[62],"date":[63],"or":[64,184,189,198],"language":[65],"restrictions.":[66],"Two":[67],"authors":[68],"assessed":[69],"trial":[70,239],"quality":[71],"extracted":[73],"data.":[74],"Summary":[75],"risk":[76],"ratios":[77],"mean":[79,103],"differences":[80],"calculated.":[82],"Ten":[83],"In":[87,137,171],"two":[88,142],"versus":[93],"observation,":[94],"there":[95],"less":[97],"dryness":[98],"plugs.":[101,253],"difference":[104,201],"(MD)":[105],"in":[106,202,224],"symptom":[110],"score":[111],"2":[113],"months":[114,152],"-28.20":[116],"points":[117],"(95%":[118],"CI":[119,161],"-33.61":[120],"-22.79,":[122],"range":[123],"0":[124,168],"105,":[126],"one":[127],"trial).":[128],"Three":[129],"compared":[131],"artificial":[135,154],"pooled":[139],"analysis":[140],"trials,":[143],"plug":[145,178],"participants":[146,156],"reported":[147,195],"more":[148],"SI":[149],"3":[151],"than":[153],"(MD":[157],"-4.20":[158],"points,":[159],"95%":[160],"-5.87":[162],"-2.53,":[164],"scales":[165],"varied":[166],"from":[167],"6).":[170],"remaining":[173],"five":[174],"comparing":[176,185],"placement,":[179],"acrylic":[180],"silicone":[182],"plugs,":[183],"cyclosporine":[188],"pilocarpine,":[190],"none":[191],"investigators":[194],"clinically":[197],"statistically":[199],"meaningful":[200],"treating":[214],"symptoms":[217],"common":[219],"are":[221],"inconclusive.":[222],"Heterogeneity":[223],"type":[226,230],"plug,":[229],"severity":[232],"being":[236],"treated,":[237],"methodology":[240],"confounds":[241],"ability":[243],"make":[245],"decisive":[246],"statements":[247],"regarding":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2018-10-26T00:00:00"}
