{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2895861920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6096-z","title":"Raising cigarette excise tax to reduce consumption in low-and middle-income countries of the Asia-Pacific region:a simulation of the anticipated health and taxation revenues impacts","display_name":"Raising cigarette excise tax to reduce consumption in low-and middle-income countries of the Asia-Pacific region:a simulation of the anticipated health and taxation revenues impacts","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2895861920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6096-z","mag":"2895861920","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30340557","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6194546"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6096-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6096-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6096-z","pdf_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12889-018-6096-z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12889-018-6096-z","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020461321","display_name":"Li\u2010Ming Ho","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Ming Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marine Leisure Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marine Leisure Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054398454","display_name":"Christian Schafferer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1167-1865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1167-1865"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207776796","display_name":"Overseas Chinese University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9jq089","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207776796"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Schafferer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of International Trade, Overseas Chinese University, Taichung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of International Trade, Overseas Chinese University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207776796"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112091327","display_name":"Jie-Min Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jie-Min Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Shipping and Transportation Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 142, Hai-Chuan Rd. Nan-Tzu, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. jmlee866@yahoo.com.tw","Department of Shipping and Transportation Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 142, Hai-Chuan Rd. Nan-Tzu, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Shipping and Transportation Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 142, Hai-Chuan Rd. Nan-Tzu, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. jmlee866@yahoo.com.tw","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Shipping and Transportation Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 142, Hai-Chuan Rd. Nan-Tzu, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110460351","display_name":"Chun\u2010Yuan Yeh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207776796","display_name":"Overseas Chinese University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9jq089","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207776796"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Yuan Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of International Trade, Overseas Chinese University, Taichung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of International Trade, Overseas Chinese University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207776796"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102107365","display_name":"Chi-Jung Hsieh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70522481","display_name":"National Changhua University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/005gkfa10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi-Jung Hsieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Finance, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Finance, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112091327"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":5.6021,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96423429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"1187","last_page":"1187"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12816","display_name":"Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology","score":0.008700000122189522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13042","display_name":"Economic and Fiscal Studies","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cigarette-excise-tax","display_name":"cigarette excise tax","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-taxation","display_name":"tobacco taxation","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cigarette-consumption","display_name":"cigarette consumption","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/price-elasticity-of-demand","display_name":"price elasticity","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-tax-revenue","display_name":"tobacco tax revenue","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-attributable-mortality","display_name":"smoking-attributable mortality","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/averted-deaths","display_name":"mortality averted","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-control","display_name":"tobacco control","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-and-middle-income-countries","display_name":"low- and middle-income countries","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asia-pacific-region","display_name":"Asia-Pacific region","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-prevalence","display_name":"smoking prevalence","score":0.37700000405311584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778302417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159579","display_name":"Excise","level":2,"score":0.8596925735473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6661922931671143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121964417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385503","display_name":"Tax revenue","level":2,"score":0.6408143043518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6273759603500366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140556311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214746","display_name":"Biostatistics","level":3,"score":0.6024458408355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.5117661952972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.46526622772216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018472363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Low and middle income countries","level":3,"score":0.464575856924057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.44043001532554626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.3524148464202881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.2889467477798462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.27926284074783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.24779397249221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.22015458345413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.08657214045524597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.07750141620635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000074606","descriptor_name":"Smoking Prevention","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001208","descriptor_name":"Asia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003132","descriptor_name":"Commerce","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010139","descriptor_name":"Pacific Islands","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011640","descriptor_name":"Public Policy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013660","descriptor_name":"Taxes","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062789","descriptor_name":"Tobacco Products","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6096-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6096-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6096-z","pdf_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12889-018-6096-z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5146789","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6194546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:30340557","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30340557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6194546","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6194546/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c3b933e28e8e4cb7a734a14d6c05e117","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c3b933e28e8e4cb7a734a14d6c05e117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6096-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6096-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6096-z","pdf_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12889-018-6096-z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4597215597","display_name":"A Study of Tax Effect on Cigarette Consumption -Global Evidence Analysis","funder_award_id":"MOST103-2410-H022-011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","display_name":"National Science Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2895861920.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2895861920.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W188566559","https://openalex.org/W1504614322","https://openalex.org/W1595399520","https://openalex.org/W1889231453","https://openalex.org/W2049502998","https://openalex.org/W2062998753","https://openalex.org/W2093445223","https://openalex.org/W2096684396","https://openalex.org/W2097978133","https://openalex.org/W2102603495","https://openalex.org/W2123013778","https://openalex.org/W2126785611","https://openalex.org/W2151190803","https://openalex.org/W2154205593","https://openalex.org/W2157383512","https://openalex.org/W2157828113","https://openalex.org/W2164060413","https://openalex.org/W2171652823","https://openalex.org/W2193882680","https://openalex.org/W2259984797","https://openalex.org/W2316306225","https://openalex.org/W2612177459","https://openalex.org/W3037813290","https://openalex.org/W3124878057","https://openalex.org/W3125096657","https://openalex.org/W3176682987","https://openalex.org/W4245823918","https://openalex.org/W4388330749"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2615871206","https://openalex.org/W4386789661","https://openalex.org/W2749374640","https://openalex.org/W4383566776","https://openalex.org/W2006573117","https://openalex.org/W123147564","https://openalex.org/W7099318186","https://openalex.org/W3044989072","https://openalex.org/W1533101066","https://openalex.org/W7168145385"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"According":[1],"to":[2,107,115],"the":[3,10,24,30,43,48,53,78,86,90,94,109,117,127,151,167,177,196,226,232],"World":[4,91,95],"Health":[5,96],"Organization":[6],"(WHO),":[7],"80%":[8],"of":[9,23,35,42,55,104,111,119,165,189,228,234],"world's":[11,25],"smokers":[12],"live":[13],"in":[14,29,47,66,69,77,150,198],"low-":[15],"and":[16,64,93,114,142,144,176,203,231,239],"middle-income":[17,75],"countries.":[18],"Moreover,":[19],"more":[20],"than":[21],"half":[22],"smoking-addicted":[26],"population":[27],"resides":[28],"Asia-Pacific":[31,79],"region.":[32,49,80,152],"The":[33,153,187],"reduction":[34,65,227],"tobacco":[36,61,180],"consumption":[37,171],"has":[38],"thus":[39],"become":[40],"one":[41],"major":[44],"social":[45],"policies":[46],"This":[50],"study":[51],"investigates":[52],"effects":[54,101],"price":[56,120,124,163],"increases":[57,220],"on":[58,225],"cigarette":[59,112,162,170],"consumption,":[60],"tax":[62,181,215,219],"revenues":[63],"smoking-caused":[67],"mortality":[68],"22":[70],"low-income":[71],"as":[72,74],"well":[73],"countries":[76,130,242],"METHODS:":[81],"Using":[82],"panel":[83,105],"data":[84,106],"from":[85],"1999-2015":[87],"Euromonitor":[88],"International,":[89],"Bank":[92],"Organization,":[97],"we":[98],"applied":[99],"fixed":[100],"regression":[102],"models":[103],"estimate":[108],"elasticity":[110,125],"prices":[113],"simulate":[116],"effect":[118,224],"fluctuations.":[121],"RESULTS:":[122],"Cigarette":[123],"was":[126],"highest":[128,197],"for":[129,147],"with":[131,158],"a":[132,222],"per":[133],"capita":[134],"Gross":[135],"National":[136],"Income":[137],"(GNI)":[138],"above":[139],"US$6000":[140],"(China":[141],"Malaysia),":[143],"considerably":[145],"higher":[146],"other":[148],"economies":[149],"administered":[154],"simulation":[155],"shows":[156],"that":[157],"an":[159],"average":[160,168,178],"annual":[161,169,179],"increase":[164,184],"9.51%,":[166],"would":[172,183,194,243],"decrease":[173],"by":[174,185,201,214,247],"3.56%,":[175],"revenue":[182],"16.20%.":[186],"number":[188,233],"averted":[190,235],"smoking-attributable":[191,236],"deaths":[192],"(SADs)":[193],"be":[195,212,244],"China,":[199],"followed":[200],"Indonesia":[202],"India.":[204],"In":[205],"total,":[206],"over":[207],"17.96":[208],"million":[209],"lives":[210],"could":[211],"saved":[213],"increases.":[216],"CONCLUSION:":[217],"Excise":[218],"have":[221],"significant":[223],"smoking":[229],"prevalence":[230],"deaths.":[237],"Middle-":[238],"upper-middle":[240],"income":[241],"most":[245],"affected":[246],"high-taxation":[248],"policies.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2018-10-26T00:00:00"}