{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2895855825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ms001464","title":"Improved Aerosol Processes and Effective Radiative Forcing in HadGEM3 and UKESM1","display_name":"Improved Aerosol Processes and Effective Radiative Forcing in HadGEM3 and UKESM1","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2895855825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ms001464","mag":"2895855825"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1029/2018ms001464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ms001464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ms001464","pdf_url":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2018MS001464","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185824406","display_name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","issn_l":"1942-2466","issn":["1942-2466"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2018MS001464","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023882108","display_name":"Jane Patricia Mulcahy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0870-7380","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0870-7380"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293035123","display_name":"Met Office","ror":"https://ror.org/01ch2yn61","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. P. Mulcahy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Met Office, Exeter, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0870-7380","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Met Office, Exeter, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088643928","display_name":"Colin Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7221-8127","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7221-8127"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112368","display_name":"National Centre for Atmospheric Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01wwwe276","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141816643","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210112368"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816","https://openalex.org/I4210112368"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084979493","display_name":"Alistair Sellar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2955-7254","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2955-7254"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293035123","display_name":"Met Office","ror":"https://ror.org/01ch2yn61","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Sellar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Met Office, Exeter, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Met Office, Exeter, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049228321","display_name":"Ben T. Thomas Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3334-9295","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3334-9295"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293035123","display_name":"Met Office","ror":"https://ror.org/01ch2yn61","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Met Office, Exeter, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Met Office, Exeter, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039593473","display_name":"Ian Boutle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1485-4475","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1485-4475"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293035123","display_name":"Met Office","ror":"https://ror.org/01ch2yn61","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. A. Boutle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Met Office, Exeter, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1485-4475","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Met Office, Exeter, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038222670","display_name":"Andy Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-7601","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-7601"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293035123","display_name":"Met Office","ror":"https://ror.org/01ch2yn61","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Met Office, Exeter, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-7601","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Met Office, Exeter, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004375415","display_name":"Timothy Andrews","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8248-8753","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8248-8753"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293035123","display_name":"Met Office","ror":"https://ror.org/01ch2yn61","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Andrews","raw_affiliation_strings":["Met Office, Exeter, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8248-8753","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Met Office, Exeter, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065792416","display_name":"Steven T. Rumbold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8138-4541","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8138-4541"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112368","display_name":"National Centre for Atmospheric Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01wwwe276","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141816643","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210112368"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. T. Rumbold","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112368","https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004101681","display_name":"James Mollard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8370-3438","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8370-3438"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Mollard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8370-3438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042660117","display_name":"Nicolas Bellouin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2109-9559","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2109-9559"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Bellouin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2109-9559","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"C. E. Johnson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293035123","display_name":"Met Office","ror":"https://ror.org/01ch2yn61","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. E. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Met Office, Exeter, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Met Office, Exeter, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010969752","display_name":"Keith D. Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7026-7614","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7026-7614"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293035123","display_name":"Met Office","ror":"https://ror.org/01ch2yn61","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. D. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Met Office, Exeter, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7026-7614","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Met Office, Exeter, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028113214","display_name":"Daniel Peter Grosvenor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4919-7751","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4919-7751"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112368","display_name":"National Centre for Atmospheric Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01wwwe276","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141816643","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210112368"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. P. Grosvenor","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4919-7751","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816","https://openalex.org/I4210112368"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052404448","display_name":"Daniel Thompson McCoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1148-6475","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1148-6475"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. T. McCoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023882108"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"],"apc_list":{"value":2650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2650},"apc_paid":{"value":2650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2650},"fwci":10.4874,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":261,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99140518,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"11","first_page":"2786","last_page":"2805"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerosol-effective-radiative-forcing","display_name":"aerosol effective radiative forcing","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerosol-cloud-interactions","display_name":"aerosol-cloud interactions","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropogenic-radiative-forcing","display_name":"anthropogenic radiative forcing","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ukesm1","display_name":"UKESM1","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerosol-parameterization","display_name":"aerosol parameterization","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerosol-activation","display_name":"aerosol activation","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimethyl-sulfide","display_name":"dimethyl sulfide","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-organic-aerosols","display_name":"marine organic aerosols","score":0.8190000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104541","display_name":"Aerosol","level":2,"score":0.9399075508117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99578197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1463606","display_name":"Radiative forcing","level":3,"score":0.8858625888824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7596522569656372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.6731045842170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.642087996006012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.6117525696754456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.5967147350311279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.5067864060401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.35989809036254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.31234994530677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09935888648033142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09794384241104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09714138507843018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1029/2018ms001464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ms001464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ms001464","pdf_url":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2018MS001464","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185824406","display_name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","issn_l":"1942-2466","issn":["1942-2466"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:139786","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/139786/1/Mulcahy_et_al-2018-Journal_of_Advances_in_Modeling_Earth_Systems.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/139786/1/Mulcahy_et_al-2018-Journal_of_Advances_in_Modeling_Earth_Systems.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:centaur.reading.ac.uk:80884","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/80884/1/GA7p1_ERF_paper_final_manuscript.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402273","display_name":"CentAUR (University of Reading)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","host_organization_name":"University of Reading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1029/2018ms001464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ms001464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ms001464","pdf_url":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2018MS001464","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185824406","display_name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","issn_l":"1942-2466","issn":["1942-2466"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2813465017","display_name":"The North Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study","funder_award_id":"NE/N018001/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3124919177","display_name":"The UK Earth system modelling project.","funder_award_id":"NE/N017978/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4756654368","display_name":"The UK Earth system modelling project.","funder_award_id":"NE/N017951/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7189952984","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"641816","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8181867363","display_name":"NCAS Long Term Science - Single Centre","funder_award_id":"NE/R015244/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319995","display_name":"Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government","ror":"https://ror.org/00tnppw48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320331","display_name":"Met Office","ror":"https://ror.org/01ch2yn61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2895855825.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2895855825.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485960178","https://openalex.org/W1536258309","https://openalex.org/W1641972962","https://openalex.org/W1763288579","https://openalex.org/W1819809595","https://openalex.org/W1826576214","https://openalex.org/W1880089522","https://openalex.org/W1907369419","https://openalex.org/W1931285069","https://openalex.org/W1968340782","https://openalex.org/W1975196041","https://openalex.org/W1979660112","https://openalex.org/W1984140832","https://openalex.org/W1990646419","https://openalex.org/W1994806934","https://openalex.org/W2007791627","https://openalex.org/W2010574267","https://openalex.org/W2011109821","https://openalex.org/W2012247153","https://openalex.org/W2012832111","https://openalex.org/W2015320755","https://openalex.org/W2024612183","https://openalex.org/W2026317156","https://openalex.org/W2027020772","https://openalex.org/W2029222580","https://openalex.org/W2034026239","https://openalex.org/W2062310155","https://openalex.org/W2063359930","https://openalex.org/W2068106641","https://openalex.org/W2069461995","https://openalex.org/W2071512373","https://openalex.org/W2090245219","https://openalex.org/W2091288070","https://openalex.org/W2092568149","https://openalex.org/W2094408786","https://openalex.org/W2098273857","https://openalex.org/W2098643429","https://openalex.org/W2098921391","https://openalex.org/W2101178042","https://openalex.org/W2104155220","https://openalex.org/W2104787027","https://openalex.org/W2106963750","https://openalex.org/W2109055282","https://openalex.org/W2114252528","https://openalex.org/W2120943354","https://openalex.org/W2122146754","https://openalex.org/W2123293242","https://openalex.org/W2125148711","https://openalex.org/W2125760892","https://openalex.org/W2125855972","https://openalex.org/W2126479450","https://openalex.org/W2137077767","https://openalex.org/W2138414010","https://openalex.org/W2139836399","https://openalex.org/W2144835857","https://openalex.org/W2145318668","https://openalex.org/W2147372260","https://openalex.org/W2153306945","https://openalex.org/W2157167608","https://openalex.org/W2157203601","https://openalex.org/W2158669608","https://openalex.org/W2162214076","https://openalex.org/W2163210913","https://openalex.org/W2163464750","https://openalex.org/W2167856753","https://openalex.org/W2171355244","https://openalex.org/W2176608949","https://openalex.org/W2193503481","https://openalex.org/W2278769255","https://openalex.org/W2299943051","https://openalex.org/W2301858794","https://openalex.org/W2356364764","https://openalex.org/W2400836904","https://openalex.org/W2405493398","https://openalex.org/W2489920143","https://openalex.org/W2495412896","https://openalex.org/W2505359060","https://openalex.org/W2531205202","https://openalex.org/W2569996388","https://openalex.org/W2588404019","https://openalex.org/W2591685540","https://openalex.org/W2592955362","https://openalex.org/W2607693830","https://openalex.org/W2626678185","https://openalex.org/W2626999769","https://openalex.org/W2744685287","https://openalex.org/W2754310675","https://openalex.org/W2761694691","https://openalex.org/W2772454161","https://openalex.org/W2783310922","https://openalex.org/W2787298971","https://openalex.org/W2790472587","https://openalex.org/W2802938233","https://openalex.org/W2806831936","https://openalex.org/W2890744580","https://openalex.org/W4213327538","https://openalex.org/W4236270162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408435747","https://openalex.org/W4411694502","https://openalex.org/W3003285520","https://openalex.org/W7054697332","https://openalex.org/W2969044279","https://openalex.org/W2891635109","https://openalex.org/W3093073580","https://openalex.org/W7168276494","https://openalex.org/W4285388894","https://openalex.org/W3093330507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Aerosol":[1],"processes":[2,106],"and,":[3],"in":[4,27,44,49,60,82,107,181,225],"particular,":[5],"aerosol\u2010cloud":[6],"interactions":[7],"cut":[8],"across":[9],"the":[10,24,37,45,53,61,72,83,96,109,133,148,159,163,171,177,182,193,205,213],"traditional":[11],"physical\u2010Earth":[12],"system":[13,18,64],"boundary":[14],"of":[15,23,32,55,123,141,158,170,179,186,197,212],"coupled":[16],"Earth":[17,63],"models":[19],"and":[20,80,104,112,152,189,216],"remain":[21],"one":[22],"key":[25],"uncertainties":[26,180],"estimating":[28],"anthropogenic":[29,93,221],"radiative":[30,41],"forcing":[31,42,94,165,223],"climate.":[33,174],"Here":[34],"we":[35],"calculate":[36],"historical":[38,222],"aerosol":[39,68,113,119,134,149,164,173,191,206],"effective":[40],"(ERF)":[43],"HadGEM3\u2010GA7":[46],"climate":[47],"model":[48,57,86,111,124,198],"order":[50],"to":[51,76,88,116,128,147,162,192,210,218],"assess":[52,129],"suitability":[54],"this":[56,117],"for":[58,71],"inclusion":[59],"UK":[62],"model,":[65],"UKESM1.":[66],"The":[67,195],"ERF,":[69],"calculated":[70],"year":[73],"2000":[74],"relative":[75],"1850,":[77],"is":[78,167],"large":[79,118],"negative":[81,91],"standard":[84],"GA7":[85],"leading":[87],"an":[89,138],"unrealistic":[90],"total":[92,220],"over":[95],"twentieth":[97],"century.":[98],"We":[99,175],"show":[100],"how":[101],"underlying":[102],"assumptions":[103],"missing":[105],"both":[108],"physical":[110],"parameterizations":[114],"lead":[115],"ERF.":[120,135,194],"A":[121],"number":[122],"improvements":[125,199],"are":[126],"investigated":[127],"their":[130],"impact":[131],"on":[132],"These":[136],"include":[137],"improved":[139],"representation":[140],"cloud":[142],"droplet":[143],"spectral":[144],"dispersion,":[145],"updates":[146],"activation":[150],"scheme,":[151],"black":[153],"carbon":[154],"optical":[155],"properties.":[156],"One":[157],"largest":[160],"contributors":[161],"uncertainty":[166],"insufficient":[168],"knowledge":[169],"preindustrial":[172],"evaluate":[176],"contribution":[178],"natural":[183],"marine":[184],"emissions":[185],"dimethyl":[187],"sulfide":[188],"organic":[190],"combination":[196],"derived":[200],"from":[201],"these":[202],"studies":[203],"weakens":[204],"ERF":[207],"by":[208],"up":[209],"50%":[211],"original":[214],"value":[215],"leads":[217],"a":[219],"more":[224],"line":[226],"with":[227],"assessed":[228],"values.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2018-10-26T00:00:00"}
