{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2895853111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2018.10.001","title":"The Effects of Competition Outcomes on Health: Evidence from the Lifespans of U.S. Olympic Medalists","display_name":"The Effects of Competition Outcomes on Health: Evidence from the Lifespans of U.S. Olympic Medalists","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2895853111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2018.10.001","mag":"2895853111","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30447409"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2018.10.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2018.10.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2018.10.001","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X18301072/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19927788","display_name":"Economics & Human Biology","issn_l":"1570-677X","issn":["1570-677X","1873-6130"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economics &amp; Human Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X18301072/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050714091","display_name":"Adriaan Kalwij","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9061-6156","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9061-6156"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adriaan Kalwij","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utrecht University School of Economics, PO Box 80125, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: a.s.kalwij@uu.nl","Utrecht University School of Economics, PO Box 80125, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utrecht University School of Economics, PO Box 80125, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: a.s.kalwij@uu.nl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utrecht University School of Economics, PO Box 80125, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050714091"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":1.2141,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81311422,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":null,"first_page":"276","last_page":"286"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.7651000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.7651000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.07559999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10475","display_name":"Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction","score":0.03889999911189079,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition-outcomes","display_name":"competition results","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health","display_name":"health","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifespan","display_name":"lifespan","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/olympic-medalists","display_name":"Olympic medalists","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-expectancy","display_name":"life expectancy","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.6230000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133925201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188419","display_name":"Life expectancy","level":3,"score":0.7517894506454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7467145919799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6132166385650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.5907672047615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188353592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q450586","display_name":"Expectancy theory","level":2,"score":0.52168869972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777867650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131647","display_name":"Medal","level":2,"score":0.5069787502288818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.46063220500946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.43773266673088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.43034979701042175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49630185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6980675","display_name":"Natural experiment","level":2,"score":0.4273579716682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.27761679887771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21711552143096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2159421145915985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20767506957054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.18777996301651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.14111477136611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008017","descriptor_name":"Life Expectancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008136","descriptor_name":"Longevity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012923","descriptor_name":"Social Class","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013177","descriptor_name":"Sports","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056352","descriptor_name":"Athletes","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2018.10.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2018.10.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2018.10.001","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X18301072/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19927788","display_name":"Economics & Human Biology","issn_l":"1570-677X","issn":["1570-677X","1873-6130"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economics &amp; Human Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3040283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3040283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3040283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30447409","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30447409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economics and human biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:ehbiol:v:31:y:2018:i:c:p:276-286","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X18301072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/374808","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/374808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:uu:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/374808","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/374808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Economics and Human Biology, 31, 276. Elsevier","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2018.10.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2018.10.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2018.10.001","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X18301072/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19927788","display_name":"Economics & Human Biology","issn_l":"1570-677X","issn":["1570-677X","1873-6130"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economics &amp; Human Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2895853111.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2895853111.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":93,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W184731416","https://openalex.org/W1481632969","https://openalex.org/W1494331583","https://openalex.org/W1580788756","https://openalex.org/W1607627691","https://openalex.org/W1632399332","https://openalex.org/W1686749590","https://openalex.org/W1869804876","https://openalex.org/W1920894533","https://openalex.org/W1927308485","https://openalex.org/W1963629744","https://openalex.org/W1964214903","https://openalex.org/W1969412681","https://openalex.org/W1974758327","https://openalex.org/W1984524168","https://openalex.org/W1984792315","https://openalex.org/W1984871604","https://openalex.org/W1987043226","https://openalex.org/W1988736580","https://openalex.org/W1991467989","https://openalex.org/W1999810013","https://openalex.org/W2009736266","https://openalex.org/W2009797510","https://openalex.org/W2015252215","https://openalex.org/W2017392594","https://openalex.org/W2018932255","https://openalex.org/W2030439823","https://openalex.org/W2033238314","https://openalex.org/W2040385951","https://openalex.org/W2041915978","https://openalex.org/W2046597351","https://openalex.org/W2050761447","https://openalex.org/W2052358423","https://openalex.org/W2056893157","https://openalex.org/W2057041949","https://openalex.org/W2072998291","https://openalex.org/W2074544938","https://openalex.org/W2077050546","https://openalex.org/W2078090509","https://openalex.org/W2080709277","https://openalex.org/W2083988560","https://openalex.org/W2089557853","https://openalex.org/W2092211619","https://openalex.org/W2094365119","https://openalex.org/W2097529540","https://openalex.org/W2098335992","https://openalex.org/W2100478721","https://openalex.org/W2100722028","https://openalex.org/W2102089988","https://openalex.org/W2102463240","https://openalex.org/W2104018747","https://openalex.org/W2106789212","https://openalex.org/W2110051608","https://openalex.org/W2115539085","https://openalex.org/W2119450516","https://openalex.org/W2123289342","https://openalex.org/W2134697757","https://openalex.org/W2139537438","https://openalex.org/W2144101679","https://openalex.org/W2145452721","https://openalex.org/W2145825528","https://openalex.org/W2148962857","https://openalex.org/W2155143853","https://openalex.org/W2157050842","https://openalex.org/W2162034183","https://openalex.org/W2165558339","https://openalex.org/W2209422675","https://openalex.org/W2231281795","https://openalex.org/W2321228581","https://openalex.org/W2323914450","https://openalex.org/W2334787351","https://openalex.org/W2337649239","https://openalex.org/W2403008365","https://openalex.org/W2570078416","https://openalex.org/W2623331694","https://openalex.org/W2750781250","https://openalex.org/W2799179994","https://openalex.org/W3123568766","https://openalex.org/W3123724042","https://openalex.org/W3124525584","https://openalex.org/W3124576902","https://openalex.org/W3147894994","https://openalex.org/W4211191719","https://openalex.org/W4236861771","https://openalex.org/W4237171144","https://openalex.org/W4243321329","https://openalex.org/W4243336455","https://openalex.org/W4246855866","https://openalex.org/W4248715264","https://openalex.org/W4249492459","https://openalex.org/W6676590054","https://openalex.org/W6738958085","https://openalex.org/W6750538997"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3124576902","https://openalex.org/W1856899209","https://openalex.org/W4390616228","https://openalex.org/W2002745351","https://openalex.org/W4406018056","https://openalex.org/W2141587838","https://openalex.org/W4293075932","https://openalex.org/W2588735353","https://openalex.org/W3045983686","https://openalex.org/W2995568251"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,24,92,97],"effects":[4],"of":[5,27,38],"competition":[6,71],"outcomes":[7,72,78],"on":[8],"health":[9],"by":[10,57],"using":[11],"U.S.":[12],"Olympic":[13],"medalists'":[14],"lifespans":[15],"and":[16,29,44,63],"medal":[17],"colors":[18],"as":[19],"a":[20],"natural":[21],"experiment.":[22],"Whereas":[23],"life":[25,36],"expectancies":[26],"gold":[28],"bronze":[30],"medalists":[31,40],"do":[32],"not":[33],"differ":[34],"significantly,":[35],"expectancy":[37],"silver":[39],"is":[41],"about":[42],"2.4":[43],"3.9":[45],"years":[46],"less":[47],"than":[48],"these":[49],"former,":[50],"respectively.":[51],"These":[52],"findings":[53],"are":[54],"readily":[55],"explainable":[56],"insights":[58],"from":[59],"behavioral":[60],"economics,":[61],"psychology,":[62],"human":[64],"biology,":[65],"which":[66],"suggest":[67],"that":[68,79],"(perceived)":[69],"dissatisfactory":[70],"may":[73],"adversely":[74],"affect":[75,80],"health.":[76],"Competition":[77],"socioeconomic":[81],"status":[82],"(SES)":[83],"could,":[84],"therefore,":[85],"play":[86],"an":[87],"important":[88],"causal":[89],"role":[90],"in":[91],"positive":[93],"SES-health":[94],"gradient":[95],"among":[96],"general":[98],"population.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2018-10-26T00:00:00"}
