{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2895839248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2018.2874806","title":"High-Frequency PCB Winding Transformer With Integrated Inductors for a Bi-Directional Resonant Converter","display_name":"High-Frequency PCB Winding Transformer With Integrated Inductors for a Bi-Directional Resonant Converter","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2895839248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2018.2874806","mag":"2895839248"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpel.2018.2874806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2018.2874806","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2018.2874806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29875816","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics","issn_l":"0885-8993","issn":["0885-8993","1941-0107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100654793","display_name":"Bin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1453-7461","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1453-7461"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1453-7461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429981","display_name":"Qiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5378-1424","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5378-1424"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5378-1424","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058527846","display_name":"Fred C. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2902-9451","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2902-9451"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fred C. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2902-9451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5409,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":223,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96824677,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"7","first_page":"6123","last_page":"6135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.0066999997943639755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11444","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Noise Suppression","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar-magnetics","display_name":"planar magnetics","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cllc-resonant-converter","display_name":"CLLC resonant converter","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-integration","display_name":"magnetic integration","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-frequency-power-converters","display_name":"high-frequency converters","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-density","display_name":"power density","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-gap-control","display_name":"air gap control","score":0.6269999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144534570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5325","display_name":"Inductor","level":3,"score":0.7295997142791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.7018575668334961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6438717842102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21881925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503313","display_name":"Power density","level":3,"score":0.622306227684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6144235730171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5035969614982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4824660122394562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.43107542395591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120793396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173350","display_name":"Printed circuit board","level":2,"score":0.42444950342178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29210110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897","display_name":"Inductance","level":3,"score":0.423820823431015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17321440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184909","display_name":"Flyback transformer","level":4,"score":0.42182299494743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3838388919830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14943400025367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1398676037788391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpel.2018.2874806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2018.2874806","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2018.2874806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29875816","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics","issn_l":"0885-8993","issn":["0885-8993","1941-0107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6773999929428101,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5110643024","display_name":"HIGH EFFICIENCY HIGH DENSITY GAN BASED 6.6KW BI-DIRECTIONAL ON-BOARD CHARGER FOR PEVS","funder_award_id":"DEEE0006834","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309646","display_name":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332360","display_name":"Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/02xznz413"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1551072697","https://openalex.org/W1960974053","https://openalex.org/W1970089579","https://openalex.org/W2039086823","https://openalex.org/W2041804496","https://openalex.org/W2060357274","https://openalex.org/W2113890330","https://openalex.org/W2114883930","https://openalex.org/W2124725373","https://openalex.org/W2132415230","https://openalex.org/W2140540762","https://openalex.org/W2146011910","https://openalex.org/W2146501232","https://openalex.org/W2149521553","https://openalex.org/W2169607864","https://openalex.org/W2175620386","https://openalex.org/W2241692425","https://openalex.org/W2316013081","https://openalex.org/W2316623120","https://openalex.org/W2407704873","https://openalex.org/W2461298332","https://openalex.org/W2487136930","https://openalex.org/W2587936572","https://openalex.org/W2591444556","https://openalex.org/W2614162921","https://openalex.org/W2809627267","https://openalex.org/W6733526037"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226062665","https://openalex.org/W2798651458","https://openalex.org/W7018136518","https://openalex.org/W4310621564","https://openalex.org/W4388579650","https://openalex.org/W4409659677","https://openalex.org/W7029028018","https://openalex.org/W4387885889","https://openalex.org/W3080627556","https://openalex.org/W7161819020"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,11],"momentum":[1],"toward":[2],"high":[3],"power":[4,7,18,39,103,169],"density":[5,170],"high-efficiency":[6],"converters":[8,19,40,104],"continues":[9],"unabated.":[10],"key":[12],"to":[13,43,52,91,122,173],"reducing":[14],"the":[15,24,27,31,35,50,63,74,93,100,107,134,143,147,150,153,175,178],"size":[16,101],"of":[17,38,45,95,102,146,152,177],"is":[20,26,105,120,171],"high-frequency":[21],"operation":[22],"and":[23,98,126,166],"bottleneck":[25],"magnetic":[28,96,108,118,183],"components.":[29],"With":[30],"emerging":[32],"widebandgap":[33],"devices,":[34],"switching":[36],"frequency":[37],"increases":[41],"significantly,":[42],"hundreds":[44],"kilohertz,":[46],"which":[47],"provides":[48],"us":[49],"opportunity":[51],"adopt":[53],"printed":[54],"circuit":[55],"board":[56],"(PCB)":[57],"winding":[58,116,181],"planar":[59,67],"magnetics.":[60],"Compared":[61],"with":[62,86,163],"conventional":[64],"litz-wire-based":[65],"magnetics,":[66],"magnetics":[68],"can":[69,137],"not":[70],"only":[71],"effectively":[72],"reduce":[73,92],"converter":[75,161],"size,":[76],"but":[77],"also":[78],"offer":[79],"improved":[80],"reliability":[81],"through":[82,106],"automated":[83],"manufacturing":[84],"process":[85],"repeatable":[87],"parasitics.":[88],"Another":[89],"way":[90],"number":[94],"components":[97],"shrink":[99],"integration.":[109],"In":[110,131],"this":[111,132],"paper,":[112],"a":[113],"novel":[114],"PCB":[115,180],"based":[117,182],"structure":[119],"proposed":[121,179],"integrate":[123],"both":[124],"inductor":[125,135],"transformer":[127],"into":[128],"one":[129],"component.":[130],"structure,":[133],"value":[136],"be":[138],"easily":[139],"controlled":[140],"by":[141],"changing":[142],"cross-sectional":[144],"area":[145],"core":[148],"or":[149],"length":[151],"air":[154],"gap.":[155],"A":[156],"6.6-kW":[157],"500-kHz":[158],"CLLC":[159],"resonant":[160],"prototype":[162],"98%":[164],"efficiency":[165],"130-W/in3(8":[167],"kW/L)":[168],"built":[172],"verify":[174],"feasibility":[176],"structure.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-10-26T00:00:00"}