{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2895036049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204705","title":"Is early silcrete heat treatment a new behavioural proxy in the Middle Stone Age?","display_name":"Is early silcrete heat treatment a new behavioural proxy in the Middle Stone Age?","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2895036049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204705","mag":"2895036049","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30273411","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6166942"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0204705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204705","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204705","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089047056","display_name":"Regine Elisabeth Stolarczyk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125571","display_name":"Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities","ror":"https://ror.org/02dvf9b44","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125571"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Regine E. Stolarczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Eberhard Karls University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","Research Center 'The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans', Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities housed at the University of T\u00fcbingen, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Eberhard Karls University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center 'The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans', Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities housed at the University of T\u00fcbingen, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125571","https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083696598","display_name":"Patrick Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8727-6127","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8727-6127","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6556-2088"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geosciences-Applied Mineralogy, Eberhard Karls University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","Department of Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Eberhard Karls University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8727-6127","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences-Applied Mineralogy, Eberhard Karls University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Eberhard Karls University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083696598"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":1376,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1484},"fwci":9.0132,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97420147,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"10","first_page":"e0204705","last_page":"e0204705"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10421","display_name":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10421","display_name":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13256","display_name":"Archaeology and Rock Art Studies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-stone-age","display_name":"Middle Stone Age","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stone-tool-production","display_name":"stone tool production","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-complexity","display_name":"behavioral complexity","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modern-human-behavior","display_name":"modern human behavior","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-flexibility","display_name":"behavioral flexibility","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-evolution","display_name":"cognitive evolution","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomically-modern-humans","display_name":"anatomically modern humans","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.5329999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6656402349472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197698901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7206","display_name":"Paleoanthropology","level":2,"score":0.6060975790023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776258062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931902","display_name":"Middle Stone Age","level":3,"score":0.5741068124771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47153598070144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4519193470478058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4184202551841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.36451637744903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3420088291168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1965285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8008","display_name":"Earth science","level":1,"score":0.32982349395751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2839851677417755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.24836716055870056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.16446205973625183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.14383170008659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53570757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25546","display_name":"Pleistocene","level":2,"score":0.10670512914657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001106","descriptor_name":"Archaeology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001519","descriptor_name":"Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005390","descriptor_name":"Fires","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006358","descriptor_name":"Hot Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013019","descriptor_name":"South Africa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019015","descriptor_name":"Geologic Sediments","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049690","descriptor_name":"History, Ancient","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055593","descriptor_name":"Geological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0204705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204705","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5138174","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6166942","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6166942","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6166942","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:30273411","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30273411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Historical Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:006d65e5955f4c41a70fcafc57fb35d3","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/006d65e5955f4c41a70fcafc57fb35d3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 10, p e0204705 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0204705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204705","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4559444924","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HA 2744/9-2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G548003424","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SCHM 3275/2-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":93,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69807751","https://openalex.org/W214171171","https://openalex.org/W368454351","https://openalex.org/W383817403","https://openalex.org/W578146292","https://openalex.org/W604540025","https://openalex.org/W806916849","https://openalex.org/W809456745","https://openalex.org/W821279655","https://openalex.org/W1481458114","https://openalex.org/W1528631061","https://openalex.org/W1659958671","https://openalex.org/W1831066724","https://openalex.org/W1835150889","https://openalex.org/W1842508480","https://openalex.org/W1966170492","https://openalex.org/W1967403715","https://openalex.org/W1969792946","https://openalex.org/W1970758266","https://openalex.org/W1972488996","https://openalex.org/W1972539943","https://openalex.org/W1973824023","https://openalex.org/W1977093058","https://openalex.org/W1979543252","https://openalex.org/W1983645854","https://openalex.org/W1984111514","https://openalex.org/W1984505309","https://openalex.org/W1985216875","https://openalex.org/W1993412220","https://openalex.org/W1994321980","https://openalex.org/W1994683922","https://openalex.org/W2000426325","https://openalex.org/W2001605358","https://openalex.org/W2002754007","https://openalex.org/W2004510715","https://openalex.org/W2017086692","https://openalex.org/W2020706664","https://openalex.org/W2021886503","https://openalex.org/W2024501228","https://openalex.org/W2024833496","https://openalex.org/W2024908710","https://openalex.org/W2037694680","https://openalex.org/W2041977819","https://openalex.org/W2042683404","https://openalex.org/W2043840059","https://openalex.org/W2045343869","https://openalex.org/W2053189879","https://openalex.org/W2053995649","https://openalex.org/W2055988656","https://openalex.org/W2062146017","https://openalex.org/W2063850445","https://openalex.org/W2071829805","https://openalex.org/W2078503143","https://openalex.org/W2079998437","https://openalex.org/W2080574282","https://openalex.org/W2081493746","https://openalex.org/W2090169976","https://openalex.org/W2091159142","https://openalex.org/W2091259184","https://openalex.org/W2091672441","https://openalex.org/W2098858953","https://openalex.org/W2102434916","https://openalex.org/W2138077279","https://openalex.org/W2138937769","https://openalex.org/W2146787443","https://openalex.org/W2149212390","https://openalex.org/W2153507061","https://openalex.org/W2165291892","https://openalex.org/W2186927447","https://openalex.org/W2272695096","https://openalex.org/W2314916789","https://openalex.org/W2330349018","https://openalex.org/W2336242743","https://openalex.org/W2341279427","https://openalex.org/W2465254374","https://openalex.org/W2487637867","https://openalex.org/W2490567128","https://openalex.org/W2497471846","https://openalex.org/W2535468063","https://openalex.org/W2578443536","https://openalex.org/W2594522415","https://openalex.org/W2595025113","https://openalex.org/W2623319323","https://openalex.org/W2626315736","https://openalex.org/W2770543418","https://openalex.org/W4230920020","https://openalex.org/W4232248857","https://openalex.org/W4254616449","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6631772368","https://openalex.org/W6643307980","https://openalex.org/W7043554035","https://openalex.org/W7143899953"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392136047","https://openalex.org/W604540025","https://openalex.org/W3196054360","https://openalex.org/W2272695096","https://openalex.org/W2000426325","https://openalex.org/W7162430257","https://openalex.org/W2535468063","https://openalex.org/W7220688382","https://openalex.org/W2336242743","https://openalex.org/W4362453333"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,254],"South":[1,214],"African":[2],"Middle":[3],"Stone":[4],"Age":[5],"(MSA)":[6],"has":[7],"in":[8,28,39,80,158,182,187,203,213,276],"recent":[9],"years":[10],"become":[11],"increasingly":[12],"important":[13,238],"for":[14,31,57,155,165],"our":[15],"understanding":[16,166],"of":[17,20,45,51,60,78,86,92,97,144,194,219,227,251,256,271],"the":[18,32,40,58,68,76,89,115,141,152,170,178,184,188,192,220,225,246,261],"emergence":[19],"'modern":[21],"human":[22],"behaviours'.":[23],"Several":[24],"key":[25],"innovations":[26,47],"appeared":[27],"this":[29,131,211,257],"context":[30],"first":[33],"time,":[34],"significantly":[35,180],"pre-dating":[36],"their":[37,156],"re-invention":[38],"European":[41],"Upper":[42],"Palaeolithic.":[43],"One":[44],"these":[46,108],"was":[48,208,216],"heat":[49,147,231],"treatment":[50,64,148,202,232],"stone":[52,61],"to":[53,73,105,113,120,125],"improve":[54],"its":[55,228],"quality":[56],"production":[59],"tools.":[62],"Heat":[63,201],"may":[65,242],"even":[66,217],"be":[67,235],"oldest":[69],"well-documented":[70],"technique":[71],"used":[72,119,186],"intentionally":[74],"alter":[75],"properties":[77],"materials":[79],"general.":[81],"It":[82],"is":[83],"commonly":[84],"thought":[85],"as":[87,206],"requiring":[88],"skilled":[90],"use":[91],"fire,":[93],"a":[94,135,161],"high":[95],"degree":[96],"planning":[98],"depth":[99],"and":[100,117,122,137,248,268],"complex":[101,222],"cognitive":[102],"abilities.":[103],"However,":[104],"work":[106],"on":[107,169,245],"fundamental":[109],"concepts":[110],"we":[111,123,133],"need":[112,124],"analyse":[114],"techniques":[116,179,185,223],"procedures":[118,149],"heat-treat":[121],"understand":[126],"what":[127],"they":[128],"imply.":[129],"In":[130],"paper,":[132],"present":[134],"direct":[136],"expedient":[138],"comparison":[139],"between":[140],"technical":[142],"complexities":[143,195],"four":[145],"alternative":[146],"by":[150,260],"coding":[151],"behaviours":[153],"required":[154],"set-up":[157],"so-called":[159],"cognigrams,":[160],"relatively":[162],"new":[163],"method":[164],"complexity":[167],"based":[168],"problem-solution":[171],"distance.":[172],"Our":[173],"results":[174],"show":[175],"that":[176,241],"although":[177],"differ":[181],"complexity,":[183],"MSA":[189,199],"fall":[190],"within":[191],"range":[193],"known":[196],"from":[197],"other":[198],"techniques.":[200],"above-ground":[204],"fires,":[205],"it":[207],"practised":[209],"during":[210],"period":[212],"Africa,":[215],"one":[218],"most":[221],"at":[224],"time":[226],"invention.":[229],"Early":[230],"can":[233],"therefore":[234],"considered":[236],"an":[237],"behavioural":[239],"proxy":[240],"shed":[243],"light":[244],"behaviour":[247],"socioeconomic":[249],"structure":[250],"past":[252],"groups.":[253],"implications":[255],"are":[258],"highlighted":[259],"ongoing":[262],"debate":[263],"about":[264],"'modernity',":[265],"'behavioural":[266],"flexibility'":[267],"'complex":[269],"cognition'":[270],"early":[272],"anatomically":[273],"modern":[274],"humans":[275],"Africa.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2018-10-12T00:00:00"}
