{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2894490","doi":null,"title":"Circadian rhythms in reward and underlying neural circuits","display_name":"Circadian rhythms in reward and underlying neural circuits","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2894490","mag":"2894490"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:etd-2453","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1172","pdf_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1172","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1172","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047671851","display_name":"Ricardo M. Baltazar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo M. Baltazar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047671851"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00038588,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10342","display_name":"Circadian rhythm and melatonin","score":0.8438000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10342","display_name":"Circadian rhythm and melatonin","score":0.8438000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.15209999680519104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10985","display_name":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circadian-rhythm","display_name":"circadian rhythm","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reward","display_name":"reward","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diurnal-cycle","display_name":"diurnal cycle","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesolimbic-dopamine-system","display_name":"mesolimbic dopamine system","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleus-accumbens","display_name":"nucleus accumbens","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ventral-tegmental-area","display_name":"ventral tegmental area","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medial-prefrontal-cortex","display_name":"medial prefrontal cortex","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mating-behavior","display_name":"mating behavior","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-fos-expression","display_name":"Fos expression","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-genes","display_name":"clock genes","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuronal-activation","display_name":"neuronal activation","score":0.3529999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780948874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640562","display_name":"Ventral tegmental area","level":4,"score":0.8427274227142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776552330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476178","display_name":"Nucleus accumbens","level":3,"score":0.8048340678215027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121446783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208353","display_name":"Circadian rhythm","level":2,"score":0.7639925479888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.7355312705039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777193897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179452","display_name":"Amphetamine","level":3,"score":0.6777215003967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18680","display_name":"Prefrontal cortex","level":3,"score":0.535810112953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135343436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170406","display_name":"Rhythm","level":2,"score":0.5343249440193176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137183658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461076","display_name":"Dopaminergic","level":3,"score":0.5165171027183533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143661069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670713","display_name":"Reward system","level":2,"score":0.5081567764282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779064383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15323251","display_name":"PER2","level":5,"score":0.4333057403564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.4312952756881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4288095533847809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38606739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5121352","display_name":"Circadian clock","level":3,"score":0.35035279393196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.33275747299194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184738001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14908739","display_name":"CLOCK","level":4,"score":0.3308337926864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14679878950119019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:etd-2453","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1172","pdf_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1172","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uwo.scholaris.ca:20.500.14721/37709","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14721/37709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"thesis"},{"id":"mag:2894490","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2453&context=etd","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:etd-2453","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1172","pdf_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1172","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2894490.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2894490.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":138,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16776597","https://openalex.org/W1210117978","https://openalex.org/W1566743778","https://openalex.org/W1570961631","https://openalex.org/W1579518684","https://openalex.org/W1584917605","https://openalex.org/W1812220552","https://openalex.org/W1820118415","https://openalex.org/W1913760354","https://openalex.org/W1922497758","https://openalex.org/W1941928119","https://openalex.org/W1942962897","https://openalex.org/W1964759272","https://openalex.org/W1966793802","https://openalex.org/W1968147041","https://openalex.org/W1971690948","https://openalex.org/W1973103323","https://openalex.org/W1973747047","https://openalex.org/W1973806028","https://openalex.org/W1974400595","https://openalex.org/W1975792359","https://openalex.org/W1980321165","https://openalex.org/W1980571433","https://openalex.org/W1980957689","https://openalex.org/W1982992516","https://openalex.org/W1983771548","https://openalex.org/W1984095538","https://openalex.org/W1985779068","https://openalex.org/W1986962076","https://openalex.org/W1987208323","https://openalex.org/W1989965906","https://openalex.org/W1989993438","https://openalex.org/W1992646783","https://openalex.org/W1996056872","https://openalex.org/W1996244586","https://openalex.org/W1996527248","https://openalex.org/W1998352623","https://openalex.org/W1999667319","https://openalex.org/W1999888530","https://openalex.org/W2000123198","https://openalex.org/W2000736456","https://openalex.org/W2003302378","https://openalex.org/W2005168728","https://openalex.org/W2007345538","https://openalex.org/W2007445776","https://openalex.org/W2008360236","https://openalex.org/W2009674202","https://openalex.org/W2014313900","https://openalex.org/W2015368135","https://openalex.org/W2016100219","https://openalex.org/W2020286809","https://openalex.org/W2021486009","https://openalex.org/W2022402243","https://openalex.org/W2026077970","https://openalex.org/W2026562518","https://openalex.org/W2028820829","https://openalex.org/W2030687244","https://openalex.org/W2031038825","https://openalex.org/W2033799348","https://openalex.org/W2033908258","https://openalex.org/W2033975383","https://openalex.org/W2034928212","https://openalex.org/W2035809873","https://openalex.org/W2036402112","https://openalex.org/W2036614232","https://openalex.org/W2036792219","https://openalex.org/W2037457092","https://openalex.org/W2038284470","https://openalex.org/W2040527392","https://openalex.org/W2041111390","https://openalex.org/W2041549838","https://openalex.org/W2046184823","https://openalex.org/W2046577583","https://openalex.org/W2046603635","https://openalex.org/W2046921136","https://openalex.org/W2049239447","https://openalex.org/W2050193254","https://openalex.org/W2053994776","https://openalex.org/W2057080091","https://openalex.org/W2057787317","https://openalex.org/W2059115988","https://openalex.org/W2060550584","https://openalex.org/W2067290189","https://openalex.org/W2070530252","https://openalex.org/W2073209134","https://openalex.org/W2073651023","https://openalex.org/W2073861307","https://openalex.org/W2074617349","https://openalex.org/W2077429722","https://openalex.org/W2078689239","https://openalex.org/W2078747001","https://openalex.org/W2081557514","https://openalex.org/W2087946799","https://openalex.org/W2091800642","https://openalex.org/W2095118239","https://openalex.org/W2095351701","https://openalex.org/W2095849459","https://openalex.org/W2100743305","https://openalex.org/W2103481653","https://openalex.org/W2103848983","https://openalex.org/W2104011097","https://openalex.org/W2104703779","https://openalex.org/W2107525024","https://openalex.org/W2108264967","https://openalex.org/W2110119927","https://openalex.org/W2111275433","https://openalex.org/W2113086827","https://openalex.org/W2114537245","https://openalex.org/W2116624325","https://openalex.org/W2117480181","https://openalex.org/W2120711366","https://openalex.org/W2122592499","https://openalex.org/W2126268875","https://openalex.org/W2127617657","https://openalex.org/W2127946577","https://openalex.org/W2128245080","https://openalex.org/W2128312680","https://openalex.org/W2129357751","https://openalex.org/W2130510681","https://openalex.org/W2137474047","https://openalex.org/W2142478420","https://openalex.org/W2143210222","https://openalex.org/W2144249632","https://openalex.org/W2148398483","https://openalex.org/W2151137320","https://openalex.org/W2151189356","https://openalex.org/W2165398609","https://openalex.org/W2167027322","https://openalex.org/W2167420848","https://openalex.org/W2169014479","https://openalex.org/W2169772023","https://openalex.org/W2169938627","https://openalex.org/W2171987407","https://openalex.org/W2175913266","https://openalex.org/W2176421987","https://openalex.org/W2418497190","https://openalex.org/W4407040898","https://openalex.org/W7096813810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025431001","https://openalex.org/W2074954695","https://openalex.org/W2020286809","https://openalex.org/W3165915367","https://openalex.org/W1996118505","https://openalex.org/W7155516619","https://openalex.org/W3016436694","https://openalex.org/W2735905606","https://openalex.org/W4283331627","https://openalex.org/W2000253582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Studies":[0],"suggest":[1],"that":[2,137,222,237],"the":[3,19,32,51,67,73,76,80,89,109,119,134,152,181,186,189,216,238],"circadian":[4,123],"timing":[5,147],"system":[6],"exerts":[7],"an":[8,213],"important":[9],"influence":[10],"on":[11,168,196],"responses":[12],"to":[13,156],"rewarding":[14,20],"stimuli.":[15],"Diurnal":[16],"rhythms":[17,138,170,224,233],"in":[18,31,39,45,49,63,75,82,97,118,133,139,171,183,185,202,234,244],"value":[21],"of":[22,34,69,88,91,125,129,163,225],"amphetamine":[23,83,175,203],"and":[24,55,103,151,174,210,236],"mating":[25],"behavior":[26],"were":[27,41,177,205],"observed,":[28],"but":[29,192],"differed":[30],"pattern":[33],"their":[35],"timing.":[36],"Daily":[37],"fluctuations":[38],"reward":[40,176,204,235],"correlated":[42],"with":[43,60,66,79,105],"oscillations":[44,132],"mesolimbic":[46,140,226],"dopaminergic":[47],"activity":[48,141,227],"both":[50],"nucleus":[52],"accumbens":[53],"(NAc)":[54],"ventral":[56],"tegmental":[57],"area":[58],"(VTA),":[59],"a":[61,146,158,241],"peak":[62,68,74,81,106,182],"NAc":[64],"coinciding":[65],"sex":[70],"reward,":[71],"while":[72],"VTA":[77,135,197],"associated":[78],"reward.":[84,126],"Also,":[85],"rhythmic":[86],"expression":[87,107,115],"marker":[90],"neural":[92,172],"activation,":[93],"cFos,":[94],"was":[95,116,154],"observed":[96,117],"NAc,":[98,120,187],"medial":[99],"prefrontal":[100],"cortex":[101],"(mPFC),":[102],"VTA,":[104],"during":[108],"late":[110],"night.":[111],"Rhythmic":[112],"clock":[113,130],"protein":[114],"suggesting":[121],"intrinsic":[122],"regulation":[124],"However,":[127],"absence":[128],"gene":[131],"suggests":[136],"are":[142],"also":[143],"driven":[144],"by":[145,207],"signal":[148],"originating":[149],"elsewhere;":[150],"mPFC":[153,164,208,239],"hypothesized":[155],"be":[157,229],"key":[159],"mediator.":[160],"The":[161],"effects":[162],"lesions":[165,209],"or":[166],"inactivation":[167],"diurnal":[169,190,223,247],"activation":[173],"determined.":[178],"Lesions":[179],"attenuated":[180],"cFos-IR":[184],"eliminating":[188],"rhythm,":[191],"had":[193],"no":[194],"effect":[195],"rhythms.":[198],"Moreover,":[199],"daily":[200],"differences":[201],"eliminated":[206],"inactivation,":[211],"via":[212],"increase":[214],"at":[215],"nadir.":[217],"Together,":[218],"these":[219],"results":[220],"indicate":[221],"may":[228],"functionally":[230],"relevant":[231],"for":[232],"plays":[240],"critical":[242],"role":[243],"mediating":[245],"such":[246],"fluctuations.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}