{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2894489064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-0476","title":"The Association of Severe Diabetic Retinopathy With Cardiovascular Outcomes in Long-standing Type 1 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Follow-up","display_name":"The Association of Severe Diabetic Retinopathy With Cardiovascular Outcomes in Long-standing Type 1 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Follow-up","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2894489064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-0476","mag":"2894489064","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30257963","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6973548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2337/dc18-0476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-0476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-0476","pdf_url":"https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/41/12/2487.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49878492","display_name":"Diabetes Care","issn_l":"0149-5992","issn":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320274","host_organization_name":"American Diabetes Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320274"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Diabetes Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/41/12/2487.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063419523","display_name":"Dra\u017eenka Pongrac Barlovi\u010d","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1975-0816","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1975-0816"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","display_name":"University of Ljubljana","ror":"https://ror.org/05njb9z20","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801323708","display_name":"Ljubljana University Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01nr6fy72","country_code":"SI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801323708"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Drazenka Pongrac Barlovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia","University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1975-0816","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801323708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054730127","display_name":"Valma Harjutsalo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-9779","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-9779"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800394112","display_name":"Helsinki University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02e8hzf44","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800394112","https://openalex.org/I4210166427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39624965","display_name":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare","ror":"https://ror.org/03tf0c761","country_code":"FI","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39624965"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165462","display_name":"Folkh\u00e4lsans Forskningscentrum","ror":"https://ror.org/05xznzw56","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165462"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valma Harjutsalo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland","Diabetes and Obesity, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","Folkh\u00e4lsan Institute of Genetics, Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland","The Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-9779","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I2800394112"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diabetes and Obesity, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Folkh\u00e4lsan Institute of Genetics, Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165462"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39624965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042988161","display_name":"Daniel Gordin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1494-8292","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1494-8292"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293231726","display_name":"Joslin Diabetes Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0280a3n32","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293231726"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800394112","display_name":"Helsinki University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02e8hzf44","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800394112","https://openalex.org/I4210166427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165462","display_name":"Folkh\u00e4lsans Forskningscentrum","ror":"https://ror.org/05xznzw56","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165462"]}],"countries":["FI","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Gordin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland","Diabetes and Obesity, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","Folkh\u00e4lsan Institute of Genetics, Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland","Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I2800394112"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diabetes and Obesity, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Folkh\u00e4lsan Institute of Genetics, Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165462"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293231726","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071488239","display_name":"Milla Kallio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-5202","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-5202"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800394112","display_name":"Helsinki University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02e8hzf44","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800394112","https://openalex.org/I4210166427"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milla Kallio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Vascular Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800394112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023546213","display_name":"Carol M. Forsblom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3354-7454","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3354-7454"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800394112","display_name":"Helsinki University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02e8hzf44","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800394112","https://openalex.org/I4210166427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165462","display_name":"Folkh\u00e4lsans Forskningscentrum","ror":"https://ror.org/05xznzw56","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165462"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol Forsblom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland","Diabetes and Obesity, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","Folkh\u00e4lsan Institute of Genetics, Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I2800394112"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diabetes and Obesity, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Folkh\u00e4lsan Institute of Genetics, Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165462"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009528569","display_name":"George Liang King","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0335-5881","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0335-5881"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293231726","display_name":"Joslin Diabetes Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0280a3n32","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293231726"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George King","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0335-5881","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293231726","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025610737","display_name":"Per\u2010Henrik Groop","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4055-6954","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4055-6954"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800394112","display_name":"Helsinki University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02e8hzf44","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800394112","https://openalex.org/I4210166427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165462","display_name":"Folkh\u00e4lsans Forskningscentrum","ror":"https://ror.org/05xznzw56","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165462"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU","FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Per-Henrik Groop","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland","Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia","Diabetes and Obesity, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","Folkh\u00e4lsan Institute of Genetics, Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4055-6954","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I2800394112"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diabetes and Obesity, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Folkh\u00e4lsan Institute of Genetics, Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165462"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025610737"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I2800394112","https://openalex.org/I4210165462","https://openalex.org/I56590836"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4622,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94655157,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"12","first_page":"2487","last_page":"2494"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.8065999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.8065999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.11010000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.054499998688697815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"severe diabetic retinopathy","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-1-diabetes","display_name":"type 1 diabetes","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease","display_name":"cardiovascular disease","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-nephropathy","display_name":"diabetic nephropathy","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peripheral-arterial-disease","display_name":"peripheral arterial disease","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-artery-disease","display_name":"coronary artery disease","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"stroke","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microvascular-complications","display_name":"microvascular complications","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-photocoagulation","display_name":"laser photocoagulation","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimated-glomerular-filtration-rate","display_name":"estimated glomerular filtration rate","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk-factors","display_name":"cardiovascular risk factors","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-standing-diabetes","display_name":"long-standing diabetes","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-specific-risk","display_name":"age-specific risk","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences-in-cardiovascular-risk","display_name":"sex differences in cardiovascular risk","score":0.5929999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9562285542488098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.7158375978469849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6405326128005981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.606974720954895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.6015217900276184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.5472365021705627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778313320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550455","display_name":"Retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.5055370330810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.49413278698921204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781184683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Nephropathy","level":3,"score":0.4682188034057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.45318692922592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.43372824788093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.42155230045318604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.27519917488098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.1722675859928131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003327","descriptor_name":"Coronary Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003327","descriptor_name":"Coronary Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003327","descriptor_name":"Coronary Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003925","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Angiopathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003925","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Angiopathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003928","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Nephropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003928","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Nephropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005387","descriptor_name":"Finland","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005500","descriptor_name":"Follow-Up Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2337/dc18-0476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-0476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-0476","pdf_url":"https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/41/12/2487.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49878492","display_name":"Diabetes Care","issn_l":"0149-5992","issn":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320274","host_organization_name":"American Diabetes Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320274"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Diabetes Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5924936","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6973548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6973548","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6973548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes Care","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:30257963","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30257963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes care","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.julkari.fi:10024/137232","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.julkari.fi/handle/10024/137232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402058","display_name":"STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WOS","raw_type":"A1"},{"id":"mag:2902494266","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.julkari.fi/handle/10024/137232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306534972","display_name":"WOS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WOS","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2337/dc18-0476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-0476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-0476","pdf_url":"https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/41/12/2487.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49878492","display_name":"Diabetes Care","issn_l":"0149-5992","issn":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320274","host_organization_name":"American Diabetes Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320274"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Diabetes Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000868266","display_name":"Diabetes Research Center","funder_award_id":"P30DK036836","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307758","display_name":"Eli Lilly and Company","ror":"https://ror.org/01qat3289"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307770","display_name":"AstraZeneca","ror":"https://ror.org/04r9x1a08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307781","display_name":"Sanofi","ror":"https://ror.org/027vj4x92"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311794","display_name":"Wilhelm och Else Stockmanns Stiftelse","ror":"https://ror.org/02e6tmy71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316024","display_name":"Folkh\u00e4lsanin Tutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","ror":"https://ror.org/01xjctg43"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317611","display_name":"Fondazione Diabete Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/007854277"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320870","display_name":"European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes","ror":"https://ror.org/05tgz4m05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322436","display_name":"Novo Nordisk","ror":"https://ror.org/0435rc536"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322456","display_name":"P\u00e4ivikki ja Sakari Sohlbergin S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","ror":"https://ror.org/03bj5da63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322905","display_name":"Samfundet Folkh\u00e4lsan","ror":"https://ror.org/05xznzw56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325957","display_name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","ror":"https://ror.org/04txyc737"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327235","display_name":"Servier","ror":"https://ror.org/034e7c066"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2894489064.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2894489064.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983392829","https://openalex.org/W1995904975","https://openalex.org/W1998046077","https://openalex.org/W2000890755","https://openalex.org/W2002131026","https://openalex.org/W2004377462","https://openalex.org/W2006951150","https://openalex.org/W2009007416","https://openalex.org/W2013093313","https://openalex.org/W2019720369","https://openalex.org/W2025040963","https://openalex.org/W2033428406","https://openalex.org/W2033964057","https://openalex.org/W2046589550","https://openalex.org/W2050068253","https://openalex.org/W2084626868","https://openalex.org/W2096547125","https://openalex.org/W2098241352","https://openalex.org/W2101457616","https://openalex.org/W2114309369","https://openalex.org/W2127347450","https://openalex.org/W2145578924","https://openalex.org/W2147340550","https://openalex.org/W2148092884","https://openalex.org/W2152803102","https://openalex.org/W2153725122","https://openalex.org/W2155965977","https://openalex.org/W2162869854","https://openalex.org/W2171367439","https://openalex.org/W2330064162","https://openalex.org/W2332884846","https://openalex.org/W2335631045","https://openalex.org/W2342082528","https://openalex.org/W2346630656","https://openalex.org/W2405585158","https://openalex.org/W2412931548","https://openalex.org/W2416937507","https://openalex.org/W2497289187","https://openalex.org/W2531256306","https://openalex.org/W2560134878","https://openalex.org/W2565726191","https://openalex.org/W2607031541","https://openalex.org/W2610393221","https://openalex.org/W2790513395","https://openalex.org/W2963906462","https://openalex.org/W2979888955","https://openalex.org/W2988815676"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2917909221","https://openalex.org/W2790513395","https://openalex.org/W4391747181","https://openalex.org/W2809168033","https://openalex.org/W4410251421","https://openalex.org/W4307805260","https://openalex.org/W2979888955","https://openalex.org/W2415437806","https://openalex.org/W2033964057","https://openalex.org/W4411292849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE":[0],"It":[1],"is":[2],"well":[3],"established":[4],"that":[5,229],"diabetic":[6,18,89],"nephropathy":[7],"increases":[8,254],"the":[9,71,86,143,149,191,215,225,231,243,279,290],"risk":[10,23,150,192,217,226,264,293],"of":[11,36,65,88,134,145,151,179,193,230,261],"cardiovascular":[12,255,263,292],"disease":[13,43,47,91],"(CVD),":[14],"but":[15,207],"how":[16],"severe":[17],"retinopathy":[19],"(SDR)":[20],"impacts":[21],"this":[22],"has":[24],"yet":[25],"to":[26,85,273,276],"be":[27,274],"determined.":[28],"RESEARCH":[29],"DESIGN":[30],"AND":[31],"METHODS":[32],"The":[33,77],"cumulative":[34],"incidence":[35],"various":[37],"CVD":[38,138,153,216],"events,":[39],"including":[40],"coronary":[41],"heart":[42],"(CHD),":[44],"peripheral":[45],"artery":[46],"(PAD),":[48],"and":[49,98,120,181,200,283],"stroke,":[50],"retrieved":[51],"from":[52,70],"registries,":[53],"was":[54,115,188,227],"evaluated":[55],"in":[56,142,237,266],"1,683":[57],"individuals":[58,78],"with":[59,108,190,209],"at":[60,100,169],"least":[61],"a":[62],"30-year":[63],"duration":[64],"type":[66,268],"1":[67,269],"diabetes":[68,166,170,235],"drawn":[69],"Finnish":[72],"Diabetic":[73],"Nephropathy":[74],"Study":[75],"(FinnDiane).":[76],"were":[79,106],"divided":[80],"into":[81],"four":[82],"groups":[83],"according":[84],"presence":[87],"kidney":[90],"(DKD)":[92],"and/or":[93],"SDR":[94,114,147,186,249,282],"(+DKD/+SDR,":[95],"+DKD/\u2212SDR,":[96],"\u2212DKD/+SDR,":[97],"\u2212DKD/\u2212SDR)":[99],"baseline":[101],"visit.":[102],"Furthermore,":[103],"age-specific":[104],"incidences":[105],"compared":[107],"4,016":[109],"control":[110,232],"subjects":[111,233],"without":[112,234,239,252],"diabetes.":[113,270],"defined":[116],"as":[117,122],"laser":[118],"photocoagulation":[119],"DKD":[121,213],"estimated":[123],"glomerular":[124],"filtration":[125],"rate":[126],"<60":[127],"mL/min/1.73":[128],"m2.":[129],"RESULTS":[130],"During":[131],"12,872":[132],"person-years":[133],"follow-up,":[135],"416":[136],"incident":[137],"events":[139],"occurred.":[140],"Even":[141],"absence":[144],"DKD,":[146,253],"increased":[148,214],"any":[152,210],"(hazard":[154],"ratio":[155],"1.46":[156],"[95%":[157],"CI":[158],"1.11\u20131.92];":[159],"P":[160,197,204,221],"<":[161,198,205,222],"0.01),":[162],"after":[163],"adjustment":[164],"for":[165,258],"duration,":[167],"age":[168],"onset,":[171],"sex,":[172],"smoking,":[173],"blood":[174],"pressure,":[175],"waist-to-hip":[176],"ratio,":[177],"history":[178],"hypoglycemia,":[180],"serum":[182],"lipids.":[183],"In":[184],"particular,":[185],"alone":[187],"associated":[189],"PAD":[194],"(1.90":[195],"[1.13\u20133.17];":[196],"0.05)":[199,206],"CHD":[201],"(1.50":[202],"[1.09\u20132.07;":[203],"not":[208],"stroke.":[211],"Moreover,":[212],"further":[218],"(2.85":[219],"[2.13\u20133.81];":[220],"0.001).":[223],"However,":[224],"above":[228],"also":[236],"patients":[238,244],"microvascular":[240],"complications,":[241],"until":[242],"reached":[245],"their":[246],"seventies.":[247],"CONCLUSIONS":[248],"alone,":[250],"even":[251],"risk,":[256],"particularly":[257],"PAD,":[259],"independently":[260],"common":[262],"factors":[265],"long-standing":[267],"More":[271],"remains":[272],"done":[275],"fully":[277],"understand":[278],"link":[280],"between":[281],"CVD.":[284],"This":[285],"knowledge":[286],"could":[287],"help":[288],"combat":[289],"enhanced":[291],"beyond":[294],"currently":[295],"available":[296],"regimens.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2018-10-05T00:00:00"}
