{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2894184249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15406/hij.2018.02.00059","title":"Use of cattle manure, calcium ammonium nitrate and diammonium phosphate in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) production increases fruit quality and maximize small holder farmers net returns and profits","display_name":"Use of cattle manure, calcium ammonium nitrate and diammonium phosphate in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) production increases fruit quality and maximize small holder farmers net returns and profits","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2894184249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15406/hij.2018.02.00059","mag":"2894184249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.15406/hij.2018.02.00059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15406/hij.2018.02.00059","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15406/hij.2018.02.00059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204268","display_name":"Horticulture International Journal","issn_l":"2576-4462","issn":["2576-4462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320093","host_organization_name":"MedCrave Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320093"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["MedCrave Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Horticulture International Journal\u00a0","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056365106","display_name":"Bernard Mainga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I279922783","display_name":"Pwani University","ror":"https://ror.org/02952pd71","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I279922783"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernard Mainga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bernard Mainga  Department of Crop Sciences  Pwani University  P O  Box            Kilifi  Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bernard Mainga  Department of Crop Sciences  Pwani University  P O  Box            Kilifi  Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I279922783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110617612","display_name":"Hemedi Mkuzi Saha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I279922783","display_name":"Pwani University","ror":"https://ror.org/02952pd71","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I279922783"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hemedi Mkuzi Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bernard Mainga  Department of Crop Sciences  Pwani University  P O  Box            Kilifi  Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bernard Mainga  Department of Crop Sciences  Pwani University  P O  Box            Kilifi  Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I279922783"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032616920","display_name":"James Kyalo Mwololo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5160-0178","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5160-0178"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I279922783","display_name":"Pwani University","ror":"https://ror.org/02952pd71","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I279922783"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Kyalo Mwololo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bernard Mainga  Department of Crop Sciences  Pwani University  P O  Box            Kilifi  Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bernard Mainga  Department of Crop Sciences  Pwani University  P O  Box            Kilifi  Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I279922783"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I279922783"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2136,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5595991,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":0.009399999864399433,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13246","display_name":"Agriculture, Plant Science, Crop Management","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermelon","display_name":"watermelon","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cattle-manure","display_name":"cattle manure","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-ammonium-nitrate","display_name":"calcium ammonium nitrate","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diammonium-phosphate","display_name":"diammonium phosphate","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-fertilizer","display_name":"organic fertilizer","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-fertilizers","display_name":"mineral fertilizers","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-quality","display_name":"fruit quality","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-firmness","display_name":"fruit firmness","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rind-thickness","display_name":"rind thickness","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soluble-solids-content","display_name":"soluble solids","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benefit-cost-ratio","display_name":"benefit-cost ratio","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farmers","display_name":"smallholder farmers","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net-returns","display_name":"net returns","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-fertility","display_name":"soil fertility","score":0.7390000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776899970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418889","display_name":"Diammonium phosphate","level":3,"score":0.8953503370285034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779004935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17507129","display_name":"Citrullus lanatus","level":2,"score":0.8033528327941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780499131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407392","display_name":"Calcium nitrate","level":3,"score":0.6148564219474792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776617377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182329","display_name":"Ammonium nitrate","level":2,"score":0.573843777179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779870022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190901","display_name":"Ammonium","level":2,"score":0.44636037945747375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776384668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182168","display_name":"Nitrate","level":2,"score":0.44453370571136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.41355812549591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.4042685627937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.3527272343635559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.33035874366760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3035394549369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519063684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q706","display_name":"Calcium","level":2,"score":0.2887234091758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2567366361618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.17044812440872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.14940720796585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.15406/hij.2018.02.00059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15406/hij.2018.02.00059","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15406/hij.2018.02.00059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204268","display_name":"Horticulture International Journal","issn_l":"2576-4462","issn":["2576-4462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320093","host_organization_name":"MedCrave Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320093"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["MedCrave Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Horticulture International Journal\u00a0","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":1.0,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593109210","https://openalex.org/W1968808560","https://openalex.org/W2051009537","https://openalex.org/W2093216935","https://openalex.org/W2110300118","https://openalex.org/W2151155286","https://openalex.org/W2265624691","https://openalex.org/W2591530957","https://openalex.org/W2763124316","https://openalex.org/W2994676573"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2220358764","https://openalex.org/W1939429962","https://openalex.org/W4289878995","https://openalex.org/W3202827241","https://openalex.org/W2359571089","https://openalex.org/W4401972987","https://openalex.org/W2082814724","https://openalex.org/W7220619988","https://openalex.org/W1974713867","https://openalex.org/W3012763049"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Watermelon":[0],"Citrullus":[1],"lanatus":[2],"Thunb":[3],"Matsum":[4],"amp":[5],"Nakai":[6],"is":[7,21],"a":[8,53,108],"high":[9],"value":[10],"vegetable":[11],"crop":[12],"that":[13,209,281],"has":[14],"gained":[15],"importance":[16],"in":[17,69,100,115],"Kenya":[18],"Its":[19],"production":[20],"constrained":[22],"by":[23,189],"low":[24,35,42],"soil":[25],"fertility":[26],"and":[27,37,41,80,87,129,137,140,155,173,179,186,220,226,233,252,260,276,284,293,304],"improper":[28],"use":[29],"of":[30,76,93,112,135,169,183,205,223,238,248,257,269,271,290],"inorganic":[31,81,174,224,285],"fertilizers":[32,82,132,175,229,286],"leading":[33],"to":[34,72,165,181,219,228,240,299],"yield":[36],"poor":[38],"quality":[39,92,211,232,256,289],"fruit":[40,150,152,210],"incomes":[43],"amongst":[44],"watermelon":[45,94,239,258,291,295],"small":[46,296],"farmer":[47],"holders":[48],"To":[49],"address":[50],"this":[51,206],"problem":[52],"study":[54,96,207],"was":[55,97,107,163,177,212],"conducted":[56,164],"for":[57,101],"two":[58,102,124],"seasons":[59,103],"at":[60,197],"Kwale":[61,70],"prison":[62],"rsquo":[63,191],"s":[64,192],"farm":[65],"Matuga":[66],"Sub":[67],"county":[68],"County":[71],"determine":[73],"the":[74,167,246,255,261,288],"effects":[75],"organic":[77,172,216],"cattle":[78,217,272,282],"manure":[79,128,218,241,273,283],"Calcium":[83],"ammonium":[84],"nitrate":[85],"CAN":[86,136,225,251],"diammonium":[88],"phosphate":[89],"DAP":[90,138,227,253],"on":[91,245],"The":[95,104,123,146,203,278],"carried":[98],"out":[99],"experimental":[105],"design":[106,119],"x":[109],"factorial":[110],"arrangement":[111],"treatments":[113],"embedded":[114],"randomized":[116],"complete":[117],"block":[118],"with":[120,214,250,266,274],"three":[121,133],"replications":[122],"factors":[125],"were":[126,139,149,243],"Cattle":[127],"tha":[130],"Inorganic":[131],"combinations":[134],"kgN":[141],"P":[142],"O":[143],"ha":[144],"nbsp":[145,306],"parameters":[147],"studied":[148],"firmness":[151],"rind":[153],"thickness":[154],"total":[156],"soluble":[157],"solids":[158],"Benefit":[159],"cost":[160,235,263],"ratio":[161,236,264],"analysis":[162,182],"assess":[166],"profitability":[168],"using":[170,200],"both":[171],"Data":[176],"collected":[178],"subjected":[180],"variance":[184],"ANOVA":[185],"means":[187],"separated":[188],"Tukey":[190],"honestly":[193],"significant":[194],"difference":[195],"HSD":[196],"p":[198],"le":[199],"SAS":[201],"version":[202],"results":[204],"showed":[208],"enhanced":[213],"increasing":[215,221,267],"level":[222,247,268],"dosage":[230],"Fruity":[231],"benefit":[234,262],"responses":[237],"application":[242],"dependent":[244],"supplementation":[249,270],"Generally":[254],"fruits":[259,292],"improved":[265],"nitrogen":[275],"phosphorus":[277],"findings":[279],"suggest":[280],"improve":[287],"enable":[294],"holder":[297],"farmers":[298],"maximize":[300],"their":[301],"net":[302],"returns":[303],"profits":[305]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2018-10-05T00:00:00"}