{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2893772103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14163","title":"Glial mechanisms underlying substance use disorders","display_name":"Glial mechanisms underlying substance use disorders","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2893772103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14163","mag":"2893772103","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30240518","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6428630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/ejn.14163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171130801","display_name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","issn_l":"0953-816X","issn":["0953-816X","1460-9568"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6428630","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073788721","display_name":"Kay E. Linker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8825-6187","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8825-6187"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. E. Linker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8825-6187","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063597660","display_name":"Sarah J. Cross","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6246-3815","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6246-3815"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. J. Cross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111859344","display_name":"F.M. Leslie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. M. Leslie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073788721"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"],"apc_list":{"value":3560,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3560},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6631,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57712766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"3","first_page":"2574","last_page":"2589"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.8544999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.8544999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.07819999754428864,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.04729999974370003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glial-cells","display_name":"glial cells","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substance-use-disorders","display_name":"substance use disorders","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/addiction","display_name":"addiction","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microglia","display_name":"microglia","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrocytes","display_name":"astrocytes","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glia-neuron-communication","display_name":"glia-neuron communication","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tlr4","display_name":"TLR4","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-reward","display_name":"drug reward","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dopamine-release","display_name":"dopamine release","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-abuse-liability","display_name":"drug abuse liability","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glial-activation","display_name":"glial activation","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-plasticity","display_name":"synaptic plasticity","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurotransmission","display_name":"neurotransmission","score":0.4569999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991912374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q400711","display_name":"Substance use","level":2,"score":0.6089420318603516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5396392941474915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5190768837928772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3637029528617859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.31698837876319885}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001253","descriptor_name":"Astrocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001253","descriptor_name":"Astrocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001253","descriptor_name":"Astrocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009457","descriptor_name":"Neuroglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009457","descriptor_name":"Neuroglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009457","descriptor_name":"Neuroglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013287","descriptor_name":"Illicit Drugs","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017628","descriptor_name":"Microglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017628","descriptor_name":"Microglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017628","descriptor_name":"Microglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051197","descriptor_name":"Toll-Like Receptor 4","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051197","descriptor_name":"Toll-Like Receptor 4","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/ejn.14163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171130801","display_name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","issn_l":"0953-816X","issn":["0953-816X","1460-9568"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30240518","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30240518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The European journal of neuroscience","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6428630","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6428630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Eur J Neurosci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6pr200wn","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6pr200wn","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Neuroscience, vol 50, iss 3","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6428630","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6428630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Eur J Neurosci","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7944619708","display_name":"The role of non-nicotine tobacco smoke constituents in withdrawal and craving","funder_award_id":"R01DA040440","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":181,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16776597","https://openalex.org/W136985941","https://openalex.org/W194382435","https://openalex.org/W324306875","https://openalex.org/W1510797412","https://openalex.org/W1548862642","https://openalex.org/W1558102000","https://openalex.org/W1562313142","https://openalex.org/W1567339226","https://openalex.org/W1575576947","https://openalex.org/W1593159418","https://openalex.org/W1594747697","https://openalex.org/W1656741156","https://openalex.org/W1848006821","https://openalex.org/W1918713759","https://openalex.org/W1963790626","https://openalex.org/W1964041350","https://openalex.org/W1967720787","https://openalex.org/W1967912747","https://openalex.org/W1969317435","https://openalex.org/W1970579463","https://openalex.org/W1972949334","https://openalex.org/W1972988703","https://openalex.org/W1973922157","https://openalex.org/W1975744086","https://openalex.org/W1975931952","https://openalex.org/W1977850361","https://openalex.org/W1978026086","https://openalex.org/W1978222306","https://openalex.org/W1978484881","https://openalex.org/W1978521888","https://openalex.org/W1980789245","https://openalex.org/W1981444301","https://openalex.org/W1981505515","https://openalex.org/W1982047567","https://openalex.org/W1983283649","https://openalex.org/W1983377921","https://openalex.org/W1987593166","https://openalex.org/W1988010959","https://openalex.org/W1988795126","https://openalex.org/W1989897544","https://openalex.org/W1990563822","https://openalex.org/W1991805788","https://openalex.org/W1992650792","https://openalex.org/W1996024251","https://openalex.org/W1998425325","https://openalex.org/W1998689099","https://openalex.org/W2000164330","https://openalex.org/W2007547890","https://openalex.org/W2008969164","https://openalex.org/W2010267467","https://openalex.org/W2015009545","https://openalex.org/W2015237651","https://openalex.org/W2016634594","https://openalex.org/W2017453007","https://openalex.org/W2021594631","https://openalex.org/W2022861863","https://openalex.org/W2025412939","https://openalex.org/W2025743320","https://openalex.org/W2026147918","https://openalex.org/W2030435452","https://openalex.org/W2030689820","https://openalex.org/W2030819454","https://openalex.org/W2032755399","https://openalex.org/W2034146948","https://openalex.org/W2036768211","https://openalex.org/W2036934626","https://openalex.org/W2037223620","https://openalex.org/W2038672096","https://openalex.org/W2038772185","https://openalex.org/W2040921716","https://openalex.org/W2040937016","https://openalex.org/W2041018266","https://openalex.org/W2043851674","https://openalex.org/W2044135587","https://openalex.org/W2045348002","https://openalex.org/W2045857710","https://openalex.org/W2048926737","https://openalex.org/W2048938277","https://openalex.org/W2053113575","https://openalex.org/W2054461128","https://openalex.org/W2055068047","https://openalex.org/W2057072518","https://openalex.org/W2059231080","https://openalex.org/W2062700377","https://openalex.org/W2064891273","https://openalex.org/W2066220673","https://openalex.org/W2066848874","https://openalex.org/W2066943555","https://openalex.org/W2067420773","https://openalex.org/W2067955106","https://openalex.org/W2069294714","https://openalex.org/W2069519872","https://openalex.org/W2069604660","https://openalex.org/W2074661552","https://openalex.org/W2077683978","https://openalex.org/W2078377798","https://openalex.org/W2080212135","https://openalex.org/W2081609922","https://openalex.org/W2081631042","https://openalex.org/W2082100758","https://openalex.org/W2082620919","https://openalex.org/W2083931401","https://openalex.org/W2086216169","https://openalex.org/W2087542059","https://openalex.org/W2090078976","https://openalex.org/W2091073665","https://openalex.org/W2093437371","https://openalex.org/W2094660330","https://openalex.org/W2095369231","https://openalex.org/W2095507522","https://openalex.org/W2096327192","https://openalex.org/W2096688894","https://openalex.org/W2098108268","https://openalex.org/W2098139332","https://openalex.org/W2098622411","https://openalex.org/W2099039895","https://openalex.org/W2103076324","https://openalex.org/W2105495527","https://openalex.org/W2108033883","https://openalex.org/W2115524665","https://openalex.org/W2119532811","https://openalex.org/W2121123285","https://openalex.org/W2121921751","https://openalex.org/W2122483453","https://openalex.org/W2124581501","https://openalex.org/W2125621261","https://openalex.org/W2131042694","https://openalex.org/W2134209166","https://openalex.org/W2136510368","https://openalex.org/W2137689778","https://openalex.org/W2143490729","https://openalex.org/W2147834417","https://openalex.org/W2148256905","https://openalex.org/W2151956996","https://openalex.org/W2152914442","https://openalex.org/W2155368854","https://openalex.org/W2156912155","https://openalex.org/W2158972787","https://openalex.org/W2165611713","https://openalex.org/W2203955786","https://openalex.org/W2212565117","https://openalex.org/W2268827448","https://openalex.org/W2273567156","https://openalex.org/W2284615312","https://openalex.org/W2289591340","https://openalex.org/W2289861197","https://openalex.org/W2323356395","https://openalex.org/W2336335174","https://openalex.org/W2341207765","https://openalex.org/W2346686888","https://openalex.org/W2394782792","https://openalex.org/W2402385618","https://openalex.org/W2412243856","https://openalex.org/W2413683563","https://openalex.org/W2441351063","https://openalex.org/W2460802970","https://openalex.org/W2461229824","https://openalex.org/W2462345027","https://openalex.org/W2483359327","https://openalex.org/W2549749641","https://openalex.org/W2563272064","https://openalex.org/W2564185320","https://openalex.org/W2573993882","https://openalex.org/W2585815532","https://openalex.org/W2607416439","https://openalex.org/W2611326560","https://openalex.org/W2621194856","https://openalex.org/W2641799087","https://openalex.org/W2700330585","https://openalex.org/W2725043130","https://openalex.org/W2735769265","https://openalex.org/W2737301914","https://openalex.org/W2741571585","https://openalex.org/W2747381670","https://openalex.org/W2750046952","https://openalex.org/W2768166779","https://openalex.org/W2769193560","https://openalex.org/W2778605439","https://openalex.org/W2782839569","https://openalex.org/W4238596965"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2462345027","https://openalex.org/W4402003472","https://openalex.org/W1983283649","https://openalex.org/W3014754785","https://openalex.org/W2373119995","https://openalex.org/W39881139","https://openalex.org/W3164735511","https://openalex.org/W2947809320","https://openalex.org/W2753454867","https://openalex.org/W7135457317"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Addiction":[0],"is":[1,20,115,198],"a":[2,50,62,231],"devastating":[3],"disorder":[4],"that":[5,94,103,111,157,170,195,212,228],"produces":[6],"persistent":[7],"maladaptive":[8],"changes":[9,102],"to":[10,81,83,185,216],"the":[11,27,97,154,192,225,238],"central":[12],"nervous":[13],"system,":[14],"including":[15],"glial":[16,129,196,213],"cells.":[17],"Although":[18],"there":[19],"an":[21,44],"extensive":[22,226],"body":[23],"of":[24,30,52,125,148,242],"literature":[25],"examining":[26],"neuronal":[28,162],"mechanisms":[29,214],"substance":[31],"use":[32],"disorders,":[33],"effective":[34],"therapies":[35],"remain":[36],"elusive.":[37],"Glia,":[38],"particularly":[39],"microglia":[40],"and":[41,46,56,59,73,77,87,100,110,153,165,176,203,207,234,240],"astrocytes,":[42],"have":[43,160,172,182,230],"emerging":[45],"meaningful":[47],"role":[48,236],"in":[49,105,178,237],"variety":[51],"processes":[53],"beyond":[54],"inflammation":[55],"immune":[57,132],"surveillance,":[58],"may":[60],"represent":[61],"promising":[63],"therapeutic":[64],"target.":[65],"Indeed,":[66],"glia":[67,95,171,177,229],"actively":[68],"modulate":[69],"neurotransmission,":[70],"synaptic":[71,101],"connectivity":[72],"neural":[74],"circuit":[75],"function,":[76],"are":[78],"critically":[79,116],"poised":[80],"contribute":[82,215],"addictive-like":[84],"brain":[85,173,180],"states":[86],"behaviors.":[88,187],"In":[89,220],"this":[90,112,221],"review,":[91,222],"we":[92,223],"argue":[93],"influence":[96],"cellular,":[98],"molecular,":[99],"occur":[104],"neurons":[106],"following":[107,118],"drug":[108,119,201,217],"exposure,":[109],"cellular":[113],"relationship":[114],"modified":[117],"exposure.":[120],"We":[121,144,188],"discuss":[122],"direct":[123],"actions":[124],"abused":[126],"drugs":[127,147],"on":[128,161],"function":[130],"through":[131],"receptors,":[133],"such":[134],"as":[135,139,141],"Toll-like":[136],"receptor":[137],"4,":[138],"well":[140],"other":[142],"mechanisms.":[143],"highlight":[145,208],"how":[146],"abuse":[149,218],"affect":[150],"glia-neural":[151],"communication,":[152],"profound":[155],"effects":[156],"glial-derived":[158],"factors":[159],"excitability,":[163],"structure,":[164],"function.":[166],"Recent":[167],"research":[168],"demonstrates":[169],"region-specific":[174],"functions,":[175],"different":[179],"regions":[181],"distinct":[183],"contributions":[184],"drug-associated":[186],"will":[189],"also":[190],"evaluate":[191],"evidence":[193,210,227],"demonstrating":[194],"activation":[197],"essential":[199],"for":[200],"reward":[202],"drug-induced":[204],"dopamine":[205],"release,":[206],"clinical":[209],"showing":[211],"liability.":[219],"synthesize":[224],"unique,":[232],"pivotal,":[233],"underappreciated":[235],"development":[239],"maintenance":[241],"addiction.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2018-10-05T00:00:00"}
