{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2893384938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001141","title":"Unpacking the link between socioeconomic status and behavior problems: A second-order meta-analysis","display_name":"Unpacking the link between socioeconomic status and behavior problems: A second-order meta-analysis","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2893384938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001141","mag":"2893384938","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30259823"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0954579418001141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6115874","display_name":"Development and Psychopathology","issn_l":"0954-5794","issn":["0954-5794","1469-2198"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Development and Psychopathology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051252417","display_name":"Kevin Michael Korous","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6825-374X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6825-374X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kevin M. Korous","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028171175","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 M. Causad\u00edas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-5497","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-5497"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 M. Causadias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043030933","display_name":"Robert H. Bradley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-1818","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-1818"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert H. Bradley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024948350","display_name":"Suniya S. Luthar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3068-4469","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3068-4469"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suniya S. Luthar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051252417"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8278,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58435493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"5","first_page":"1889","last_page":"1906"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10182","display_name":"Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development","score":0.9125999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10182","display_name":"Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development","score":0.9125999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.050700001418590546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12844","display_name":"Psychology and Mental Health","score":0.014299999922513962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internalizing-problems","display_name":"internalizing problems","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/externalizing-problems","display_name":"externalizing problems","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income","display_name":"income","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-prestige","display_name":"occupational prestige","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race-and-ethnicity","display_name":"race and ethnicity","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-and-adolescent-psychopathology","display_name":"child and adolescent psychopathology","score":0.7509999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777256151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7897273","display_name":"Unpacking","level":2,"score":0.9520241022109985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.8133910298347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.7870914936065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7295700311660767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5361013412475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778753846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554239","display_name":"Link (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5297775268554688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3850783407688141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.14369460940361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.14025205373764038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08491739630699158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.07711741328239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000066553","descriptor_name":"Problem Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0954579418001141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6115874","display_name":"Development and Psychopathology","issn_l":"0954-5794","issn":["0954-5794","1469-2198"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Development and Psychopathology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30259823","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30259823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Development and psychopathology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":148,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71228264","https://openalex.org/W103467022","https://openalex.org/W578653612","https://openalex.org/W1416071275","https://openalex.org/W1485588222","https://openalex.org/W1491074553","https://openalex.org/W1505501368","https://openalex.org/W1544844820","https://openalex.org/W1710666949","https://openalex.org/W1730848814","https://openalex.org/W1767470961","https://openalex.org/W1919874270","https://openalex.org/W1935969488","https://openalex.org/W1942315160","https://openalex.org/W1967924578","https://openalex.org/W1971275084","https://openalex.org/W1971969367","https://openalex.org/W1975522492","https://openalex.org/W1976133723","https://openalex.org/W1978576472","https://openalex.org/W1981839354","https://openalex.org/W1985296982","https://openalex.org/W1988075665","https://openalex.org/W1988608170","https://openalex.org/W2002848707","https://openalex.org/W2002867974","https://openalex.org/W2003754652","https://openalex.org/W2006415203","https://openalex.org/W2009797510","https://openalex.org/W2013814541","https://openalex.org/W2014523682","https://openalex.org/W2016679285","https://openalex.org/W2017736815","https://openalex.org/W2020088825","https://openalex.org/W2021492058","https://openalex.org/W2021804141","https://openalex.org/W2023583029","https://openalex.org/W2027560779","https://openalex.org/W2028050689","https://openalex.org/W2036356208","https://openalex.org/W2037557484","https://openalex.org/W2039509772","https://openalex.org/W2046197761","https://openalex.org/W2046590576","https://openalex.org/W2046818084","https://openalex.org/W2046964286","https://openalex.org/W2048748813","https://openalex.org/W2050118439","https://openalex.org/W2054101492","https://openalex.org/W2056581333","https://openalex.org/W2059403298","https://openalex.org/W2059911397","https://openalex.org/W2060404644","https://openalex.org/W2061141487","https://openalex.org/W2062065734","https://openalex.org/W2068781482","https://openalex.org/W2071659090","https://openalex.org/W2072059287","https://openalex.org/W2073576113","https://openalex.org/W2074636830","https://openalex.org/W2074727025","https://openalex.org/W2074736258","https://openalex.org/W2076506174","https://openalex.org/W2077571207","https://openalex.org/W2080061569","https://openalex.org/W2080091258","https://openalex.org/W2081498711","https://openalex.org/W2081574221","https://openalex.org/W2083204634","https://openalex.org/W2083362798","https://openalex.org/W2089014766","https://openalex.org/W2096741943","https://openalex.org/W2101735548","https://openalex.org/W2102614687","https://openalex.org/W2105699330","https://openalex.org/W2107652305","https://openalex.org/W2107962583","https://openalex.org/W2111778050","https://openalex.org/W2113149491","https://openalex.org/W2116544135","https://openalex.org/W2118299185","https://openalex.org/W2122832130","https://openalex.org/W2126027310","https://openalex.org/W2127875809","https://openalex.org/W2129549412","https://openalex.org/W2130901187","https://openalex.org/W2135699994","https://openalex.org/W2136058613","https://openalex.org/W2138202433","https://openalex.org/W2139080455","https://openalex.org/W2139662269","https://openalex.org/W2146140851","https://openalex.org/W2150286266","https://openalex.org/W2156331164","https://openalex.org/W2156407660","https://openalex.org/W2157757373","https://openalex.org/W2162030141","https://openalex.org/W2162075074","https://openalex.org/W2164614352","https://openalex.org/W2165626243","https://openalex.org/W2166566711","https://openalex.org/W2171357886","https://openalex.org/W2250131611","https://openalex.org/W2256223142","https://openalex.org/W2302612389","https://openalex.org/W2312049959","https://openalex.org/W2326419332","https://openalex.org/W2326505861","https://openalex.org/W2410597207","https://openalex.org/W2416279173","https://openalex.org/W2468515517","https://openalex.org/W2492248915","https://openalex.org/W2513410939","https://openalex.org/W2520742799","https://openalex.org/W2530799066","https://openalex.org/W2554464434","https://openalex.org/W2560438049","https://openalex.org/W2565989939","https://openalex.org/W2586708071","https://openalex.org/W2591843703","https://openalex.org/W2606711815","https://openalex.org/W2616332361","https://openalex.org/W2617780395","https://openalex.org/W2625822725","https://openalex.org/W2750814660","https://openalex.org/W2750967086","https://openalex.org/W2751259292","https://openalex.org/W2753467333","https://openalex.org/W2775059458","https://openalex.org/W2775780184","https://openalex.org/W2789695703","https://openalex.org/W2791188362","https://openalex.org/W2791681873","https://openalex.org/W2810277245","https://openalex.org/W2891606517","https://openalex.org/W2892029761","https://openalex.org/W2905141862","https://openalex.org/W2954553288","https://openalex.org/W2975287224","https://openalex.org/W3026624461","https://openalex.org/W3031875957","https://openalex.org/W4230045725","https://openalex.org/W4236657350","https://openalex.org/W4247335276","https://openalex.org/W4248989428","https://openalex.org/W4250247687","https://openalex.org/W4297918764","https://openalex.org/W6676594365"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096837638","https://openalex.org/W2852854653","https://openalex.org/W6887654614","https://openalex.org/W6929709049","https://openalex.org/W4248209141","https://openalex.org/W2005514747","https://openalex.org/W7067117046","https://openalex.org/W4206538655","https://openalex.org/W7169760829","https://openalex.org/W2803631247"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Substantial":[0],"evidence":[1],"links":[2],"socioeconomic":[3,27,59,164],"status":[4,28,60],"to":[5,23,48,68,110,139],"internalizing":[6,62],"and":[7,33,57,63,67,73,89,92,105,128,162,194],"externalizing":[8,64],"behavior":[9,20,65],"problems.":[10],"However,":[11],"it":[12],"is":[13],"unclear":[14],"how":[15],"these":[16,76,174],"two":[17],"categories":[18],"of":[19,26,53,87,181],"problems":[21],"relate":[22],"specific":[24],"components":[25],"(e.g.,":[29],"income,":[30,54,118,146],"educational":[31],"attainment,":[32],"occupational":[34],"prestige)":[35],"or":[36],"overall":[37,58,163],"social":[38],"status.":[39],"In":[40,108,137],"this":[41],"study,":[42],"we":[43,112,141],"conducted":[44],"a":[45],"second-order":[46],"meta-analysis":[47],"estimate":[49],"the":[50,182,185],"average":[51,115],"associations":[52,116,144],"education,":[55,129,154],"occupation,":[56],"with":[61,117,145],"problems,":[66],"examine":[69],"if":[70],"age,":[71],"sex,":[72],"race/ethnicity":[74],"moderated":[75,184],"associations.":[77],"Our":[78],"systematic":[79],"search":[80],"in":[81],"PsycINFO,":[82],"PubMed,":[83],"Google":[84],"Scholar,":[85],"Web":[86],"Science,":[88],"ProQuest":[90],"Dissertations":[91],"Theses":[93],"Global":[94],"identified":[95],"12":[96],"meta-analyses":[97],"(17%":[98],"unpublished),":[99],"including":[100],"approximately":[101],"474":[102],"primary":[103],"studies":[104],"327,617":[106],"participants.":[107],"relation":[109,138],"internalizing,":[111],"found":[113,142],"small":[114],"r+":[119,130,147,155,166],"=":[120,131,148,156,167],"-.18,":[121],"95%":[122,133,150,158,169],"confidence":[123],"interval":[124],"(CI)":[125],"[-.31,":[126],"-.04],":[127],"-.12,":[132],"CI":[134,151,159,170],"[-.15,":[135,152],"-.09].":[136],"externalizing,":[140],"smaller":[143],"-.02,":[149],".10],":[153,161],"-.03,":[157],"[-.16,":[160],"status,":[165],"-.05,":[168],"[-.11,":[171],".01],":[172],"but":[173],"CIs":[175],"included":[176],"zero.":[177],"Only":[178],"sex":[179],"composition":[180],"samples":[183],"latter":[186],"association.":[187],"We":[188],"provide":[189],"recommendations":[190],"for":[191],"best":[192],"practices":[193],"future":[195],"research":[196],"directions.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2018-10-05T00:00:00"}
