{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2892078293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611118796597","title":"Variability of Crime Clearance Among Police Agencies","display_name":"Variability of Crime Clearance Among Police Agencies","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2892078293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611118796597","mag":"2892078293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1098611118796597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611118796597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611118796597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167107504","display_name":"Police Quarterly","issn_l":"1098-6111","issn":["1098-6111","1552-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Police Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089720303","display_name":"Thomas L. Scott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8033-8372","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8033-8372"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas L. Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8033-8372","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039390679","display_name":"Charles F. Wellford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8670-8290","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8670-8290"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Wellford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046643331","display_name":"Cynthia M. Lum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1919-3987","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1919-3987"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia Lum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Criminology, Law and Society, Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Criminology, Law and Society, Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027250715","display_name":"Heather Vovak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heather Vovak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Criminology, Law and Society, Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Criminology, Law and Society, Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089720303"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.2718,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98600589,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"82","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9193999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9193999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.06889999657869339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crime-clearance-rates","display_name":"crime clearance rates","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-stations","display_name":"police departments","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-trends","display_name":"long-term trends","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-factors","display_name":"organizational factors","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-based-trajectory-modeling","display_name":"group-based trajectory modeling","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-models","display_name":"mixture models","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-performance","display_name":"police performance","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/types-of-crime","display_name":"crime types","score":0.5460000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.4409433901309967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.4405529499053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4196698069572449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3222045302391052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13597384095191956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08619821071624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1098611118796597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611118796597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611118796597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167107504","display_name":"Police Quarterly","issn_l":"1098-6111","issn":["1098-6111","1552-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Police Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311571","display_name":"Laura and John Arnold Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04hqxh742"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W218381797","https://openalex.org/W628331718","https://openalex.org/W1598612182","https://openalex.org/W1797102921","https://openalex.org/W1978453716","https://openalex.org/W1996695979","https://openalex.org/W1997944093","https://openalex.org/W2001586797","https://openalex.org/W2011500610","https://openalex.org/W2013071495","https://openalex.org/W2016599086","https://openalex.org/W2025712381","https://openalex.org/W2025875511","https://openalex.org/W2035484876","https://openalex.org/W2039023757","https://openalex.org/W2040133034","https://openalex.org/W2041611881","https://openalex.org/W2050698271","https://openalex.org/W2052282027","https://openalex.org/W2058369607","https://openalex.org/W2064331553","https://openalex.org/W2070152344","https://openalex.org/W2072221629","https://openalex.org/W2083506153","https://openalex.org/W2084897597","https://openalex.org/W2089938654","https://openalex.org/W2091468128","https://openalex.org/W2098620985","https://openalex.org/W2108451834","https://openalex.org/W2108696786","https://openalex.org/W2121297553","https://openalex.org/W2140243679","https://openalex.org/W2158758490","https://openalex.org/W2160068151","https://openalex.org/W2255574734","https://openalex.org/W2322917863","https://openalex.org/W2404377311","https://openalex.org/W2550390637","https://openalex.org/W2771794462","https://openalex.org/W2892030650","https://openalex.org/W2993826291","https://openalex.org/W3007980248","https://openalex.org/W4241081658","https://openalex.org/W4243295160","https://openalex.org/W4251259286","https://openalex.org/W4300913474","https://openalex.org/W4386112322","https://openalex.org/W6950411980"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411546110","https://openalex.org/W2602084072","https://openalex.org/W2404377311","https://openalex.org/W4382982691","https://openalex.org/W3003274544","https://openalex.org/W3079079764","https://openalex.org/W17584520","https://openalex.org/W1981465595","https://openalex.org/W7116885113","https://openalex.org/W3159230883"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Average":[0],"crime":[1,65,134,139],"clearance":[2,48,66,86,130],"rates":[3],"have":[4,33,81],"remained":[5],"remarkably":[6],"stable":[7],"in":[8,18,23,51,64,165],"the":[9,13,57],"United":[10],"States":[11],"since":[12],"1980s,":[14],"despite":[15],"many":[16],"advances":[17],"investigative":[19],"technologies":[20],"or":[21],"fluctuations":[22],"crime.":[24],"Taking":[25],"these":[26],"average":[27,58],"trends":[28,59,88],"at":[29],"face":[30],"value,":[31],"some":[32],"suggested":[34],"that":[35,39,56,110,141],"this":[36,52,105],"stability":[37],"indicates":[38],"police":[40,68,79],"departments":[41,80],"can":[42,154],"do":[43],"little":[44],"to":[45,91,99,143],"alter":[46],"their":[47],"rates.":[49],"However,":[50],"study,":[53],"we":[54,74,103],"find":[55],"mask":[60],"substantial":[61],"long-term":[62,85],"variation":[63],"among":[67],"agencies.":[69],"Using":[70],"group-based":[71],"trajectory":[72],"modeling,":[73],"test":[75],"whether":[76],"large":[77],"U.S.":[78],"reported":[82],"uniquely":[83],"different":[84,100],"rate":[87],"from":[89],"1981":[90],"2013":[92],"and":[93,127,136,158],"what":[94],"organizational":[95,146],"factors":[96],"might":[97],"contribute":[98],"trends.":[101],"As":[102],"discuss,":[104],"method":[106],"has":[107],"attractive":[108],"qualities":[109],"provide":[111],"for":[112,167],"a":[113],"more":[114],"rigorous":[115],"analysis":[116],"compared":[117],"with":[118,145],"past":[119],"comparative":[120],"work.":[121],"Our":[122],"results":[123],"show":[124],"diverse":[125],"levels":[126],"patterns":[128],"of":[129],"both":[131,156],"within":[132],"individual":[133],"types":[135,140],"across":[137],"multiple":[138],"appear":[142],"covary":[144],"factors.":[147],"We":[148],"explain":[149],"how":[150],"finite":[151],"mixture":[152],"modeling":[153],"advance":[155],"quantitative":[157],"qualitative":[159],"research":[160],"by":[161],"identifying":[162],"departmental":[163],"differences":[164],"performance":[166],"further":[168],"study.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2018-09-27T00:00:00"}
