{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2891892489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w14731","title":"Bretton Woods II Still Defines the International Monetary System","display_name":"Bretton Woods II Still Defines the International Monetary System","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2891892489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w14731","mag":"2891892489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w14731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w14731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w14731","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w14731","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w14731","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016407159","display_name":"Michael P. Dooley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2469-226X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2469-226X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Dooley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics Engineering II University of California , Santa Cruz Santa Cruz , CA 95064 and","UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA (SANTA CRUZ)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics Engineering II University of California , Santa Cruz Santa Cruz , CA 95064 and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA (SANTA CRUZ)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067864868","display_name":"David F. I. Folkerts-Landau","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158193983","display_name":"Deutsche Bank (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/03qwqnb95","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158193983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124491","display_name":"Deutsche Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/037hta489","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124491"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158216","display_name":"Deutsche Bank (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04tpxn918","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158193983","https://openalex.org/I4210158216"]}],"countries":["DE","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Folkerts-Landau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deutsche Bank Deutsche Bank AG London 1 Great Winchester Street London EC2 2EQ United Kingdom","Deutsche Bank#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsche Bank Deutsche Bank AG London 1 Great Winchester Street London EC2 2EQ United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsche Bank#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158193983","https://openalex.org/I4210124491"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083030193","display_name":"Peter M. Garber","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158193983","display_name":"Deutsche Bank (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/03qwqnb95","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158193983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124491","display_name":"Deutsche Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/037hta489","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124491"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Garber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deutsche Bank#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsche Bank#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158193983","https://openalex.org/I4210124491"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14112","display_name":"Economic, financial, and policy analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bretton-woods-ii","display_name":"Bretton Woods II","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-monetary-system","display_name":"international monetary system","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net-capital-inflows","display_name":"net capital inflows","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-crises","display_name":"financial crisis","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protectionism","display_name":"protectionism","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-monetary-reform","display_name":"international monetary reform","score":0.3880000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22241219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179073","display_name":"Protectionism","level":2,"score":0.8758313655853271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.686742901802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189848572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1773266","display_name":"Monetary system","level":3,"score":0.5950468182563782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777098093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q473750","display_name":"World economy","level":2,"score":0.5824991464614868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778300220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114380","display_name":"Financial crisis","level":2,"score":0.5431974530220032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991741723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8137","display_name":"Capital flows","level":3,"score":0.47675853967666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.43062618374824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.42723917961120605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509613553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16191828","display_name":"Monetary hegemony","level":3,"score":0.4257367253303528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126285488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178476","display_name":"Monetary policy","level":2,"score":0.4008334279060364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.39675819873809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165556158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83937","display_name":"Keynesian economics","level":1,"score":0.3209512233734131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14280614256858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.11592757701873779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10223805904388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58823610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746418","display_name":"Liberalization","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3386/w14731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w14731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w14731","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w14731","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nbr:nberwo:14731","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w14731.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w14731.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:2891892489","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nbr:nberwo:14731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w14731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w14731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w14731","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w14731","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2891892489.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2891892489.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1586167907","https://openalex.org/W1603601308","https://openalex.org/W2082543310","https://openalex.org/W2169010782","https://openalex.org/W2170486975","https://openalex.org/W3123675599","https://openalex.org/W6683752405","https://openalex.org/W6996321007"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984326345","https://openalex.org/W1492189256","https://openalex.org/W2416487367","https://openalex.org/W3181737780","https://openalex.org/W3122780227","https://openalex.org/W2151603936","https://openalex.org/W1539954781","https://openalex.org/W2901029872","https://openalex.org/W2572113799","https://openalex.org/W173861805","https://openalex.org/W2472112573","https://openalex.org/W1515765176","https://openalex.org/W2177000108","https://openalex.org/W619629952","https://openalex.org/W1598434213","https://openalex.org/W2475995106","https://openalex.org/W1555235047","https://openalex.org/W1547648931","https://openalex.org/W3150980935","https://openalex.org/W2382785680"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3],"argue":[4],"that":[5,19,35,78],"net":[6],"capital":[7],"inflows":[8],"to":[9,59,61,64],"the":[10,16,22,40,47,51,67,70,83,89],"United":[11],"States":[12],"did":[13],"not":[14,38],"cause":[15],"financial":[17],"crisis":[18,25,36,72],"now":[20],"engulfs":[21],"world":[23],"economy.A":[24],"caused":[26],"by":[27,50],"such":[28],"flows":[29],"has":[30,37],"been":[31],"widely":[32],"predicted":[33],"but":[34],"occurred.Indeed,":[39],"international":[41],"monetary":[42],"system":[43],"still":[44],"operates":[45],"in":[46,76,85],"way":[48],"described":[49],"Bretton":[52],"Woods":[53],"II":[54],"framework":[55],"and":[56,81],"is":[57],"likely":[58],"continue":[60],"do":[62],"so.Failure":[63],"properly":[65],"identify":[66],"causes":[68],"of":[69],"current":[71],"risks":[73],"a":[74],"rise":[75],"protectionism":[77],"could":[79],"intensify":[80],"prolong":[82],"decline":[84],"economic":[86],"activity":[87],"around":[88],"world.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}