{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2891878232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4310","title":"The Gold Standard, Bretton Woods and Other Monetary Regimes: A Historical Appraisal","display_name":"The Gold Standard, Bretton Woods and Other Monetary Regimes: A Historical Appraisal","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2891878232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4310","mag":"2891878232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w4310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4310","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4310","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4310","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4310","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091502988","display_name":"Michael David Bordo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1426-8203","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1426-8203"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Bordo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091502988"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":108,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.020999999716877937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-standard","display_name":"gold standard","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bretton-woods-system","display_name":"Bretton Woods system","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-policy-regimes","display_name":"monetary policy regimes","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-monetary-history","display_name":"international monetary history","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-monetary-system","display_name":"international monetary system","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exchange-rates","display_name":"exchange rates","score":0.39500001072883606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7890291213989258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991744738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66143","display_name":"Fixed exchange rates","level":3,"score":0.7216426134109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780337265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185958","display_name":"Float (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6771986484527588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509613553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16191828","display_name":"Monetary hegemony","level":3,"score":0.6751554012298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776988154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66100","display_name":"Exchange rate","level":2,"score":0.5893688201904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189848572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1773266","display_name":"Monetary system","level":3,"score":0.5182107090950012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40993552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514654","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","level":2,"score":0.5108761191368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.4957081079483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776071005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337203","display_name":"Exchange-rate regime","level":3,"score":0.4824731647968292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165556158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83937","display_name":"Keynesian economics","level":1,"score":0.47918903827667236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.4735250473022461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126285488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178476","display_name":"Monetary policy","level":2,"score":0.43057918548583984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.42096221446990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.36998462677001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.07658985257148743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3386/w4310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4310","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4310","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4310","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"doi:10.3886/icpsr01077.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3886/icpsr01077.v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3886/icpsr01077.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604084","display_name":"ICPSR Data Holdings","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4387153780","host_organization_name":"Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153780"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICPSR Data Holdings","raw_type":"dataset"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:fip:fedlrv:y:1993:i:mar:p:123-191","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/scribd/?toc_id=499454&filepath=/docs/publications/frbslreview/rev_stls_199303.pdf&start_page=139#scribd-open","pdf_url":"https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/scribd/?toc_id=499454&filepath=/docs/publications/frbslreview/rev_stls_199303.pdf&start_page=139#scribd-open","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nbr:nberwo:4310","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w4310.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w4310.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:2891878232","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/nbrnberwo/4310.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w4310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4310","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4310","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4310","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2891878232.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2891878232.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W129462566","https://openalex.org/W2796720044","https://openalex.org/W2243826274","https://openalex.org/W241209005","https://openalex.org/W657189034","https://openalex.org/W1534787001","https://openalex.org/W1501168705","https://openalex.org/W6982052695","https://openalex.org/W6983526127","https://openalex.org/W2333002494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gold":[0],"standard":[1]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2018-09-27T00:00:00"}