{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2891727273","doi":null,"title":"The Role of Labour Market Changes in the Slowdown of European Productivity Growth","display_name":"The Role of Labour Market Changes in the Slowdown of European Productivity Growth","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2891727273","mag":"2891727273"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2891727273","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nbr:nberwo:13840","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056939347","display_name":"Ian Dew-Becker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Dew-Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041061619","display_name":"Robert J. Gordon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7071-6545","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7071-6545"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert J. Gordon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7071-6545","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13399","display_name":"Unemployment and Economic Growth","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity-slowdown","display_name":"productivity slowdown","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-productivity","display_name":"labor productivity","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-creation","display_name":"job creation","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/per-capita-output","display_name":"per capita output","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-costs","display_name":"labor costs","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-force-participation","display_name":"labor force participation","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-labour-force-participation","display_name":"women's labour force participation","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-union","display_name":"European Union","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparison-with-united-states","display_name":"United States comparison","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/per-capita-income","display_name":"per capita income","score":0.8209999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777242750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31351","display_name":"Slowdown","level":2,"score":0.7721502780914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7538756132125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.7209990620613098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127598652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635","display_name":"Per capita","level":3,"score":0.7124657034873962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162144332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665305","display_name":"Instrumental variable","level":2,"score":0.6284247636795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776255816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374379","display_name":"Employment protection legislation","level":3,"score":0.5817649364471436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.5678701400756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.4941847622394562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120009192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1936153","display_name":"Total factor productivity","level":3,"score":0.47863641381263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.37040817737579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.21406292915344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.14382067322731018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.10086089372634888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2891727273","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nbr:nberwo:13840","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:6722","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cepr.org/active/publications/discussion_papers/dp.php?dpno=6722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005926015","https://openalex.org/W7071453909","https://openalex.org/W2041853388","https://openalex.org/W7111257446","https://openalex.org/W2130957710","https://openalex.org/W7099532884","https://openalex.org/W6958806898","https://openalex.org/W1557666783","https://openalex.org/W6988069855","https://openalex.org/W6995842364"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Throughout":[0],"the":[1,14,22,29,59,71,87,95,129,136,225,245,253,282],"post-war":[2],"era":[3],"until":[4],"1995":[5],"labour":[6,167,212],"productivity":[7,19,36,76,99,114,139,188,237,279],"grew":[8],"faster":[9,43],"in":[10,13,21,28,45,52,86,90,138,211,218,230,236,267,287],"Europe":[11,268],"than":[12],"United":[15,30],"States.":[16],"Since":[17],"1995,":[18],"growth":[20,37,44,53,79,117,134,140],"EU-15":[23],"has":[24,32],"slowed":[25],"while":[26],"that":[27,92,106,149,165,224,261],"States":[31],"accelerated.":[33],"But":[34],"Europe\u2019s":[35],"slowdown":[38,137],"was":[39],"largely":[40],"offset":[41],"by":[42,215,259,280],"employment":[46,78,101,116,133,159,170,180,231,277],"per":[47,56,160,181,232,289],"capita,":[48,161,182],"leaving":[49],"little":[50],"difference":[51],"of":[54,131,151,228,249,263],"output":[55],"capita":[57,233],"between":[58,75,98,113],"EU":[60,132],"and":[61,77,100,103,115,120,135,144,173,204,243,278],"US":[62,254],"going":[63],"back":[64],"to":[65,126,186,208,240,244],"1980.":[66],"This":[67],"paper":[68],"is":[69,108,238],"about":[70],"strong":[72],"negative":[73,111,156,226],"trade-off":[74,85],"within":[80],"Europe.":[81],"We":[82,147,197,222,257],"document":[83],"this":[84,207],"raw":[88],"data,":[89],"regressions":[91],"control":[93],"for":[94],"two-way":[96],"causation":[97],"growth,":[102,189],"we":[104,205],"show":[105],"there":[107],"a":[109,200],"robust":[110,239],"correlation":[112],"across":[118],"countries":[119,251],"time.":[121],"Our":[122],"primary":[123],"explanatory":[124],"variables":[125,153],"explain":[127,187],"both":[128,171],"revival":[130],"include":[141],"six":[142],"policy":[143,163,265],"institutional":[145],"variables.":[146,196],"find":[148,199,223],"several":[150,191],"these":[152],"have":[154],"significant":[155,201],"effects":[157,275],"on":[158,234,276,285],"with":[162,179,194],"changes":[164,229,235,286],"raised":[166],"costs":[168],"reducing":[169],"before":[172],"after":[174],"1995.":[175],"These":[176],"variables,":[177],"together":[178],"are":[183],"then":[184],"used":[185],"using":[190],"alternative":[192,241,264],"treatments":[193],"instrumental":[195],"also":[198],"time":[202],"effect,":[203],"link":[206],"an":[209],"increase":[210],"force":[213],"participation":[214],"women,":[216],"particularly":[217],"southern":[219],"European":[220],"countries.":[221],"effect":[227],"instruments":[242],"inclusion":[246],"or":[247,255],"exclusion":[248],"particular":[250],"like":[252],"Spain.":[256],"conclude":[258],"suggesting":[260],"evaluations":[262],"reforms":[266],"should":[269],"take":[270],"into":[271],"account":[272],"any":[273],"offsetting":[274],"examining":[281],"ultimate":[283],"impact":[284],"income":[288],"capita.":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2018-09-27T00:00:00"}