{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2891378342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2322655","title":"Design and simulation of array cells for image intensity transformation and coding used in mixed image processors and neural networks","display_name":"Design and simulation of array cells for image intensity transformation and coding used in mixed image processors and neural networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2891378342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2322655","mag":"2891378342"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2322655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2322655","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2322655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407113662","display_name":"Optics and Photonics for Information Processing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics and Photonics for Information Processing XII","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090011327","display_name":"Vladimir G. Krasilenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6528-3150","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6528-3150"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266145","display_name":"Vinnytsia Institute of Economics and Social Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00nvsd439","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I291384039","https://openalex.org/I4405266145"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir G. Krasilenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vinnytsia Social Economy Institute (Ukraine)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vinnytsia Social Economy Institute (Ukraine)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000018615","display_name":"Alexander A. Lazarev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1176-5650","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1176-5650"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100610","display_name":"Vinnytsia National Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00nagev26","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100610"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Lazarev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vinnytsia National Technical Univ. (Ukraine)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vinnytsia National Technical Univ. (Ukraine)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100610"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075366498","display_name":"Diana V. Nikitovich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8907-1221","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8907-1221"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100610","display_name":"Vinnytsia National Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00nagev26","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100610"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diana Nikitovich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vinnytsia National Technical Univ. (Ukraine)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vinnytsia National Technical Univ. (Ukraine)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100610"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"44","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.8759999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.8759999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.07199999690055847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.03799999877810478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-mirror","display_name":"current mirror","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network-hardware","display_name":"neural network hardware","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activation-functions","display_name":"activation functions","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos-analog-circuits","display_name":"CMOS analog circuits","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-power-analog-circuits","display_name":"low-power analog circuits","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor-arrays","display_name":"image sensor arrays","score":0.328000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6664236187934875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6107740998268127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5375051498413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5337809920310974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5122129321098328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4672985374927521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.43375566601753235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1304740011692047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2322655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2322655","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2322655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407113662","display_name":"Optics and Photonics for Information Processing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics and Photonics for Information Processing XII","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538131130","https://openalex.org/W1586730761","https://openalex.org/W1969757023","https://openalex.org/W1980246571","https://openalex.org/W1997760703","https://openalex.org/W2013749699","https://openalex.org/W2028465744","https://openalex.org/W2045447420","https://openalex.org/W2047037960","https://openalex.org/W2052872151","https://openalex.org/W2059753406","https://openalex.org/W2073194546","https://openalex.org/W2073825795","https://openalex.org/W2087837233","https://openalex.org/W2090645269","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2746812917","https://openalex.org/W2750322398","https://openalex.org/W2764011777","https://openalex.org/W2804383382","https://openalex.org/W6649766434","https://openalex.org/W6662359812","https://openalex.org/W6743611294"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251019465","https://openalex.org/W2979173718","https://openalex.org/W2039122177","https://openalex.org/W2119786916","https://openalex.org/W2282773568","https://openalex.org/W2118005470","https://openalex.org/W2162587457","https://openalex.org/W2018331821","https://openalex.org/W2107474289","https://openalex.org/W159400821"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,110,304,361,380,413,426],"paper":[1],"considers":[2],"results":[3,418],"of":[4,8,20,32,74,95,113,123,127,133,154,170,190,198,206,218,236,239,246,252,267,299,306,314,316,328,334,343,365,394,419,438],"design":[5,94,421],"and":[6,28,37,44,78,89,101,103,108,145,209,220,229,320,336,352,354,402,415,428,440,443],"simulation":[7,417],"continuously":[9],"logical":[10],"cells":[11,58,115,150,250,289,302],"(CLC)":[12],"based":[13,348],"on":[14,137,349,430],"current":[15,377,431],"mirrors":[16,432],"(CM)":[17],"with":[18,46,59,345,368,382,422,445],"functions":[19,241],"preliminary":[21],"analogue":[22],"processing":[23],"for":[24,30,87,98,148,151,184,203,215,233,290,321,397,436],"image":[25,34],"intensity":[26,224,294],"transformation":[27,100,274],"coding":[29,102,221],"construction":[31],"mixed":[33],"processors":[35],"(IP)":[36],"neural":[38,247],"networks":[39],"(NN).":[40],"For":[41],"such":[42,114,134,199,226,405],"IP":[43,208,442],"NN":[45,444],"vector":[47],"or":[48,181,386],"matrix":[49,90,201,441],"parallel":[50,200,227,408],"inputsoutputs,":[51],"it":[52,160,355],"is":[53,116,271,276,308,339,347,370,378,400],"needed":[54],"active":[55],"basic":[56,111],"photosensitive":[57],"an":[60,268,322],"extended":[61],"electronic":[62],"circuit,":[63],"which":[64,158,174],"are":[65,424],"considered":[66],"in":[67,225,242],"paper.":[68],"Such":[69,249],"CLC":[70,96,427],"has":[71,356],"a":[72,117,124,131],"number":[73,313],"advantages:":[75],"high":[76,84],"speed":[77],"reliability,":[79],"simplicity,":[80],"small":[81],"power":[82,259,282,363],"consumption,":[83],"integration":[85],"level":[86],"linear":[88,439],"structures.":[91],"We":[92,193,211,285],"show":[93,212],"variants":[97],"photocurrents":[99,223],"their":[104,420],"various":[105,216,237],"possible":[106],"implementations":[107,245],"simulations.":[109],"element":[112],"scheme":[118],"that":[119],"implements":[120],"the":[121,155,164,171,196,204,213,222,234,243,265,273,288,293,312,317,332,366,374,416],"operation":[122],"bounded":[125],"difference":[126],"continuous":[128],"logic.":[129],"Using":[130],"set":[132],"circuits":[135,414],"implemented":[136],"traditional":[138],"CMOS":[139,255,359],"technology,":[140],"we":[141],"consider":[142,195,287],"generalized":[143],"decomposition":[144],"other":[146],"methods":[147],"designing":[149],"nonlinear":[152,166],"conversion":[153,167],"photocurrent":[156,270],"intensity,":[157],"makes":[159],"easy":[161],"to":[162,311],"realize":[163],"required":[165],"function.":[168],"Selection":[169],"appropriate":[172],"parameters,":[173],"can":[175,410],"be":[176,411],"specified":[177],"as":[178,182],"constructive":[179],"constants":[180],"parameters":[183],"external":[185],"control,":[186],"allows":[187],"changing":[188],"type":[189],"synthesized":[191],"functions.":[192],"also":[194,286],"applications":[197],"arrays":[202],"creation":[205],"advanced":[207],"NN.":[210],"need":[214],"types":[217,238],"converting":[219],"systems":[228],"sensory":[230],"devices,":[231],"especially":[232],"implementation":[235],"activation":[240],"hardware":[244],"networks.":[248],"consist":[251],"several":[253,300],"dozen":[254],"transistors,":[256],"have":[257,389],"low":[258,281],"supply":[260],"voltage":[261],"(1.8":[262],"\u00f7":[263],"3.3V),":[264],"range":[266],"input":[269,376],"0.1\u00f724\u03bcA,":[272],"time":[275],"less":[277],"than":[278],"1":[279],"\u03bcs,":[280],"consumption":[283,364],"(microwatts).":[284],"ADC":[291,344,367,429],"after":[292],"conversion.":[295],"Each":[296],"channel":[297,342],"consists":[298],"digital-analog":[301],"(DC).":[303],"amount":[305],"DC":[307,351],"not":[309],"exclusive":[310],"digits":[315],"formed":[318],"code,":[319],"iteration":[323,346,369],"type,":[324],"only":[325,357,371],"one":[326,350],"cell":[327],"DC,":[329],"complemented":[330],"by":[331],"device":[333],"selection":[335],"holding":[337],"(SHD),":[338],"required.":[340],"One":[341],"SHD,":[353],"35":[358],"transistors.":[360],"general":[362],"50\u00f7100\u03bcW,":[372],"if":[373],"maximum":[375],"4\u03bcA.":[379],"ADCs":[381],"6-8":[383],"bit":[384],"binary":[385],"Gray":[387],"codes":[388],"good":[390],"dynamic":[391],"characteristics":[392],"(frequency":[393],"digitization":[395],"even":[396],"1.5\u03bcm":[398],"CMOS-technologies":[399],"10MHz":[401],"more).":[403],"In":[404],"ADCs,":[406],"easily":[407],"code":[409],"realized.":[412],"OrCAD":[423],"shown.":[425],"open":[433],"new":[434],"prospects":[435],"realization":[437],"MIMO-operands.":[446]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-09-27T00:00:00"}
