{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2890857421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2018.1495223","title":"Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Microwave and Conventional Heated Almond Shells Using Phosphoric Acid Activation","display_name":"Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Microwave and Conventional Heated Almond Shells Using Phosphoric Acid Activation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2890857421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2018.1495223","mag":"2890857421"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00032719.2018.1495223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2018.1495223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2018.1495223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152476886","display_name":"Analytical Letters","issn_l":"0003-2719","issn":["0003-2719","1532-236X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Analytical Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045824119","display_name":"Mehmet Sait \u0130zgi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3685-3219","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3685-3219"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149717392","display_name":"Siirt \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/05ptwtz25","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149717392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehmet Sait \u0130zgi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149717392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087849835","display_name":"Cafer Saka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2534-5921","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2534-5921"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149717392","display_name":"Siirt \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/05ptwtz25","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149717392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cafer Saka","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Health, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Health, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149717392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033907439","display_name":"Orhan Baytar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-202X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-202X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149717392","display_name":"Siirt \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/05ptwtz25","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149717392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Orhan Baytar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149717392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064642310","display_name":"Gamze Sara\u00e7o\u011flu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149717392","display_name":"Siirt \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/05ptwtz25","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149717392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gamze Sara\u00e7o\u011flu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149717392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076796562","display_name":"\u00d6mer \u015eahin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4575-3762","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4575-3762"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149717392","display_name":"Siirt \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/05ptwtz25","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149717392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u00d6mer \u015eahin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149717392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076796562"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149717392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4339,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87494152,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"5","first_page":"772","last_page":"789"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10016","display_name":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10016","display_name":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.018699999898672104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12270","display_name":"Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Applications","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activated-carbon","display_name":"activated carbon","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/almond-shell","display_name":"almond shell","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphoric-acid-activation","display_name":"phosphoric acid activation","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-heating","display_name":"microwave heating","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conventional-heating","display_name":"conventional heating","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-derived-carbon","display_name":"biomass-derived carbon","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-area","display_name":"surface area","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methylene-blue-adsorption","display_name":"methylene blue adsorption","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iodine-value","display_name":"iodine value","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-optimization","display_name":"process optimization","score":0.6129999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60100273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902806","display_name":"Thermogravimetric analysis","level":2,"score":0.8795931339263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779647737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190878","display_name":"Activated carbon","level":3,"score":0.8518948554992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776622989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184782","display_name":"Phosphoric acid","level":2,"score":0.8409421443939209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.8151583671569824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96278889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192414","display_name":"Gravimetric analysis","level":2,"score":0.6404513716697693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160892712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5898250341415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150394285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254","display_name":"Adsorption","level":2,"score":0.5464205145835876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.5461136698722839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776275140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127956","display_name":"Microwave oven","level":3,"score":0.5442128777503967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.5117402076721191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13965031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545","display_name":"Nuclear chemistry","level":1,"score":0.5020701885223389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779191827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422134","display_name":"Methylene blue","level":4,"score":0.48482954502105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.4773198068141937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64012178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898793","display_name":"Iodine value","level":2,"score":0.433359831571579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.35302186012268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24592888355255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.17081615328788757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.1569330096244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.15234032273292542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.12369352579116821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.08688661456108093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.044794946908950806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218831","display_name":"Photocatalysis","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00032719.2018.1495223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2018.1495223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2018.1495223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152476886","display_name":"Analytical Letters","issn_l":"0003-2719","issn":["0003-2719","1532-236X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Analytical Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.807699978351593,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F5293741267","display_name":"Siirt \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/05ptwtz25"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1947675602","https://openalex.org/W1964755780","https://openalex.org/W1966553545","https://openalex.org/W1968520395","https://openalex.org/W1972176853","https://openalex.org/W1977477839","https://openalex.org/W1978230527","https://openalex.org/W1984821986","https://openalex.org/W1987087042","https://openalex.org/W1988969896","https://openalex.org/W1995510675","https://openalex.org/W2003057582","https://openalex.org/W2003679643","https://openalex.org/W2004726491","https://openalex.org/W2008176702","https://openalex.org/W2013101367","https://openalex.org/W2017715085","https://openalex.org/W2021980788","https://openalex.org/W2022441366","https://openalex.org/W2024465447","https://openalex.org/W2026208085","https://openalex.org/W2029581826","https://openalex.org/W2033349293","https://openalex.org/W2035095104","https://openalex.org/W2039278088","https://openalex.org/W2044196432","https://openalex.org/W2049397473","https://openalex.org/W2052109813","https://openalex.org/W2053936158","https://openalex.org/W2055346003","https://openalex.org/W2056998049","https://openalex.org/W2057379440","https://openalex.org/W2057527624","https://openalex.org/W2059359869","https://openalex.org/W2060552309","https://openalex.org/W2067980972","https://openalex.org/W2073563252","https://openalex.org/W2073836414","https://openalex.org/W2076816836","https://openalex.org/W2078013031","https://openalex.org/W2078675464","https://openalex.org/W2090036739","https://openalex.org/W2114227588","https://openalex.org/W2119734002","https://openalex.org/W2137878214","https://openalex.org/W2308279104","https://openalex.org/W2430662238","https://openalex.org/W2479973891","https://openalex.org/W2511198787","https://openalex.org/W2548155575","https://openalex.org/W2626551812","https://openalex.org/W2797657389","https://openalex.org/W2799421474","https://openalex.org/W2801430837","https://openalex.org/W4230730798"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2147631810","https://openalex.org/W2801430837","https://openalex.org/W2797093807","https://openalex.org/W2802280021","https://openalex.org/W3081965266","https://openalex.org/W3204726192","https://openalex.org/W2370014551","https://openalex.org/W2360498160","https://openalex.org/W2374950801","https://openalex.org/W2393932802"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Activated":[0],"carbon":[1,30],"production":[2],"from":[3],"almond":[4],"shells":[5],"using":[6,33],"phosphoric":[7,80],"acid":[8],"activation":[9],"agent":[10],"was":[11,54,100],"achieved":[12,55],"by":[13,56],"applying":[14],"both":[15],"conventional":[16,68,73],"heating":[17,20,69,74],"and":[18,25,35,45,78,93],"microwave":[19,59,63],"in":[21],"succession.":[22],"The":[23],"morphology":[24],"surface":[26,49],"properties":[27],"of":[28,51,87,90,97],"activated":[29,105],"were":[31],"studied":[32],"thermogravimetric":[34],"differential":[36],"gravimetric":[37],"analysis,":[38],"Fourier-transform":[39],"infrared":[40],"spectroscopy,":[41],"scanning":[42],"electron":[43],"microscopy,":[44],"Brunauer\u2013Emmett\u2013Teller":[46],"analysis.":[47],"A":[48],"area":[50],"1128":[52],"m2/g":[53],"optimizing":[57],"the":[58,79,103],"power":[60],"(500":[61,76],"W),":[62],"application":[64],"time":[65,70],"(15":[66],"minutes),":[67,72],"(45":[71],"temperature":[75],"\u00b0C),":[77],"acid:sample":[81],"ratio":[82],"(0.7:1).":[83],"An":[84],"adsorption":[85],"capacity":[86],"methylene":[88],"blue":[89],"148":[91],"mg/g":[92,99],"an":[94],"iodine":[95],"value":[96],"791":[98],"obtained":[101],"for":[102],"prepared":[104],"carbon.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2018-09-27T00:00:00"}