{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2890780397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.029","title":"Urinary cadmium concentrations and metabolic syndrome in U.S. adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001\u20132014","display_name":"Urinary cadmium concentrations and metabolic syndrome in U.S. adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001\u20132014","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2890780397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.029","mag":"2890780397","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30243183","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6786759"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.029","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018302794/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143381477","display_name":"Environment International","issn_l":"0160-4120","issn":["0160-4120","1873-6750"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018302794/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112371275","display_name":"Nudrat Noor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0400-7835","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0400-7835"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nudrat Noor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025403795","display_name":"Geng Zong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0372-8262","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0372-8262"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geng Zong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030601213","display_name":"Ellen W. Seely","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4425-1878","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4425-1878"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ellen W. Seely","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave., 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave., 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086410623","display_name":"Marc G. Weisskopf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4513-9834","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4513-9834"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Weisskopf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America","Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America","Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072915455","display_name":"Tamarra M James-Todd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3589-5169","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3589-5169"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tamarra James-Todd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02120, United States of America. Electronic address: tjtodd@hsph.harvard.edu","Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America","Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America","Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02120, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02120, United States of America. Electronic address: tjtodd@hsph.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02120, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072915455"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":{"value":4750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4750},"apc_paid":{"value":4750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4750},"fwci":4.6774,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96194512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"121","issue":"Pt 1","first_page":"349","last_page":"356"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10915","display_name":"Trace Elements in Health","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urinary-cadmium","display_name":"urinary cadmium","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-syndrome","display_name":"metabolic syndrome","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium-exposure","display_name":"cadmium exposure","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abdominal-obesity","display_name":"abdominal obesity","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-hdl-cholesterol","display_name":"low HDL cholesterol","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-cotinine","display_name":"serum cotinine","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomonitoring","display_name":"biomonitoring","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-disease-risk","display_name":"chronic disease risk","score":0.47999998927116394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779874844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1967281","display_name":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","level":3,"score":0.8741254806518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7548302412033081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.6716625690460205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.5532045364379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77411442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181100","display_name":"Urinary system","level":2,"score":0.49938392639160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777693730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140549","display_name":"Abdominal obesity","level":4,"score":0.4972250759601593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544657597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091","display_name":"Cadmium","level":2,"score":0.47965577244758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.4743845760822296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780306776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426660","display_name":"Creatinine","level":2,"score":0.4527885317802429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.446016788482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.4434545040130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.43941164016723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.34747374057769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.33678698539733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2678300738334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.07065203785896301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002104","descriptor_name":"Cadmium","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002104","descriptor_name":"Cadmium","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003367","descriptor_name":"Cotinine","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004781","descriptor_name":"Environmental Exposure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009749","descriptor_name":"Nutrition Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024821","descriptor_name":"Metabolic Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024821","descriptor_name":"Metabolic Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024821","descriptor_name":"Metabolic Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.029","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018302794/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143381477","display_name":"Environment International","issn_l":"0160-4120","issn":["0160-4120","1873-6750"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment International","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30243183","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30243183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment international","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5844173","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6786759","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6786759","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6786759","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Environ Int","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:16750060a6b44aa7b7acd1458c01f836","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/16750060a6b44aa7b7acd1458c01f836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Environment International, Vol 121, Iss , Pp 349-356 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.029","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018302794/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143381477","display_name":"Environment International","issn_l":"0160-4120","issn":["0160-4120","1873-6750"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4769690452","display_name":"Harvard Chan School NIEHS Center for Environmental Health","funder_award_id":"P30ES000002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6710017717","display_name":"Training Program in Environmental Epidemiology","funder_award_id":"T32ES007069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G880078798","display_name":"Blood Pressure in Postmenopausal Women: A GCRC Study","funder_award_id":"K24RR018613","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","display_name":"National Center for Research Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890780397.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890780397.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65882130","https://openalex.org/W1057688359","https://openalex.org/W1574029579","https://openalex.org/W1579491283","https://openalex.org/W1782876306","https://openalex.org/W1858494250","https://openalex.org/W1964043583","https://openalex.org/W1969492071","https://openalex.org/W1972925892","https://openalex.org/W1977916674","https://openalex.org/W1978332997","https://openalex.org/W1982406683","https://openalex.org/W1984513597","https://openalex.org/W1986184056","https://openalex.org/W1992931470","https://openalex.org/W1995478356","https://openalex.org/W1996026179","https://openalex.org/W2014818573","https://openalex.org/W2024728892","https://openalex.org/W2025540496","https://openalex.org/W2036372427","https://openalex.org/W2044930668","https://openalex.org/W2045204738","https://openalex.org/W2048308534","https://openalex.org/W2060308997","https://openalex.org/W2065633977","https://openalex.org/W2067308559","https://openalex.org/W2070152071","https://openalex.org/W2074068536","https://openalex.org/W2077065305","https://openalex.org/W2079633658","https://openalex.org/W2081425453","https://openalex.org/W2082645779","https://openalex.org/W2113973351","https://openalex.org/W2114289304","https://openalex.org/W2123289485","https://openalex.org/W2130363080","https://openalex.org/W2132519757","https://openalex.org/W2133236243","https://openalex.org/W2139693177","https://openalex.org/W2144590229","https://openalex.org/W2152015582","https://openalex.org/W2155211179","https://openalex.org/W2156012627","https://openalex.org/W2159727241","https://openalex.org/W2172036559","https://openalex.org/W2327097432","https://openalex.org/W2327825508","https://openalex.org/W2342122214","https://openalex.org/W2344335473","https://openalex.org/W2394903787","https://openalex.org/W2409062236","https://openalex.org/W2475265505","https://openalex.org/W2492282451","https://openalex.org/W2524346406","https://openalex.org/W2559313393","https://openalex.org/W2597533641","https://openalex.org/W2612996853","https://openalex.org/W2620558147","https://openalex.org/W2765535683"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245294689","https://openalex.org/W7153109057","https://openalex.org/W4309066238","https://openalex.org/W4393302534","https://openalex.org/W2944013825","https://openalex.org/W4281627947","https://openalex.org/W4413192312","https://openalex.org/W4280531132","https://openalex.org/W1996366994","https://openalex.org/W3197512048"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Low":[1],"to":[2],"moderate":[3],"acute":[4],"cadmium":[5,30,59,138,168,206,257,274],"exposure":[6,275],"has":[7],"been":[8],"associated":[9,208,242,259,277],"with":[10,163,209,243,260,271,278],"increased":[11,186,210,245,279],"risk":[12,246,280],"of":[13,33,49,160,166,172,212,225,231,236,247,281],"chronic":[14],"diseases,":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17],"cardiovascular":[18],"and":[19,53,63,96,117,121,139,215,285],"kidney":[20],"disease.":[21],"Little":[22],"is":[23],"known":[24],"about":[25],"the":[26,50,126,250,267],"association":[27,135],"between":[28,136],"urinary":[29,137,167,205,232],"levels-an":[31],"indicator":[32],"longer-term":[34],"exposure-and":[35],"metabolic":[36],"syndrome":[37],"(MetS).":[38],"METHODS:":[39],"We":[40],"analysed":[41],"data":[42],"from":[43],"3982":[44],"participants":[45,162],"aged":[46],"20-<80":[47],"years":[48],"National":[51,82],"Health":[52],"Nutrition":[54],"Examination":[55],"Survey":[56],"2001-2014.":[57],"Urinary":[58],"levels":[60,72,165,230],"were":[61,73,101,154,240,266],"measured":[62],"adjusted":[64],"for":[65,108,114,143,177,188,193,221],"creatinine":[66],"using":[67,103],"spot":[68],"urine":[69,256],"samples.":[70],"Cadmium":[71],"evaluated":[74],"in":[75,249],"quintiles":[76],"(Q).":[77],"MetS":[78,140,248,262],"was":[79,131,207,258],"defined":[80],"by":[81,119],"Cholesterol":[83],"Education":[84],"Program's":[85],"Adult":[86],"Treatment":[87],"Panel":[88],"III":[89],"report":[90],"criteria.":[91],"Prevalence":[92],"odds":[93,171,187,211],"ratios":[94],"(OR)":[95],"95%":[97,148,182,198],"confidence":[98],"intervals":[99],"(CI)":[100],"calculated":[102],"multivariable":[104],"logistic":[105],"regression":[106],"accounting":[107,220],"complex":[109],"survey":[110],"design,":[111],"while":[112],"adjusting":[113],"potential":[115],"confounders":[116],"stratifying":[118],"sex":[120],"smoking":[122,226],"status.":[123],"RESULTS:":[124],"In":[125],"overall":[127,251],"study":[128,252],"population,":[129],"there":[130],"a":[132,234],"marginal":[133],"inverse":[134],"(adj.":[141,175,191],"OR":[142,176,192],"Q5":[144,178,194],"versus":[145,179,195],"Q1:":[146],"0.7;":[147],"CI:":[149,183,199],"0.5-1.0).":[150],"Sex":[151],"stratified":[152],"models":[153],"similar.":[155],"When":[156],"examining":[157],"individual":[158],"components":[159],"MetS,":[161,213,282],"higher":[164,204,255,272],"had":[169],"decreased":[170],"abdominal":[173],"obesity":[174],"Q1":[180,196],"0.4;":[181],"0.3-0.6),":[184],"but":[185],"low":[189,216,283],"HDL":[190,217],"2.1;":[197],"1.4-3.1).":[200],"Among":[201],"current":[202],"smokers,":[203],"hypertension,":[214],"even":[218],"after":[219],"serum":[222],"cotinine-a":[223],"marker":[224,235],"intensity.":[227],"CONCLUSIONS:":[228],"Higher":[229],"cadmium,":[233],"long":[237],"term":[238],"exposure,":[239],"not":[241],"an":[244],"population.":[253],"However,":[254],"altered":[261],"components.":[263],"Current":[264],"smokers":[265],"most":[268],"vulnerable":[269],"group,":[270],"long-term":[273],"being":[276],"HDL,":[284],"hypertension.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2018-09-27T00:00:00"}