{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2890635858","doi":null,"title":"Exploring Heterogeneity in Autism Neuroendophenotypes: Effects of Genetic Risk, Gender, and Behavioral Symptomatology","display_name":"Exploring Heterogeneity in Autism Neuroendophenotypes: Effects of Genetic Risk, Gender, and Behavioral Symptomatology","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2890635858","mag":"2890635858"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:qt29s9s9jf","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/29s9s9jf","pdf_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/29s9s9jf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hernandez, Leanna. (2018). Exploring Heterogeneity in Autism Neuroendophenotypes: Effects of Genetic Risk, Gender, and Behavioral Symptomatology. UCLA: Neuroscience 004F. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/29s9s9jf","raw_type":"dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/29s9s9jf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054676208","display_name":"Leanna M. Hernandez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-7810","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-7810"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leanna M. Hernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-7810","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054676208"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11772","display_name":"Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11541","display_name":"Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"autism spectrum disorder","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-connectivity","display_name":"functional connectivity","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reward-network","display_name":"reward network","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleus-accumbens","display_name":"nucleus accumbens","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxytocin-receptor-gene","display_name":"oxytocin receptor gene","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auditory-processing","display_name":"auditory processing","score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-communication","display_name":"social communication","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroplasticity","display_name":"neuroplasticity","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-treatment","display_name":"personalized treatment","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-and-adolescents","display_name":"children and adolescents","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroimaging","display_name":"neuroimaging","score":0.44999998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778538070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436063","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","level":3,"score":0.6977816820144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.673835277557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.6063935160636902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776552330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476178","display_name":"Nucleus accumbens","level":3,"score":0.6057618856430054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.5298205018043518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5030836462974548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181612422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14908140","display_name":"Oxytocin receptor","level":3,"score":0.457514226436615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779388368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3450985","display_name":"Neurodevelopmental disorder","level":3,"score":0.4290200471878052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3804471492767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3340544104576111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776176026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169960","display_name":"Oxytocin","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:qt29s9s9jf","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/29s9s9jf","pdf_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/29s9s9jf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hernandez, Leanna. (2018). Exploring Heterogeneity in Autism Neuroendophenotypes: Effects of Genetic Risk, Gender, and Behavioral Symptomatology. UCLA: Neuroscience 004F. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/29s9s9jf","raw_type":"dissertation"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt29s9s9jf","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/29s9s9jf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"etd"},{"id":"mag:2890635858","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/29s9s9jf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:qt29s9s9jf","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/29s9s9jf","pdf_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/29s9s9jf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hernandez, Leanna. (2018). Exploring Heterogeneity in Autism Neuroendophenotypes: Effects of Genetic Risk, Gender, and Behavioral Symptomatology. UCLA: Neuroscience 004F. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/29s9s9jf","raw_type":"dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G284355771","display_name":"High Capacity Storage System for Computational Biology","funder_award_id":"1s10od011939-01a1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4433318896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"S10OD011939","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4785119102","display_name":"Gene-brain-environment interactions as determinants of typical and atypical developmental trajectories","funder_award_id":"F99NS105206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6550684596","display_name":"AN INFORMATICS FACILITY FOR NEUROIMAGING","funder_award_id":"C06RR015431","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7001273160","display_name":"Heterogeneity in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Biological Mechanisms, Trajectories, and Treatment Response","funder_award_id":"P50HD055784","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7075553088","display_name":"EXTRAMURAL RESEARCH FACILITIES CONSTRUCTION","funder_award_id":"C06RR012169","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7316547032","display_name":"Training Grant in Neurobehavioral Genetics","funder_award_id":"T32MH073526","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000234141","display_name":"Autism Center of Excellence Network: Neurodevelopmental Biomarkers of Late Diagnosis in Autism","funder_award_id":"R01MH100028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314405","display_name":"Ahmanson Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01eywvb34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317667","display_name":"Brain Mapping Support Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337364","display_name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","display_name":"National Center for Research Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890635858.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890635858.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2139070518","https://openalex.org/W2153654111","https://openalex.org/W2168176539","https://openalex.org/W2591156875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3010132840","https://openalex.org/W2554596146","https://openalex.org/W3114837361","https://openalex.org/W7204228213","https://openalex.org/W4387684439","https://openalex.org/W269838763","https://openalex.org/W2389554067","https://openalex.org/W2163946896","https://openalex.org/W7213729946","https://openalex.org/W7099532158"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autism":[0],"Spectrum":[1],"Disorder":[2],"(ASD)":[3],"is":[4,237,547],"a":[5,75,112,159,181,195,201,212,304,402],"heritable":[6],"neurodevelopmental":[7],"disorder":[8,23],"in":[9,26,65,87,124,153,200,214,231,246,250,260,295,315,371,377,389,394,409,419,429,436,445,468,501,534,549],"which":[10,133,183,307,404],"manifestations":[11],"of":[12,36,39,57,109,140,161,165,188,197,205,218,242,276,291,321,350,386,391,456,465,474,486,496,504,537,545],"behavioral":[13,18,407],"symptomology":[14],"vary":[15,129],"widely.":[16],"Core":[17],"deficits":[19],"associated":[20,264,441,483],"with":[21,33,89,207,252,265,297,341,361,421,442,471,484,513,520,551],"the":[22,34,55,81,106,138,150,154,162,189,215,219,222,232,261,279,288,329,334,354,372,384,453,462,493,498,502,535,542],"include":[24],"impairments":[25],"social":[27,30,366,417,463],"communication":[28],"and":[29,72,83,95,120,126,157,176,208,249,282,293,298,343,357,379,416,422,514,553],"interactions,":[31],"along":[32],"presence":[35,536],"repetitive":[37],"patterns":[38,241],"behavior,":[40],"restricted":[41],"interests,":[42],"and/or":[43],"altered":[44,123,172],"sensory":[45,411,476],"responsivity":[46,412],"to":[47,61,104,137,149,171,239,312,433,461,479,528],"external":[48],"stimuli.":[49],"The":[50],"last":[51],"decade":[52],"has":[53],"seen":[54],"rate":[56],"ASD":[58,90,93,110,125,255,316,342,381,469,518,552],"diagnosis":[59,71],"rise":[60],"an":[62,147,309],"estimated":[63],"1":[64,145],"every":[66],"59":[67],"children,":[68],"making":[69],"early":[70],"effective":[73,97],"treatment":[74],"critical":[76],"public":[77],"health":[78],"concern.":[79],"However,":[80],"neurobiological":[82,107,163],"phenotypic":[84],"heterogeneity":[85,199],"present":[86],"individuals":[88,550],"makes":[91],"discerning":[92],"etiologies":[94],"developing":[96],"treatments":[98],"very":[99],"challenging.":[100],"This":[101],"dissertation":[102],"seeks":[103],"examine":[105,313],"underpinnings":[108],"from":[111,401],"multidimensional":[113],"perspective":[114],"\u2013":[115],"investigating":[116,318],"how":[117,127,185,406],"brain":[118,173,359],"function":[119,196],"connectivity":[121,187,245,277,352],"are":[122],"they":[128],"among":[130],"affected":[131],"individuals,":[132],"may":[134],"ultimately":[135],"contribute":[136],"development":[139],"targeted,":[141],"individualized":[142],"treatment.":[143],"Chapter":[144,178,301,397],"provides":[146],"Introduction":[148],"research":[151],"conducted":[152],"following":[155],"chapters":[156],"gives":[158],"review":[160],"basis":[164],"ASD,":[166,516],"describing":[167],"neuroimaging":[168],"findings":[169,286,426],"related":[170,305],"structure,":[174],"function,":[175],"connectivity.":[177,327],"2":[179,302],"describes":[180,303],"study":[182,226,306,403],"investigated":[184],"functional":[186,351],"brain\u2019s":[190],"reward":[191,220,243,325,355],"network":[192,244,268,326,356],"varies":[193],"as":[194],"genetic":[198,229,258,337],"predominantly":[202],"male":[203,378],"cohort":[204],"youth":[206,272,296,420,470,512,519],"without":[209,299,423,515],"ASD.":[210,253,395,424],"Using":[211],"seed":[213],"subcortical":[216],"hub":[217],"network,":[221],"nucleus":[223,280],"accumbens,":[224],"this":[225],"showed":[227,273,331,427],"that":[228,332,428,511,541],"variability":[230,370,408],"oxytocin":[233],"receptor":[234],"gene":[235],"(OXTR)":[236],"linked":[238],"distinct":[240,375],"neurotypical":[247,271,344,430],"children":[248,251],"In":[254,368],"youth,":[256,382,431],"increased":[257,443,494],"risk":[259,292,338],"OXTR":[262,322,336,373],"was":[263,440,482],"reduced":[266],"within":[267],"connectivity,":[269],"whereas":[270],"compensatory":[274],"upregulation":[275,349],"between":[278,353],"accumbens":[281],"frontal":[283,358],"cortex.":[284],"These":[285,508],"elucidate":[287],"neural":[289,526],"mechanisms":[290,459,527],"resilience":[294],"autism.":[300],"used":[308],"imaging-genetics":[310],"approach":[311],"sex-differences":[314],"by":[317],"gender-specific":[319],"effects":[320,364,376],"variants":[323],"on":[324,365,530],"Here,":[328],"results":[330],"under":[333],"same":[335],"load,":[339],"females":[340,388],"males":[345],"display":[346],"similar":[347],"neuroplastic":[348],"regions,":[360,450],"identical":[362],"positive":[363],"behavior.":[367],"addition,":[369],"had":[374],"female":[380],"underscoring":[383],"importance":[385],"including":[387],"studies":[390],"gene-brain":[392],"interactions":[393],"Finally,":[396],"3":[398],"presents":[399],"data":[400,509],"explored":[405],"auditory":[410,475,506,522],"affects":[413],"discourse":[414],"processing":[415,497],"attention":[418,458],"Study":[425],"listening":[432,478],"conversations":[434,481],"shrouded":[435],"distracting":[437,538],"environmental":[438],"noises":[439],"activity":[444],"canonical":[446],"left":[447],"hemisphere":[448,489],"language":[449,490],"likely":[451],"reflecting":[452,492],"automatic":[454],"engagement":[455],"selective":[457],"due":[460],"salience":[464,544],"speech.":[466],"Conversely,":[467],"high":[472,521,554],"levels":[473],"over-responsivity,":[477],"such":[480],"recruitment":[485],"contralateral":[487],"right":[488],"homologues,":[491],"difficulty":[495],"speech":[499,546],"signal":[500],"context":[503],"competing":[505],"input.":[507],"indicate":[510],"particularly":[517],"sensitivity,":[523],"use":[524],"different":[525],"\u201chone-in\u201d":[529],"socially":[531],"relevant":[532],"information":[533],"stimuli,":[539],"suggesting":[540],"intrinsic":[543],"disrupted":[548],"sensory-over":[555],"responsivity.":[556]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-09-27T00:00:00"}