{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2890633807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201809.0152.v1","title":"Effect of Rainfall Variability on the Maize Varieties Grown in a Changing Climate: A Case of Smallholder Farming in Hwedza, Zimbabwe","display_name":"Effect of Rainfall Variability on the Maize Varieties Grown in a Changing Climate: A Case of Smallholder Farming in Hwedza, Zimbabwe","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2890633807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201809.0152.v1","mag":"2890633807"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0152.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201809.0152.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201809.0152.v1","pdf_url":"https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/201809.0152/v1/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/201809.0152/v1/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071195507","display_name":"Hillary Mugiyo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2121-357X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2121-357X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hillary Mugiyo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062016913","display_name":"Tedious Mhizha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153455119","display_name":"University of Zimbabwe","ror":"https://ror.org/04ze6rb18","country_code":"ZW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153455119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA","ZW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tedious Mhizha","raw_affiliation_strings":[".Department of Physics, University of Zimbabwe and School of Agricultural, Earth and 3. Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":".Department of Physics, University of Zimbabwe and School of Agricultural, Earth and 3. Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153455119","https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005970114","display_name":"Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9323-8127","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9323-8127"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9323-8127","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062016913","https://openalex.org/A5071195507"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153455119","https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13628","display_name":"Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainfall-variability","display_name":"rainfall variability","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize-yield","display_name":"maize yield","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farming","display_name":"smallholder farming","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-impacts","display_name":"climate change impacts","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize-varieties","display_name":"maize varieties","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sowing-date","display_name":"sowing date","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-calendar","display_name":"agricultural calendar","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-system","display_name":"decision support system","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainy-days","display_name":"rainy days","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-insecurity","display_name":"food insecurity","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zimbabwe","display_name":"Zimbabwe","score":0.5450000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777399377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17073957","display_name":"DSSAT","level":3,"score":0.8128752708435059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13558536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785116","display_name":"Cropping","level":3,"score":0.7005580067634583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.6202988624572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197321923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4886","display_name":"Cultivar","level":2,"score":0.6057223081588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5971480011940002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.5854942202568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.5657376050949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.5507999062538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150772632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709","display_name":"Arid","level":2,"score":0.5396234393119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9777977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146575","display_name":"Dry season","level":2,"score":0.486448734998703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778157034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12111","display_name":"Sorghum","level":2,"score":0.47829991579055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.46579301357269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137660486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732240","display_name":"Growing season","level":2,"score":0.4630347192287445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776394811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3634497","display_name":"Cropping system","level":3,"score":0.43764322996139526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.42061957716941833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776709785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926906","display_name":"Dryland farming","level":3,"score":0.4176483750343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52322663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3117517","display_name":"Wet season","level":2,"score":0.41233718395233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3373715281486511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2515566349029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.10077705979347229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0152.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201809.0152.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201809.0152.v1","pdf_url":"https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/201809.0152/v1/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0152.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201809.0152.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201809.0152.v1","pdf_url":"https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/201809.0152/v1/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"score":0.6337000131607056,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890633807.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890633807.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527610625","https://openalex.org/W1601288337","https://openalex.org/W1791455461","https://openalex.org/W1863461295","https://openalex.org/W1900185178","https://openalex.org/W1966075594","https://openalex.org/W1966335615","https://openalex.org/W1968883408","https://openalex.org/W1980782222","https://openalex.org/W1985264945","https://openalex.org/W1987599322","https://openalex.org/W1988047451","https://openalex.org/W1991223815","https://openalex.org/W2003298025","https://openalex.org/W2005198451","https://openalex.org/W2015186112","https://openalex.org/W2020377773","https://openalex.org/W2024527589","https://openalex.org/W2036129779","https://openalex.org/W2036426089","https://openalex.org/W2064230980","https://openalex.org/W2085446849","https://openalex.org/W2087926572","https://openalex.org/W2093943672","https://openalex.org/W2099149812","https://openalex.org/W2119449982","https://openalex.org/W2139416101","https://openalex.org/W2158883105","https://openalex.org/W2161703047","https://openalex.org/W2325803674","https://openalex.org/W2501946552","https://openalex.org/W2514169478","https://openalex.org/W2542548314","https://openalex.org/W2616944598","https://openalex.org/W2769992513","https://openalex.org/W2790841951","https://openalex.org/W2791003970","https://openalex.org/W2792486457","https://openalex.org/W2807898467","https://openalex.org/W4245915774"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2128939250","https://openalex.org/W2150071076","https://openalex.org/W2766840910","https://openalex.org/W2418762074","https://openalex.org/W7159952226","https://openalex.org/W2182817285","https://openalex.org/W2099662871","https://openalex.org/W4388001480","https://openalex.org/W4223986789","https://openalex.org/W2969358281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rain-fed":[0],"maize":[1,31,61,77,95,105,153,169,178,196],"production":[2],"has":[3],"significantly":[4],"declined":[5],"in":[6,9,97,202],"Zimbabwe":[7],"especially":[8],"semi-arid":[10],"and":[11,29,49,52,58,76,85,94,138,152,180,198],"arid":[12],"areas":[13],"causing":[14],"food":[15,109],"insecurity.":[16],"Erratic":[17],"rainfall":[18,48,92],"received":[19],"associated":[20],"with":[21,168],"mid-season":[22],"dry":[23],"spells":[24],"largely":[25],"contribute":[26],"to":[27,64,88,215],"low":[28],"variable":[30],"yields.":[32],"This":[33],"study":[34,99],"involved":[35],"a":[36],"survey":[37,123],"of":[38,44,55,60,113,127,145,149,158,193,207,212,224],"current":[39],"farmers\u2019":[40],"cropping":[41],"practices,":[42],"analyses":[43,87],"climatic":[45,75,150],"data":[46,79,151],"(daily":[47],"daily":[50],"minimum":[51],"maximum":[53],"temperature)":[54],"Hwedza":[56],"station":[57],"simulation":[59,72],"yield":[62,78,96,154,172],"response":[63],"climate":[65],"change":[66],"using":[67,82],"DSSAT":[68],"CERES":[69],"crop":[70],"growth":[71],"model.":[73],"The":[74,122,143,205],"was":[80,106],"analysed":[81],"mean":[83],"correlation":[84,147],"regression":[86],"establish":[89],"relationships":[90],"between":[91,177],"characteristics":[93],"the":[98,107,114,128,146,191,199,219,222],"area.":[100],"Survey":[101],"results":[102],"showed":[103,155],"that":[104,125,156],"staple":[108],"grown":[110],"by":[111],"100%":[112],"farming":[115],"households":[116],"while":[117],"8.7%":[118],"also":[119],"grew":[120,130],"sorghum.":[121],"concludes":[124],"56.2%":[126],"farmers":[129],"short":[131],"season":[132,136,141,195],"varieties,":[133],"40.2%":[134],"medium":[135,194],"varieties":[137],"3.6%":[139],"long":[140],"varieties.":[142],"result":[144],"analysis":[148],"number":[157],"rain":[159],"days":[160],"had":[161],"strong":[162],"positive":[163],"relationship":[164],"(r":[165],"=":[166],"0.7)":[167],"yield.":[170],"Non-significant":[171],"differences":[173],"(p":[174],">":[175],"0.05)":[176],"cultivar":[179,197],"planting":[181],"date":[182],"criteria":[183],"were":[184,188],"obtained.":[185],"Highest":[186],"yields":[187,211],"obtained":[189],"under":[190],"combination":[192],"DEPTH":[200],"criterion":[201],"all":[203],"simulations.":[204],"range":[206],"simulated":[208],"district":[209],"average":[210],"0.4":[213],"t/ha":[214,217],"1.8":[216],"formed":[218],"basis":[220],"for":[221],"development":[223],"an":[225],"operational":[226],"decision":[227],"support":[228],"tool":[229],"(cropping":[230],"calendar).":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2018-09-27T00:00:00"}
