{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2890611994","doi":null,"title":"Sensitivities of some Reference Evapotranspiration Models to the Key Climatic Variables in Northeastern Nigeria","display_name":"Sensitivities of some Reference Evapotranspiration Models to the Key Climatic Variables in Northeastern Nigeria","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2890611994","mag":"2890611994"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.azojete.com.ng:article/407","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://azojete.com.ng/index.php/azojete/article/view/407","pdf_url":"https://azojete.com.ng/index.php/azojete/article/download/407/279","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739249997","display_name":"ARID ZONE JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT","issn_l":"2545-5818","issn":["2545-5818","1596-2644"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311021","host_organization_name":"University of Maiduguri","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311021"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Maiduguri"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1596-2644","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://azojete.com.ng/index.php/azojete/article/download/407/279","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010367645","display_name":"Jibrin Musa Dibal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64351976","display_name":"University of Maiduguri","ror":"https://ror.org/016na8197","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64351976"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. M. Dibal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering  Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering  Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64351976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074192471","display_name":"A. U. Bashir","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64351976","display_name":"University of Maiduguri","ror":"https://ror.org/016na8197","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64351976"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. U. Bashir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering  Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering  Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64351976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112678086","display_name":"M. Haruna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2270-8029","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2270-8029"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64351976","display_name":"University of Maiduguri","ror":"https://ror.org/016na8197","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64351976"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Haruna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering  Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering  Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64351976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114083025","display_name":"N. A. Abubakar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169864488","display_name":"Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University","ror":"https://ror.org/019vfke14","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169864488"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. A. Abubakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Agricultural and Bio-Resources Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Agricultural and Bio-Resources Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169864488"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":35000,"currency":"NGN","value_usd":null},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00416727,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"91","last_page":"102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-evapotranspiration","display_name":"reference evapotranspiration","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penman-monteith-equation","display_name":"Penman-Monteith equation","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hargreaves-samani","display_name":"Hargreaves-Samani","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blaney-criddle-method","display_name":"Blaney-Criddle method","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jensen-haise","display_name":"Jensen-Haise","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thornthwaite","display_name":"Thornthwaite","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatic-variables","display_name":"climatic variables","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"wind speed","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vapor-pressure-deficit","display_name":"vapor pressure deficit","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-radiation","display_name":"solar radiation","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-temperature","display_name":"air temperature","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northeast-nigeria","display_name":"North-East Nigeria","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maiduguri","display_name":"Maiduguri","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yobe-state","display_name":"Yobe State","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/borno-state","display_name":"Borno State","score":0.847000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176783924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828158","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","level":2,"score":0.8006687164306641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.595163106918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.5417580604553223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.5283397436141968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126645576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166620","display_name":"Drainage basin","level":2,"score":0.4420608580112457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.41584163904190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3597218990325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.3379858136177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.21927186846733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.15427044034004211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.13775578141212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08339011669158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.azojete.com.ng:article/407","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://azojete.com.ng/index.php/azojete/article/view/407","pdf_url":"https://azojete.com.ng/index.php/azojete/article/download/407/279","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739249997","display_name":"ARID ZONE JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT","issn_l":"2545-5818","issn":["2545-5818","1596-2644"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311021","host_organization_name":"University of Maiduguri","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311021"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Maiduguri"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1596-2644","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:2890611994","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://azojete.com.ng/index.php/azojete/article/download/407/279","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Arid zone journal of engineering technology and environment/Arid Zone Journal of Engineering Technology and Environment","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.azojete.com.ng:article/407","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://azojete.com.ng/index.php/azojete/article/view/407","pdf_url":"https://azojete.com.ng/index.php/azojete/article/download/407/279","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739249997","display_name":"ARID ZONE JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT","issn_l":"2545-5818","issn":["2545-5818","1596-2644"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311021","host_organization_name":"University of Maiduguri","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311021"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Maiduguri"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1596-2644","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.685699999332428,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890611994.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890611994.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137701651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3025221337","https://openalex.org/W2611093260","https://openalex.org/W3013414347","https://openalex.org/W3116398917","https://openalex.org/W3217397621","https://openalex.org/W7215227664","https://openalex.org/W2232108652","https://openalex.org/W4415271801","https://openalex.org/W2121602785","https://openalex.org/W7140547818"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reference":[0],"evapotranspiration":[1],"(ETo)":[2],"models":[3,34,46,181],"are":[4],"fundamental":[5],"tools":[6],"in":[7,9,27,97,143,194,226,230],"decision-making":[8],"agricultural":[10],"water":[11],"management.":[12],"They":[13],"have":[14,246],"potential":[15],"spacio-temporal":[16],"variations":[17],"due":[18],"to":[19,59,144,206,211,218,237,245,258,287],"climatic":[20,62,299],"variability":[21],"that":[22,186,265],"challenges":[23],"their":[24],"individual":[25],"reliability":[26],"decision-making.":[28],"The":[29,44,83,139,165,239,252],"sensitivities":[30],"of":[31,61,137,224,271,297],"five":[32],"ETo":[33,274,283],"were":[35,47],"examined":[36,45],"using":[37],"the":[38,112,133,269,272,298],"factor":[39],"perturbation":[40],"simulation":[41],"approach":[42],"(FPSA).":[43],"Penman-Monteith":[48],"(PM),":[49],"Hargreaves-Samanni":[50,178],"(HS),":[51],"Blaney-Criddle":[52],"(BC),":[53],"Jensen-Haise":[54,180],"(JH)":[55],"and":[56,68,73,79,110,127,156,160,170,179,208,228,232,278,294,301],"Thornthwaite":[57],"(TW)":[58],"alteration":[60],"variables":[63,300],"(wind":[64],"speed":[65],"(U2),":[66],"maximum":[67],"minimum":[69],"air":[70],"temperatures":[71],"(Tmax":[72],"Tmin),":[74],"vapor":[75],"pressure":[76],"deficit":[77],"(VPD),":[78],"Solar":[80],"radiation":[81],"(Rn).":[82],"study":[84],"utilized":[85],"ten":[86],"years":[87],"meteorological":[88],"data":[89],"obtained":[90],"from":[91,111,167,281],"Nigerian":[92],"Meteorological":[93],"Agency":[94],"(NIMET)":[95],"offices":[96],"Maiduguri":[98],"between":[99,105,121],"(2002-2011)":[100],"for":[101,107,123,192],"Borno":[102,148,227],"State,":[103],"Potiskum":[104],"(2005-2014)":[106,122],"Yobe":[108,152],"State":[109,149,153],"Upper":[113],"Benue":[114],"River":[115],"Basin":[116],"Development":[117],"Authority,":[118],"Yola":[119],"(UBRBDAY)":[120],"Adamawa,":[124,157],"Taraba,":[125,158],"Gombe,":[126,159],"Bauchi":[128,161],"states":[129],"respectively.":[130],"Thus":[131],"covering":[132],"entire":[134],"northeastern":[135],"region":[136,140],"Nigeria.":[138],"was":[141,203,215,234,243,255,263],"fractionalized":[142],"three":[145],"zones":[146,168],"namely":[147],"(zone":[150,154,163],"A),":[151],"B)":[155],"States":[162],"C).":[164],"results":[166],"A":[169],"B":[171],"showed":[172],"some":[173],"distinctive":[174],"similarities.":[175],"Additionally,":[176],"Blaney-Criddle,":[177],"outperformed":[182],"Thorntwaite":[183,253],"model,":[184,284],"signifying":[185],"Thornwaite":[187],"model":[188,202,214,254],"is":[189],"not":[190],"suitable":[191],"application":[193],"this":[195],"region.":[196],"On":[197],"an":[198],"annual":[199],"average,":[200],"PM":[201],"most":[204,256],"sensitive":[205,210,217,236,257],"U2":[207],"least":[209,235],"Tmean.":[212],"BC":[213],"highly":[216],"n/N":[219],"with":[220],"sensitivity":[221],"coefficient":[222],"(S.C.)":[223],"3.640":[225],"3.611":[229],"Yobe,":[231],"it":[233,262],"RH.":[238],"temperature":[240],"difference":[241],"(Tmax-Tmin)":[242],"found":[244],"affected":[247],"HS":[248],"more":[249],"than":[250],"Ra.":[251],"solar":[259],"radiation.":[260],"Similarly,":[261],"observed":[264],"U":[266],"greatly":[267],"influenced":[268],"performances":[270],"studied":[273],"models.":[275],"For":[276],"accurate":[277,291],"reliable":[279],"output":[280],"any":[282],"emphases":[285],"need":[286],"be":[288],"placed":[289],"on":[290],"measurement,":[292],"documentation":[293],"systematic":[295],"handling":[296],"calibration.":[302]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-09-27T00:00:00"}