{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2890455271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jei.27.5.053001","title":"Deep learning for automated forgery detection in hyperspectral document images","display_name":"Deep learning for automated forgery detection in hyperspectral document images","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2890455271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jei.27.5.053001","mag":"2890455271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/1.jei.27.5.053001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jei.27.5.053001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jei.27.5.053001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158511090","display_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"1017-9909","issn":["1017-9909","1560-229X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037898063","display_name":"Muhammad Jaleed Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4727-4722","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4727-4722"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197827452","display_name":"Institute of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmmzv45","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Jaleed Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Space Technology","Institute of Space Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamabad"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084169027","display_name":"Adeel Yousaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0275-903X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0275-903X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197827452","display_name":"Institute of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmmzv45","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adeel Yousaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Space Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Asad Abbas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asad Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Univ. of Newcastle"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Newcastle","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103113851","display_name":"Khurram Khurshid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5632-7331","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5632-7331"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197827452","display_name":"Institute of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmmzv45","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khurram Khurshid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Space Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037898063"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.032,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94945378,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"05","first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.6205999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.6205999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.1298000067472458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.0957999974489212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/document-forgery-detection","display_name":"document forgery detection","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-networks","display_name":"convolutional neural networks","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ink-identification","display_name":"ink identification","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authorship-attribution","display_name":"authorship attribution","score":0.5709999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.9417520761489868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7900876402854919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7710722088813782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7309537529945374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109693293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496072","display_name":"Inkwell","level":2,"score":0.6706684827804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5451521277427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.540800929069519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5243542194366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176641082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2446767","display_name":"Spectral signature","level":2,"score":0.5014162063598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.49100568890571594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.47762197256088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.41926777362823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34347206354141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.2227889895439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.09577125310897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/1.jei.27.5.053001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jei.27.5.053001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jei.27.5.053001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158511090","display_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"1017-9909","issn":["1017-9909","1560-229X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:uon:45600","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1459184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196471","display_name":"NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","host_organization_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W194524482","https://openalex.org/W1832693441","https://openalex.org/W1972151323","https://openalex.org/W1990895816","https://openalex.org/W1998093007","https://openalex.org/W2005008005","https://openalex.org/W2016053056","https://openalex.org/W2019377328","https://openalex.org/W2029316659","https://openalex.org/W2030355043","https://openalex.org/W2031253668","https://openalex.org/W2031533704","https://openalex.org/W2033310064","https://openalex.org/W2044439250","https://openalex.org/W2053914263","https://openalex.org/W2076771517","https://openalex.org/W2087263574","https://openalex.org/W2090424610","https://openalex.org/W2097337867","https://openalex.org/W2097430405","https://openalex.org/W2099397676","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2133903890","https://openalex.org/W2163247119","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2179290474","https://openalex.org/W2257669061","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2288400070","https://openalex.org/W2335301317","https://openalex.org/W2500751094","https://openalex.org/W2785496686","https://openalex.org/W2786255031","https://openalex.org/W2793272303","https://openalex.org/W2798462210","https://openalex.org/W2810301424"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210666970","https://openalex.org/W4388842061","https://openalex.org/W4296160146","https://openalex.org/W4286768568","https://openalex.org/W4309551802","https://openalex.org/W4244482010","https://openalex.org/W3003930371","https://openalex.org/W7117410138","https://openalex.org/W3110518323","https://openalex.org/W4320187651"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1,21,139],"is":[2,17,97,118,149,208],"revolutionizing":[3],"the":[4,69,91,114,173,209,213,221,232,268],"already":[5],"rapidly":[6],"developing":[7],"field":[8],"of":[9,33,45,52,59,79,124,154,198,216,235,252,271],"computer":[10],"vision.":[11],"The":[12,56,151,177],"convolutional":[13],"neural":[14],"network":[15],"(CNN)":[16],"a":[18,30,98,119,160,166,186,242,247,278],"state-of-the-art":[19,137],"deep":[20,138,292],"tool":[22],"that":[23],"learns":[24],"high":[25],"level":[26],"features":[27],"directly":[28],"from":[29,159],"huge":[31],"dataset":[32],"labeled":[34],"images.":[35],"In":[36],"document":[37,63,102,133,147,162,188,244,289],"image":[38,168,189],"processing,":[39],"ink":[40,46,107,142,155,183,217,272],"analysis":[41],"allows":[42],"for":[43,122,141,175,190,200,204,281],"determination":[44],"age":[47],"and":[48,50,72,77,127,170,193,202,229,256],"forgery":[49,103,134,191,285],"identification":[51,76],"pen":[53],"or":[54],"writer.":[55],"spectral":[57,85,152],"information":[58,67],"inks":[60,80,236],"in":[61,75,101,113,145,185,238,241,261,287],"hyperspectral":[62,146,161,187,243,288],"images":[64,148,290],"provides":[65],"valuable":[66],"about":[68],"underlying":[70],"material":[71],"thus":[73],"helps":[74],"discrimination":[78],"based":[81],"on":[82,220,250,283],"their":[83],"unique":[84],"signatures":[86],"even":[87],"if":[88],"they":[89],"have":[90],"same":[92],"color.":[93],"Ink":[94,224],"mismatch":[95,108,143,218,273],"detection":[96,109,144,192,219,286],"key":[99],"step":[100],"detection.":[104,135,274],"Although":[105],"various":[106],"techniques":[110,215],"are":[111,157,259],"available":[112],"recent":[115],"literature,":[116],"there":[117],"constant":[120],"need":[121],"development":[123],"more":[125],"accurate":[126],"effective":[128],"methods":[129,270],"to":[130,165,172],"empower":[131],"automated":[132,284],"A":[136],"method":[140,179],"proposed.":[150],"responses":[153],"pixels":[156],"extracted":[158],"image,":[163],"reshaped":[164],"CNN-friendly":[167],"format":[169],"fed":[171],"CNN":[174,254],"classification.":[176],"proposed":[178],"effectively":[180],"identifies":[181],"different":[182],"types":[184],"achieves":[194],"an":[195],"overall":[196],"accuracy":[197,211],"98.2%":[199],"blue":[201],"88%":[203],"black":[205],"inks,":[206],"which":[207],"highest":[210,233],"among":[212],"latest":[214],"UWA":[222],"Writing":[223],"Hyperspectral":[225],"Images":[226],"(WIHSI)":[227],"database":[228],"differentiates":[230],"between":[231],"number":[234],"mixed":[237],"unbalanced":[239],"proportions":[240],"image.":[245],"Furthermore,":[246],"detailed":[248],"discussion":[249],"selection":[251],"appropriate":[253],"architecture":[255],"classification":[257],"results":[258],"presented":[260],"this":[262],"paper":[263],"along":[264],"with":[265,267],"comparison":[266],"former":[269],"This":[275],"research":[276,282],"opens":[277],"new":[279],"window":[280],"using":[291],"learning.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-09-27T00:00:00"}
