{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2890109628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0143624418799716","title":"Primary Energy Factors and the primary energy intensity of delivered energy: An overview of possible calculation conventions","display_name":"Primary Energy Factors and the primary energy intensity of delivered energy: An overview of possible calculation conventions","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2890109628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0143624418799716","mag":"2890109628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0143624418799716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0143624418799716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0143624418799716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146335943","display_name":"Building Services Engineering Research and Technology","issn_l":"0143-6244","issn":["0143-6244","1477-0849"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Building Services Engineering Research and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012135931","display_name":"Roger Hitchin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9817-4441","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9817-4441"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roger Hitchin","raw_affiliation_strings":["6 Fairways, Teddington, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"6 Fairways, Teddington, UK","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012135931"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2988,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76716053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"2","first_page":"198","last_page":"219"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.5781000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.5781000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.11020000278949738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12643","display_name":"Sustainability and Ecological Systems Analysis","score":0.07590000331401825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-energy-factor","display_name":"primary energy factor","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delivered-energy","display_name":"delivered energy","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-performance-of-buildings","display_name":"building energy performance","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-performance-of-buildings-directive","display_name":"Energy Performance of Buildings Directive","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-statistics","display_name":"energy statistics","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-policy","display_name":"energy policy","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reporting-transparency","display_name":"reporting transparency","score":0.4880000054836273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120441037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059714","display_name":"Primary energy","level":3,"score":0.7499637603759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1121492","display_name":"Directive","level":2,"score":0.7089046239852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6039263606071472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5580078363418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.49870944023132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4884420931339264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131046424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1805337","display_name":"Energy policy","level":3,"score":0.4607556462287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97615858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341351","display_name":"Energy intensity","level":3,"score":0.41750848293304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.40958699584007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3751490116119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3329160809516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2678070366382599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2429208755493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.23319196701049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22513750195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1570623517036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.13685005903244019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12876653671264648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12858155369758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0143624418799716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0143624418799716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0143624418799716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146335943","display_name":"Building Services Engineering Research and Technology","issn_l":"0143-6244","issn":["0143-6244","1477-0849"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Building Services Engineering Research and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5690000057220459,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574830257","https://openalex.org/W2345196730","https://openalex.org/W2778004953"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2894171418","https://openalex.org/W7209826386","https://openalex.org/W4296514890","https://openalex.org/W2971734065","https://openalex.org/W2921520874","https://openalex.org/W6980069853","https://openalex.org/W4396697627","https://openalex.org/W4233647061","https://openalex.org/W7061307153","https://openalex.org/W6922157602"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,150,240],"related":[1],"concepts":[2,54],"of":[3,21,29,50,59,95,124,128,167,179,187,194,206,248],"Primary":[4,7,14,171],"Energy":[5,8,48,172,204],"and":[6,33,39,62,76,101,132,183,233,246,275],"Factors":[9,173],"(which":[10],"describe":[11],"how":[12],"much":[13],"energy":[15,31,181,189,212],"is":[16,67,225],"contained":[17],"in":[18,43,84,264],"each":[19],"unit":[20],"delivered":[22],"energy)":[23],"are":[24,107,135,174,197,243],"used":[25,242],"for":[26,121,144,148,220],"international":[27,177],"comparisons":[28,178],"national":[30,180],"use":[32,230],"have":[34,237],"become":[35],"increasingly":[36],"important":[37,199],"regulatory":[38],"statistical":[40],"metrics,":[41],"especially":[42,198],"relation":[44],"to":[45,81,91,116,176,184,200,213,261],"the":[46,85,93,122,130,146,192,201,215],"European":[47,188],"Performance":[49,205],"Buildings":[51,207],"Directive.":[52],"As":[53],"they":[55,196],"contain":[56],"a":[57,118,125,138,142,165],"mixture":[58],"technical,":[60],"political":[61],"economic":[63],"dimensions,":[64],"so":[65,266],"it":[66,114],"perhaps":[68],"unsurprising":[69],"that":[70,106,134,227,234,267],"reported":[71,245],"values":[72],"from":[73],"different":[74,228,231],"organisations":[75],"countries":[77,229],"do":[78,262],"not":[79,153,252],"seem":[80],"be":[82,110,214,270],"calculated":[83],"same":[86],"way.":[87],"This":[88,257],"review":[89,151],"aims":[90,115],"clarify":[92],"origins":[94],"such":[96],"differences":[97],"by":[98],"identifying,":[99],"summarising":[100],"commenting":[102],"on":[103,164],"alternative":[104],"conventions":[105,133,156],"or":[108,157],"can":[109,236,269],"applied.":[111],"In":[112,191],"particular,":[113],"provide":[117,141],"starting":[119],"point":[120],"development":[123],"transparent":[126],"means":[127],"reporting":[129],"procedures":[131,158],"employed.":[136],"Such":[137],"framework":[139],"would":[140],"basis":[143],"understanding":[145],"reasons":[147],"differences.":[149],"does":[152],"recommend":[154],"specific":[155],"\u2013":[159],"preferences":[160],"will":[161],"vary,":[162],"depending":[163],"number":[166],"factors.":[168],"Practical":[169],"application:":[170],"central":[175],"consumption":[182],"several":[185],"aspects":[186],"policy.":[190],"context":[193],"buildings,":[195],"newly":[202],"revised":[203],"Directive":[208],"which":[209],"requires":[210],"primary":[211,216],"metric,":[217],"rather":[218],"than,":[219],"example,":[221],"carbon":[222],"emissions.":[223],"It":[224],"known":[226],"methodologies":[232,241],"this":[235,263],"substantial":[238],"repercussions.":[239],"rarely":[244],"range":[247],"possible":[249],"options":[250],"has":[251],"previously":[253],"been":[254],"set":[255],"out.":[256],"paper":[258],"sets":[259],"out":[260],"order":[265],"choices":[268],"made":[271],"with":[272],"greater":[273],"transparency":[274],"clarity.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-09-27T00:00:00"}