{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2889946768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5034/inquiryjrnl_46.4.418","title":"Incentives in Obesity and Health Insurance","display_name":"Incentives in Obesity and Health Insurance","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2889946768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5034/inquiryjrnl_46.4.418","mag":"2889946768","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20184168"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5034/inquiryjrnl_46.4.418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5034/inquiryjrnl_46.4.418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5034/inquiryjrnl_46.4.418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1032855054","display_name":"INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing","issn_l":"0046-9580","issn":["0046-9580","1945-7243"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Inquiry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057905185","display_name":"Inas Rashad Kelly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3538-0715","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3538-0715"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111455621","display_name":"Queens College, CUNY","ror":"https://ror.org/03v8adn41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111455621"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inas Rashad Kelly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA. Inas.Kelly@qc.cuny.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA. Inas.Kelly@qc.cuny.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111455621"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090355773","display_name":"Sara Markowitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3892-2145","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3892-2145"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Markowitz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.699,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97668955,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"4","first_page":"418","last_page":"432"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.013799999840557575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12394","display_name":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-insurance","display_name":"health insurance","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass","display_name":"body mass","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentives","display_name":"incentives","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-insurance-coverage","display_name":"health insurance coverage","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brfss","display_name":"Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System","score":0.8690000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44454","display_name":"Moral hazard","level":3,"score":0.7468408346176147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50158540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44454","display_name":"Morale hazard","level":5,"score":0.6445149183273315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.5952168703079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102139631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4406896","display_name":"Self-insurance","level":4,"score":0.5798323750495911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4430244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5611238","display_name":"Group insurance","level":5,"score":0.5688214302062988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22738907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813256","display_name":"Casualty insurance","level":3,"score":0.5425357222557068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122251271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940039","display_name":"Ex-ante","level":2,"score":0.5353406667709351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5350554585456848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983635472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334911","display_name":"Health insurance","level":3,"score":0.4940796196460724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29513703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398174","display_name":"Key person insurance","level":3,"score":0.4817938208580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.46644824743270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101615574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17055997","display_name":"Income protection insurance","level":4,"score":0.4071796238422394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96535974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1351914","display_name":"Risk pool","level":4,"score":0.40525680780410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3769657611846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14293393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2663825","display_name":"General insurance","level":3,"score":0.374741792678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.37454426288604736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.33729177713394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68799949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977871","display_name":"Insurance policy","level":2,"score":0.3299209177494049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.194338858127594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1753588616847992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.08381769061088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.07115641236305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001835","descriptor_name":"Body Weight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007348","descriptor_name":"Insurance, Health","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015438","descriptor_name":"Health Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019458","descriptor_name":"Insurance Coverage","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040343","descriptor_name":"Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050177","descriptor_name":"Overweight","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5034/inquiryjrnl_46.4.418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5034/inquiryjrnl_46.4.418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5034/inquiryjrnl_46.4.418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1032855054","display_name":"INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing","issn_l":"0046-9580","issn":["0046-9580","1945-7243"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Inquiry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20184168","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20184168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540969027","https://openalex.org/W1551773293","https://openalex.org/W1566981577","https://openalex.org/W1968157528","https://openalex.org/W1969962511","https://openalex.org/W1981927605","https://openalex.org/W1989797588","https://openalex.org/W1993468135","https://openalex.org/W2003753674","https://openalex.org/W2015918699","https://openalex.org/W2029262611","https://openalex.org/W2041915285","https://openalex.org/W2060806362","https://openalex.org/W2072817948","https://openalex.org/W2094320980","https://openalex.org/W2101130434","https://openalex.org/W2110067617","https://openalex.org/W2130494062","https://openalex.org/W2153386363","https://openalex.org/W2157294334","https://openalex.org/W2161004990","https://openalex.org/W2168536185","https://openalex.org/W2400132545","https://openalex.org/W3024908576","https://openalex.org/W3122664716","https://openalex.org/W3122932806","https://openalex.org/W3123476065","https://openalex.org/W3123990173","https://openalex.org/W4238040836","https://openalex.org/W4246141009"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1180080976","https://openalex.org/W7217229252","https://openalex.org/W4280523752","https://openalex.org/W759345319","https://openalex.org/W1966924751","https://openalex.org/W1584534416","https://openalex.org/W7162132472","https://openalex.org/W4300180697","https://openalex.org/W7098504599","https://openalex.org/W7097093592"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Health":[0],"insurance":[1,16,30,75,110],"is":[2,15,111],"widely":[3],"regarded":[4],"as":[5],"essential":[6],"for":[7,19,86],"financing":[8],"the":[9,42,49,60,69,99,119],"production":[10],"of":[11,44,62,72,78,89,102,121],"good":[12],"health,":[13],"but":[14,117],"always":[17],"beneficial":[18],"our":[20,82],"health?":[21],"Ex":[22],"ante":[23,64],"moral":[24,65],"hazard":[25,66],"may":[26,93],"induce":[27],"individuals":[28],"with":[29,113],"to":[31,58,67],"engage":[32],"in":[33,41],"behaviors":[34],"that":[35,92,108],"they":[36],"otherwise":[37],"would":[38],"not":[39,118],"undertake":[40],"absence":[43],"insurance.":[45,104],"Using":[46],"data":[47],"from":[48],"1993-2002":[50],"Behavioral":[51],"Risk":[52],"Factor":[53],"Surveillance":[54],"System,":[55],"we":[56,84],"attempt":[57],"isolate":[59],"effects":[61],"ex":[63],"determine":[68],"potential":[70],"consequence":[71],"having":[73,109],"health":[74,103],"on":[76],"measures":[77],"body":[79,95,115],"weight.":[80],"In":[81],"analyses,":[83],"control":[85],"a":[87],"variety":[88],"confounding":[90],"factors":[91],"influence":[94],"weight":[96],"and":[97],"address":[98],"endogenous":[100],"nature":[101],"Our":[105],"results":[106],"suggest":[107],"associated":[112],"higher":[114],"mass":[116],"probability":[120],"being":[122],"obese.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2018-09-27T00:00:00"}