{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2889854562","doi":null,"title":"Tracing the process of institutional change : the case of the National Pension Scheme reforms in South Korea","display_name":"Tracing the process of institutional change : the case of the National Pension Scheme reforms in South Korea","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2889854562","mag":"2889854562"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.whiterose.ac.uk:20895","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20895/1/PhD%20Thesis_Final%20%28Hyungyung%20Moon%29.pdf","pdf_url":"https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20895/1/PhD%20Thesis_Final%20%28Hyungyung%20Moon%29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401585","display_name":"White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20895/1/PhD%20Thesis_Final%20%28Hyungyung%20Moon%29.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003850129","display_name":"Hyungyung Moon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6857-0930","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6857-0930"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hyungyung Moon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6857-0930","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003850129"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13051","display_name":"Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-pension-scheme","display_name":"National Pension Scheme","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pension-reform","display_name":"pension reform","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-change","display_name":"institutional change","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-state-theory","display_name":"welfare state theory","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-reform","display_name":"parametric reform","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pension-politics","display_name":"pension politics","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-korea","display_name":"South Korea","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-tracing","display_name":"process tracing","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equifinality","display_name":"equifinality","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-transfer","display_name":"policy transfer","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neoliberalism","display_name":"neoliberalism","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historical-institutionalism","display_name":"historical institutionalism","score":0.6990000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776970286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247309","display_name":"Process tracing","level":3,"score":0.7240415811538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86060140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5976203","display_name":"Historical institutionalism","level":3,"score":0.6491286754608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129603779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192451","display_name":"Welfare state","level":3,"score":0.5483518242835999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.547663688659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780899237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156223","display_name":"Pension","level":2,"score":0.5469713807106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4665529429912567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.45898520946502686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2557224","display_name":"Explanatory power","level":2,"score":0.45594748854637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.4455137550830841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776503585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172301","display_name":"Institutionalism","level":3,"score":0.4245879054069519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.33283793926239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.33217522501945496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2918652892112732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.16052713990211487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.16017016768455505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1432444453239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.whiterose.ac.uk:20895","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20895/1/PhD%20Thesis_Final%20%28Hyungyung%20Moon%29.pdf","pdf_url":"https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20895/1/PhD%20Thesis_Final%20%28Hyungyung%20Moon%29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401585","display_name":"White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2889854562","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20895/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.whiterose.ac.uk:20895","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20895/1/PhD%20Thesis_Final%20%28Hyungyung%20Moon%29.pdf","pdf_url":"https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20895/1/PhD%20Thesis_Final%20%28Hyungyung%20Moon%29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401585","display_name":"White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.666700005531311,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2889854562.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2889854562.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":261,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19504023","https://openalex.org/W20997510","https://openalex.org/W74800840","https://openalex.org/W81473609","https://openalex.org/W83648093","https://openalex.org/W96205200","https://openalex.org/W129222608","https://openalex.org/W136787778","https://openalex.org/W172274565","https://openalex.org/W183786351","https://openalex.org/W200707769","https://openalex.org/W207135541","https://openalex.org/W209106139","https://openalex.org/W247532030","https://openalex.org/W318161194","https://openalex.org/W383757298","https://openalex.org/W591122001","https://openalex.org/W600222541","https://openalex.org/W614600476","https://openalex.org/W614676870","https://openalex.org/W622155547","https://openalex.org/W629107551","https://openalex.org/W629278631","https://openalex.org/W639414099","https://openalex.org/W642818987","https://openalex.org/W646075556","https://openalex.org/W653090840","https://openalex.org/W981010965","https://openalex.org/W1246888738","https://openalex.org/W1268042937","https://openalex.org/W1484723022","https://openalex.org/W1493871879","https://openalex.org/W1495886451","https://openalex.org/W1502798522","https://openalex.org/W1506901239","https://openalex.org/W1508296537","https://openalex.org/W1509292812","https://openalex.org/W1523997279","https://openalex.org/W1527650596","https://openalex.org/W1534539087","https://openalex.org/W1542278914","https://openalex.org/W1547437268","https://openalex.org/W1553660306","https://openalex.org/W1561018600","https://openalex.org/W1562963423","https://openalex.org/W1566180493","https://openalex.org/W1567483986","https://openalex.org/W1568921107","https://openalex.org/W1569318827","https://openalex.org/W1569410165","https://openalex.org/W1573631381","https://openalex.org/W1574203027","https://openalex.org/W1576957357","https://openalex.org/W1577147354","https://openalex.org/W1578906839","https://openalex.org/W1586997590","https://openalex.org/W1589654640","https://openalex.org/W1596169349","https://openalex.org/W1605374012","https://openalex.org/W1671090874","https://openalex.org/W1700632785","https://openalex.org/W1754908390","https://openalex.org/W1757815327","https://openalex.org/W1772665831","https://openalex.org/W1779105345","https://openalex.org/W1854335913","https://openalex.org/W1869396916","https://openalex.org/W1938565716","https://openalex.org/W1965609013","https://openalex.org/W1966792169","https://openalex.org/W1972602235","https://openalex.org/W1972999457","https://openalex.org/W1974063871","https://openalex.org/W1974645880","https://openalex.org/W1975345058","https://openalex.org/W1976212636","https://openalex.org/W1983177195","https://openalex.org/W1984082261","https://openalex.org/W1991459938","https://openalex.org/W1993772061","https://openalex.org/W1995967120","https://openalex.org/W1996695579","https://openalex.org/W1997390841","https://openalex.org/W1998406205","https://openalex.org/W1998762267","https://openalex.org/W2005025992","https://openalex.org/W2005125545","https://openalex.org/W2005725434","https://openalex.org/W2009202666","https://openalex.org/W2011680615","https://openalex.org/W2016204775","https://openalex.org/W2016256837","https://openalex.org/W2017272824","https://openalex.org/W2018346477","https://openalex.org/W2022114147","https://openalex.org/W2023250176","https://openalex.org/W2023490457","https://openalex.org/W2024899189","https://openalex.org/W2026904251","https://openalex.org/W2026989035","https://openalex.org/W2028200801","https://openalex.org/W2032488472","https://openalex.org/W2033933531","https://openalex.org/W2037768447","https://openalex.org/W2037927976","https://openalex.org/W2041417498","https://openalex.org/W2042592422","https://openalex.org/W2043352815","https://openalex.org/W2043512259","https://openalex.org/W2043691842","https://openalex.org/W2047288629","https://openalex.org/W2049122259","https://openalex.org/W2049696674","https://openalex.org/W2050283732","https://openalex.org/W2050555618","https://openalex.org/W2051454480","https://openalex.org/W2052879098","https://openalex.org/W2053389927","https://openalex.org/W2058311718","https://openalex.org/W2061299638","https://openalex.org/W2062936747","https://openalex.org/W2062962096","https://openalex.org/W2067662305","https://openalex.org/W2068084896","https://openalex.org/W2070677020","https://openalex.org/W2077383520","https://openalex.org/W2081102270","https://openalex.org/W2081798281","https://openalex.org/W2086995401","https://openalex.org/W2087993871","https://openalex.org/W2088037814","https://openalex.org/W2089143417","https://openalex.org/W2091706399","https://openalex.org/W2092127068","https://openalex.org/W2092386195","https://openalex.org/W2092600432","https://openalex.org/W2094289621","https://openalex.org/W2096183912","https://openalex.org/W2097780461","https://openalex.org/W2101234667","https://openalex.org/W2101255587","https://openalex.org/W2103262158","https://openalex.org/W2103713658","https://openalex.org/W2105654481","https://openalex.org/W2106440373","https://openalex.org/W2107178000","https://openalex.org/W2108146187","https://openalex.org/W2109067941","https://openalex.org/W2109437871","https://openalex.org/W2109467810","https://openalex.org/W2110212683","https://openalex.org/W2112663818","https://openalex.org/W2113563668","https://openalex.org/W2114322211","https://openalex.org/W2114412976","https://openalex.org/W2115575435","https://openalex.org/W2115864206","https://openalex.org/W2117592571","https://openalex.org/W2117782462","https://openalex.org/W2118952010","https://openalex.org/W2119019211","https://openalex.org/W2120794575","https://openalex.org/W2121018295","https://openalex.org/W2121764765","https://openalex.org/W2121765158","https://openalex.org/W2123788084","https://openalex.org/W2124072747","https://openalex.org/W2124758747","https://openalex.org/W2125398298","https://openalex.org/W2125751647","https://openalex.org/W2126590496","https://openalex.org/W2126832242","https://openalex.org/W2127970658","https://openalex.org/W2128253943","https://openalex.org/W2129057559","https://openalex.org/W2129261459","https://openalex.org/W2130837408","https://openalex.org/W2131049875","https://openalex.org/W2131213453","https://openalex.org/W2131215460","https://openalex.org/W2133204953","https://openalex.org/W2135767433","https://openalex.org/W2135774027","https://openalex.org/W2135864843","https://openalex.org/W2140930388","https://openalex.org/W2142943317","https://openalex.org/W2143414672","https://openalex.org/W2145946077","https://openalex.org/W2146738657","https://openalex.org/W2147111138","https://openalex.org/W2147809281","https://openalex.org/W2148349000","https://openalex.org/W2149669539","https://openalex.org/W2150459713","https://openalex.org/W2152796930","https://openalex.org/W2153717566","https://openalex.org/W2156233205","https://openalex.org/W2156895701","https://openalex.org/W2157207849","https://openalex.org/W2157556737","https://openalex.org/W2157878517","https://openalex.org/W2159961463","https://openalex.org/W2160911667","https://openalex.org/W2164750571","https://openalex.org/W2166044915","https://openalex.org/W2168424384","https://openalex.org/W2170087628","https://openalex.org/W2170196557","https://openalex.org/W2170431662","https://openalex.org/W2188103426","https://openalex.org/W2281981375","https://openalex.org/W2290805839","https://openalex.org/W2295931185","https://openalex.org/W2313563931","https://openalex.org/W2318113772","https://openalex.org/W2324547290","https://openalex.org/W2325979117","https://openalex.org/W2329648039","https://openalex.org/W2329985027","https://openalex.org/W2333351099","https://openalex.org/W2335527434","https://openalex.org/W2337572187","https://openalex.org/W2342695838","https://openalex.org/W2343332355","https://openalex.org/W2345733018","https://openalex.org/W2461956175","https://openalex.org/W2477661613","https://openalex.org/W2478300280","https://openalex.org/W2480529668","https://openalex.org/W2483954762","https://openalex.org/W2485170023","https://openalex.org/W2485390879","https://openalex.org/W2485797979","https://openalex.org/W2490283619","https://openalex.org/W2491188694","https://openalex.org/W2494684604","https://openalex.org/W2499883744","https://openalex.org/W2502630509","https://openalex.org/W2549575607","https://openalex.org/W2553614436","https://openalex.org/W2556500655","https://openalex.org/W2566430444","https://openalex.org/W2597274402","https://openalex.org/W2647553845","https://openalex.org/W2726586688","https://openalex.org/W2765865900","https://openalex.org/W2796849763","https://openalex.org/W2883512297","https://openalex.org/W2896808958","https://openalex.org/W2912758097","https://openalex.org/W2945671286","https://openalex.org/W3015406298","https://openalex.org/W3021382800","https://openalex.org/W3122240102","https://openalex.org/W3122570236","https://openalex.org/W3124423022","https://openalex.org/W3125832526","https://openalex.org/W3135630760","https://openalex.org/W3139535682","https://openalex.org/W3141264415","https://openalex.org/W4234923822"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2769930706","https://openalex.org/W2949018258","https://openalex.org/W2592718738","https://openalex.org/W2922145211","https://openalex.org/W584093847","https://openalex.org/W7164091626","https://openalex.org/W2979039388","https://openalex.org/W2802085352","https://openalex.org/W1990193452","https://openalex.org/W628703790"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"thesis":[1,54,116,126],"analyses":[2],"the":[3,8,58,62,83,90,99,103,128,141,147,152,171,174,178,188,203,220,227,234,247,259,262,265,268,271,275],"causal":[4,100,129],"pathway":[5],"through":[6],"which":[7,61],"National":[9],"Pension":[10],"Scheme":[11],"(NPS)":[12],"in":[13,24,30,60,122,146,170,186,190,255],"South":[14],"Korea":[15],"has":[16],"been":[17],"transformed.":[18],"The":[19,50,207],"scheme":[20,189],"that":[21,107,137,177,210],"was":[22],"introduced":[23],"1988":[25],"experienced":[26],"two":[27,63],"major":[28],"reforms":[29,64],"1998":[31],"and":[32,34,88,133,163,212,246,261,277,290],"2007,":[33],"they":[35],"took":[36],"place":[37],"even":[38],"before":[39],"full":[40],"pensioners":[41],"who":[42],"met":[43],"minimum":[44],"years":[45],"of":[46,52,71,102,143,154,205,236,249,264,279],"pension":[47,256],"contributions":[48],"existed.":[49],"aim":[51],"this":[53,115],"is":[55,215],"to":[56,97,118,140,201,218,287],"illuminate":[57],"way":[59],"unfolded,":[65],"by":[66],"investigating":[67],"whether":[68],"existing":[69],"theories":[70,197,238],"welfare":[72,144,179,195],"states":[73],"can":[74],"have":[75],"explanatory":[76],"power.":[77],"Founded":[78],"on":[79,160],"historical":[80],"institutionalism":[81],"emphasising":[82],"dynamic":[84],"interplay":[85],"between":[86,258],"institutions":[87],"actors,":[89],"research":[91,232,272],"employs":[92],"a":[93,183,191],"process":[94,120,280],"tracing":[95,121,281],"method":[96],"unpack":[98],"mechanism":[101,130],"NPS":[104,172],"reforms.":[105,266],"Given":[106],"current":[108],"scholars":[109],"discuss":[110],"its":[111,285],"methodological":[112],"aspects":[113],"mainly,":[114],"attempts":[117],"put":[119],"practice.":[123],"\\n":[124],"\\nThe":[125],"formulates":[127],"from":[131],"Kim":[132,211],"Choi\u2019s":[134,213],"theory":[135,214],"(2014)":[136],"pays":[138],"attention":[139],"role":[142,185],"bureaucrats":[145,180],"reform":[148,229],"process,":[149],"while":[150,226],"examining":[151],"validity":[153,235],"other":[155],"theoretical":[156],"approaches":[157],"too.":[158],"Based":[159],"internal":[161],"documents":[162],"elite":[164],"interviews":[165],"with":[166],"those":[167],"involved":[168],"directly":[169],"reforms,":[173,225],"findings":[175,208],"suggest":[176],"did":[181],"play":[182],"primary":[184],"reforming":[187],"parametric":[192],"way.":[193],"Several":[194],"state":[196],"are":[198],"also":[199,273],"tested":[200],"address":[202],"issue":[204],"equifinality.":[206],"indicate":[209],"highly":[216],"likely":[217],"be":[219],"sole":[221],"approach":[222],"encompassing":[223],"\u201cboth\u201d":[224],"2007":[228],"requires":[230],"further":[231,294],"for":[233,293],"alternative":[237],"such":[239],"as":[240,282,284],"policy":[241],"transfer":[242],"via":[243],"international":[244],"organisations":[245],"impact":[248],"neoliberalism.":[250],"Consequently,":[251],"profound":[252],"differences":[253],"existed":[254],"politics":[257],"pre-reforms":[260],"period":[263],"Through":[267],"case":[269],"study,":[270],"reveals":[274],"strengths":[276],"weaknesses":[278],"well":[283],"application":[286],"political":[288],"research,":[289],"makes":[291],"suggestions":[292],"research.":[295]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-09-27T00:00:00"}
