{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2889388802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918796583","title":"Journalism and activist democratic theory and ethics: When the \u2018chilling effects\u2019 of libel can lose effect","display_name":"Journalism and activist democratic theory and ethics: When the \u2018chilling effects\u2019 of libel can lose effect","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2889388802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918796583","mag":"2889388802"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1464884918796583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918796583","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918796583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111964278","display_name":"Journalism","issn_l":"1464-8849","issn":["1464-8849","1741-3001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journalism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061559671","display_name":"Ali Noor Mohamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6193-9669","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6193-9669"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali Noor Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061559671"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5191,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74370076,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"9","first_page":"1212","last_page":"1228"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13625","display_name":"Journalism and Media Studies","score":0.6327999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13625","display_name":"Journalism and Media Studies","score":0.6327999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"News Media Framing and Political Communication","score":0.3391000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14288","display_name":"Law, Rights, and Freedoms","score":0.007300000172108412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-theory","display_name":"democratic theory","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/libel","display_name":"libel","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-new-york-times","display_name":"New York Times","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-rights-movement","display_name":"civil rights movement","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1960s","display_name":"1960s","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chilling-effect","display_name":"chilling effect","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/press-freedom","display_name":"freedom of the press","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/status-quo","display_name":"status quo","score":0.3100000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119513131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11030","display_name":"Journalism","level":2,"score":0.7212091088294983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.6163643598556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.560914158821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5463727712631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75952962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22688","display_name":"Freedom of the press","level":3,"score":0.5447044372558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4974367916584015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4917040467262268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777134139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q697327","display_name":"Lawsuit","level":2,"score":0.47437959909439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.43939775228500366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776748549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201610","display_name":"Status quo","level":2,"score":0.42779120802879333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.41148173809051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.3525915741920471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.17476186156272888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1464884918796583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918796583","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918796583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111964278","display_name":"Journalism","issn_l":"1464-8849","issn":["1464-8849","1741-3001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journalism","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9200000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W303148450","https://openalex.org/W573351650","https://openalex.org/W589273349","https://openalex.org/W606401630","https://openalex.org/W613075988","https://openalex.org/W642615235","https://openalex.org/W646722267","https://openalex.org/W647042769","https://openalex.org/W654985655","https://openalex.org/W658160450","https://openalex.org/W1488247512","https://openalex.org/W1503946000","https://openalex.org/W1540668973","https://openalex.org/W1548936251","https://openalex.org/W1561570225","https://openalex.org/W1599520106","https://openalex.org/W1608240529","https://openalex.org/W1966453417","https://openalex.org/W1966853631","https://openalex.org/W1971075823","https://openalex.org/W1985264409","https://openalex.org/W1986298138","https://openalex.org/W1988574304","https://openalex.org/W1990515005","https://openalex.org/W2006479099","https://openalex.org/W2028391240","https://openalex.org/W2054643767","https://openalex.org/W2059069336","https://openalex.org/W2062949873","https://openalex.org/W2066899172","https://openalex.org/W2076758314","https://openalex.org/W2078561014","https://openalex.org/W2124122196","https://openalex.org/W2127884779","https://openalex.org/W2317220985","https://openalex.org/W2329745816","https://openalex.org/W2329834684","https://openalex.org/W2404288085","https://openalex.org/W2472970755","https://openalex.org/W2513703761","https://openalex.org/W2583201607","https://openalex.org/W2726822226","https://openalex.org/W2796554849","https://openalex.org/W2800065494","https://openalex.org/W2900339637","https://openalex.org/W3020158875","https://openalex.org/W3122316007","https://openalex.org/W3123849489","https://openalex.org/W3189037309","https://openalex.org/W3191775403","https://openalex.org/W4205467432","https://openalex.org/W4214766661","https://openalex.org/W4229665544","https://openalex.org/W4233931383","https://openalex.org/W4238413164","https://openalex.org/W4256113508","https://openalex.org/W4256318685","https://openalex.org/W4301782779","https://openalex.org/W4385010193"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548936251","https://openalex.org/W1988574304","https://openalex.org/W2262539817","https://openalex.org/W4410762275","https://openalex.org/W3150734942","https://openalex.org/W2796348223","https://openalex.org/W2264895995","https://openalex.org/W3168155947","https://openalex.org/W4386931051","https://openalex.org/W4386946566"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"use":[1],"the":[2,5,10,43,79,93,96,109,126,130,135,146],"events":[3],"of":[4,9,17,36,45,58,114,137,140,145,151,170],"civil":[6,97],"rights":[7,98],"movement":[8],"1960s":[11],"as":[12],"context":[13],"in":[14,60,108,124,129,134,143,161],"exploring":[15],"deployment":[16],"ethical":[18,31],"principles":[19],"associated":[20],"with":[21,47,100],"activist":[22,52,102,163],"democratic":[23,62],"theory":[24],"by":[25,168],"New":[26],"York":[27],"Times":[28,94],"editors.":[29],"The":[30,116],"framework":[32],"helped":[33],"shape":[34],"coverage":[35],"perceived":[37],"injustices":[38],"against":[39],"minorities":[40],"and":[41,71,142],"set":[42],"tenor":[44],"confrontation":[46],"public":[48],"officials.":[49],"Subscription":[50],"to":[51,77],"journalism":[53],"ethics":[54],"assumes":[55],"a":[56],"lack":[57],"fairness":[59],"liberal":[61],"processes":[63],"that":[64,92,104,155],"take":[65],"place":[66],"within":[67],"unequal":[68],"social,":[69],"economic,":[70],"political":[72],"environments.":[73],"These":[74],"media":[75,157],"tend":[76],"challenge":[78],"status":[80],"quo":[81],"more":[82],"vigorously":[83],"than":[84],"do":[85],"other":[86],"media.":[87],"A":[88],"content":[89],"analysis":[90],"shows":[91],"pursued":[95],"story":[99],"an":[101,162],"zeal":[103],"got":[105],"it":[106],"entangled":[107],"historic":[110],"Sullivan":[111],"libel":[112,171],"lawsuit":[113],"1960.":[115],"paper":[117],"did":[118],"not":[119],"scale":[120],"back":[121],"its":[122],"tone":[123],"challenging":[125],"social":[127],"order":[128],"South":[131],"\u2013":[132],"even":[133],"face":[136],"physical":[138],"intimidation":[139],"reporters":[141],"spite":[144],"widely":[147],"assumed":[148],"\u2018chilling":[149],"effects\u2019":[150],"libel.":[152],"This":[153],"suggests":[154],"when":[156],"cover":[158],"certain":[159],"issues":[160],"spirit,":[164],"conventional":[165],"restraints":[166],"engendered":[167],"fear":[169],"may":[172],"lose":[173],"effect.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2018-09-07T00:00:00"}