{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2889309103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318785419","title":"Better peacekeepers, better protection? Troop quality of United Nations peace operations and violence against civilians","display_name":"Better peacekeepers, better protection? Troop quality of United Nations peace operations and violence against civilians","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2889309103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318785419","mag":"2889309103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0022343318785419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318785419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318785419","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0022343318785419","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71119591","display_name":"Journal of Peace Research","issn_l":"0022-3433","issn":["0022-3433","1460-3578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Peace Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0022343318785419","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076913712","display_name":"Felix Haa\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7174-2552","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7174-2552"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167994656","display_name":"German Institute for Global and Area Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/00681ts17","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167994656","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153721","display_name":"Arnold-Bergstraesser-Institut","ror":"https://ror.org/01s578f14","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153721"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Felix Haass","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arnold-Bergstraesser-Institute & GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7174-2552","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arnold-Bergstraesser-Institute & GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167994656","https://openalex.org/I4387153721"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087700352","display_name":"Nadine Ansorg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-3483","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-3483"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167994656","display_name":"German Institute for Global and Area Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/00681ts17","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167994656","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadine Ansorg","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kent & GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-3483","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kent & GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167994656","https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076913712"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167994656","https://openalex.org/I4387153721"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":{"value":2986,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3220},"fwci":29.0186,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":108,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99603864,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"6","first_page":"742","last_page":"758"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12263","display_name":"Peacebuilding and International Security","score":0.576200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12263","display_name":"Peacebuilding and International Security","score":0.576200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.1891999989748001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12752","display_name":"Global Peace and Security Dynamics","score":0.1873999983072281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/un-peacekeeping","display_name":"UN peacekeeping","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civilian-protection","display_name":"civilian protection","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violence-against-civilians","display_name":"violence against civilians","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defense-spending","display_name":"defense spending","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troop-contributing-countries","display_name":"troop-contributing countries","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deterrence","display_name":"deterrence","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buffer-zones","display_name":"buffer zones","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peace-agreement-implementation","display_name":"peace agreement implementation","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-conflicts","display_name":"African conflicts","score":0.5690000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183761623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10954043","display_name":"Peacekeeping","level":2,"score":0.9360122084617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6062223315238953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5296732187271118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.48832938075065613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.45974212884902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4149032533168793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2638794183731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24018269777297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0022343318785419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318785419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318785419","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0022343318785419","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71119591","display_name":"Journal of Peace Research","issn_l":"0022-3433","issn":["0022-3433","1460-3578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Peace Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kar.kent.ac.uk:67592","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://kar.kent.ac.uk/67592/1/Complete-Manuscript-Better-peacekeepers-FINAL%20FOR%20EXPORT.docx","pdf_url":"https://kar.kent.ac.uk/67592/3/Complete-Manuscript-Better-peacekeepers-FINAL%20FOR%20EXPORT.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196264","display_name":"Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","host_organization_name":"University of Kent","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:joupea:v:55:y:2018:i:6:p:742-758","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022343318785419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gesis.izsoz.de:document/60490","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/60490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401996","display_name":"Social Science Open Access Repository (GESIS \u2013 Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210101898","host_organization_name":"GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Peace Research","raw_type":"Zeitschriftenartikel"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0022343318785419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318785419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318785419","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0022343318785419","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71119591","display_name":"Journal of Peace Research","issn_l":"0022-3433","issn":["0022-3433","1460-3578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Peace Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2889309103.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2889309103.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31142099","https://openalex.org/W355447376","https://openalex.org/W585223463","https://openalex.org/W627337345","https://openalex.org/W632609354","https://openalex.org/W642783518","https://openalex.org/W1503866564","https://openalex.org/W1511118900","https://openalex.org/W1557169708","https://openalex.org/W1603177961","https://openalex.org/W1867005924","https://openalex.org/W2035892253","https://openalex.org/W2058887530","https://openalex.org/W2106483804","https://openalex.org/W2109736130","https://openalex.org/W2122806416","https://openalex.org/W2123580302","https://openalex.org/W2128649701","https://openalex.org/W2132644300","https://openalex.org/W2139577967","https://openalex.org/W2146280510","https://openalex.org/W2151780178","https://openalex.org/W2230454612","https://openalex.org/W2251271121","https://openalex.org/W2326192981","https://openalex.org/W2462604457","https://openalex.org/W2763859728","https://openalex.org/W2767153793","https://openalex.org/W3125554979","https://openalex.org/W4234407128","https://openalex.org/W4236273022","https://openalex.org/W4238510172","https://openalex.org/W4247093228"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3117248639","https://openalex.org/W3131465201","https://openalex.org/W2326192981","https://openalex.org/W2968139025","https://openalex.org/W2494875372","https://openalex.org/W1578157800","https://openalex.org/W4321104206","https://openalex.org/W1474519638","https://openalex.org/W3133864387","https://openalex.org/W3001435963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Why":[1],"do":[2],"similarly":[3],"sized":[4],"peacekeeping":[5],"missions":[6],"vary":[7],"in":[8,14,124],"their":[9],"effectiveness":[10],"to":[11,35,68,80],"protect":[12,82],"civilians":[13],"conflicts?":[15],"We":[16],"argue":[17],"that":[18],"peace":[19,73,101],"operations":[20],"with":[21,29,94],"a":[22,105],"large":[23],"share":[24],"of":[25,72,89,100,113,122],"troops":[26],"from":[27,38,86,118],"countries":[28,66,92],"high-quality":[30],"militaries":[31],"are":[32],"better":[33,51,81],"able":[34],"deter":[36],"violence":[37],"state":[39],"and":[40,43,55,126,130],"non-state":[41],"actors":[42],"create":[44,104],"buffer":[45],"zones":[46],"within":[47],"conflict":[48],"areas,":[49],"can":[50],"reach":[52],"remote":[53],"locations,":[54],"have":[56],"superior":[57],"capabilities":[58],"\u2013":[59,67],"including":[60],"diplomatic":[61],"pressure":[62],"by":[63],"troop":[64,90,111],"contributing":[65,91],"monitor":[69],"the":[70,98,109],"implementation":[71],"agreements.":[74],"These":[75],"operational":[76],"advantages":[77],"enable":[78],"them":[79],"civilians.":[83],"Combining":[84],"data":[85,96],"military":[87],"expenditures":[88],"together":[93],"monthly":[95],"on":[97],"composition":[99],"operations,":[102],"we":[103],"proxy":[106],"indicator":[107],"for":[108],"average":[110],"quality":[112],"UN":[114],"PKOs.":[115],"Statistical":[116],"evidence":[117],"an":[119],"extended":[120],"sample":[121],"conflicts":[123],"Africa":[125],"Asia":[127],"between":[128],"1991":[129],"2010":[131],"supports":[132],"our":[133],"argument.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2018-09-07T00:00:00"}
