{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2888069663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092206","title":"The Impacts of High V2G Participation in a 100% Renewable \u00c5land Energy System","display_name":"The Impacts of High V2G Participation in a 100% Renewable \u00c5land Energy System","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2888069663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092206","mag":"2888069663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en11092206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092206","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/9/2206/pdf?version=1535017983","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/9/2206/pdf?version=1535017983","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021105109","display_name":"Michael Child","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1240-1445","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1240-1445"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63548447","display_name":"Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0208vgz68","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Child","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy Systems, Lappeenranta University of Technology, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1240-1445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy Systems, Lappeenranta University of Technology, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017587585","display_name":"Alexander Nordling","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130217899","display_name":"\u00c5bo Akademi University","ror":"https://ror.org/029pk6x14","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130217899"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Nordling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Engineering, \u00c5bo Akademi, 20500 Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, \u00c5bo Akademi, 20500 Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130217899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078913350","display_name":"Christian Breyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7380-1816","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7380-1816"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63548447","display_name":"Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0208vgz68","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Breyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy Systems, Lappeenranta University of Technology, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7380-1816","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy Systems, Lappeenranta University of Technology, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021105109"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":4.6811,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95793487,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"9","first_page":"2206","last_page":"2206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.8809000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.8809000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.10450000315904617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.007199999876320362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-to-grid","display_name":"vehicle-to-grid","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/100-renewable-energy","display_name":"100% renewable energy","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"energy storage","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-renewable-energy","display_name":"variable renewable energy","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-storage","display_name":"seasonal storage","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-storage","display_name":"gas storage","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methanation","display_name":"methanation","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offshore-wind-energy","display_name":"offshore wind energy","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annualized-cost","display_name":"annualized cost","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aland-islands","display_name":"\u00c5land Islands","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energyplan","display_name":"EnergyPLAN","score":0.4359999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.7496487498283386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.6620303988456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6442917585372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780789856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915732","display_name":"Variable renewable energy","level":4,"score":0.5672791600227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.5445520877838135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.5312526226043701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.48364412784576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780068603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783938","display_name":"Vehicle-to-grid","level":4,"score":0.45586422085762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.4316244423389435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.32460451126098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2437719702720642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.18145036697387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1777161955833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.14245039224624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10825124382972717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/en11092206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092206","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/9/2206/pdf?version=1535017983","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:9:p:2206-:d:165359","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/9/2206/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:89a2dac9e5c14fa7a755211f9c8c706f","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/89a2dac9e5c14fa7a755211f9c8c706f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energies, Vol 11, Iss 9, p 2206 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en11092206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092206","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/9/2206/pdf?version=1535017983","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.8970999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1106024256","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"40101/14","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321855","funder_display_name":"Tekes"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321855","display_name":"Tekes","ror":"https://ror.org/02ag8cq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2888069663.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2888069663.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91245057","https://openalex.org/W1835855510","https://openalex.org/W1859248021","https://openalex.org/W1964919311","https://openalex.org/W1979883320","https://openalex.org/W2001189793","https://openalex.org/W2019971040","https://openalex.org/W2033723014","https://openalex.org/W2038621246","https://openalex.org/W2043972998","https://openalex.org/W2058391473","https://openalex.org/W2133888370","https://openalex.org/W2182682304","https://openalex.org/W2186524520","https://openalex.org/W2325575714","https://openalex.org/W2514112595","https://openalex.org/W2555122865","https://openalex.org/W2582711536","https://openalex.org/W2590959602","https://openalex.org/W2606862832","https://openalex.org/W2609173771","https://openalex.org/W2689215254","https://openalex.org/W2769874491"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382298462","https://openalex.org/W4402567730","https://openalex.org/W2555122865","https://openalex.org/W4391648735","https://openalex.org/W4409318523","https://openalex.org/W4298261271","https://openalex.org/W4353062135","https://openalex.org/W2968440526","https://openalex.org/W2167871376","https://openalex.org/W4388330851"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,151],"100%":[1],"renewable":[2],"energy":[3,36,64],"(RE)":[4],"scenario":[5],"featuring":[6],"high":[7,72,88],"participation":[8,89],"in":[9,57,68,90,95],"vehicle-to-grid":[10],"(V2G)":[11],"services":[12],"was":[13,28],"developed":[14],"for":[15,19,144,165,195],"the":[16,22,32,61,169,193],"\u00c5land":[17],"islands":[18],"2030":[20],"using":[21],"EnergyPLAN":[23],"modelling":[24],"tool.":[25],"Hourly":[26],"data":[27],"analysed":[29],"to":[30,59],"determine":[31,60],"roles":[33,62],"of":[34,50,63,74,134,180,188],"various":[35],"storage":[37,65,98,139,164,196],"solutions,":[38],"notably":[39],"V2G":[40,69,91,122,135,172],"connections":[41,70,136],"that":[42,119,155],"extended":[43],"into":[44],"electric":[45],"boat":[46],"batteries.":[47],"Two":[48],"weeks":[49],"interest":[51],"(max/min":[52],"RE)":[53],"generation":[54,179,198],"were":[55,128],"studied":[56],"detail":[58],"solutions.":[66],"Participation":[67],"facilitated":[71],"shares":[73],"variable":[75],"RE":[76,182,190],"on":[77,137],"a":[78,84,145,176],"daily":[79],"and":[80,109,183,197],"weekly":[81],"basis.":[82],"In":[83],"Sustainable":[85],"Mobility":[86],"scenario,":[87],"(2750":[92],"MWhe)":[93],"resulted":[94],"less":[96],"gas":[97],"(1200":[99],"MWhth),":[100],"electrolyser":[101],"capacity":[102,106,113],"(6.1":[103],"MWe),":[104],"methanation":[105],"(3.9":[107],"MWhgas),":[108],"offshore":[110],"wind":[111],"power":[112],"(55":[114],"MWe)":[115],"than":[116],"other":[117],"scenarios":[118],"featured":[120],"lower":[121,129],"participation.":[123],"Consequently,":[124],"total":[125],"annualised":[126],"costs":[127],"(225":[130],"M\u20ac/a).":[131],"The":[132],"influence":[133],"seasonal":[138],"is":[140,154],"an":[141],"interesting":[142],"result":[143],"relatively":[146],"cold,":[147],"northern":[148],"geographic":[149],"area.":[150],"key":[152],"point":[153],"stored":[156],"electricity":[157],"need":[158,194],"not":[159],"only":[160],"be":[161],"considered":[162],"as":[163],"future":[166],"use":[167],"by":[168],"grid,":[170],"but":[171],"batteries":[173],"can":[174],"provide":[175],"buffer":[177],"between":[178],"intermittent":[181,189],"its":[184],"end-use.":[185],"Direct":[186],"consumption":[187],"further":[191],"reduces":[192],"capacities.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-08-31T00:00:00"}
