{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2886530697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jisc.v6n1a9","title":"Defining the \u201cEnemies\u201d of God: Muslim Extremists Perception of the Religious Other","display_name":"Defining the \u201cEnemies\u201d of God: Muslim Extremists Perception of the Religious Other","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2886530697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jisc.v6n1a9","mag":"2886530697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.15640/jisc.v6n1a9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jisc.v6n1a9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jisc.v6n1a9","pdf_url":"http://jiscnet.com/journals/jisc/Vol_6_No_1_June_2018/9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191547","display_name":"Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture","issn_l":"2333-5904","issn":["2333-5904","2333-5912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"http://jiscnet.com/journals/jisc/Vol_6_No_1_June_2018/9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030567325","display_name":"Mohamed Bin Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5957-6897","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5957-6897"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Bin Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulum Al-Quran,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulum Al-Quran,","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030567325"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11656731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.9193999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.9193999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14110","display_name":"Islamic Studies and Radicalism","score":0.05640000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13815","display_name":"Islamic Thought and Society Studies","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamist-extremism","display_name":"Islamic extremism","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-other","display_name":"religious other","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception-of-the-other","display_name":"perception of the other","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-identity","display_name":"religious identity","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jihadism","display_name":"jihadism","score":0.4180000126361847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776811425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2839009","display_name":"Allegation","level":2,"score":0.8745919466018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776967331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132131","display_name":"Loyalty","level":2,"score":0.7653252482414246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4445939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432","display_name":"Islam","level":2,"score":0.7202016711235046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780617971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160232","display_name":"Hatred","level":3,"score":0.712847888469696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5994255542755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993056621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205766","display_name":"Muslim community","level":3,"score":0.5382905006408691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780844005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779924","display_name":"Muslim world","level":3,"score":0.497757226228714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4372846484184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24667770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34187","display_name":"Religious studies","level":1,"score":0.3625146150588989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.2937830686569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.27964597940444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1966613233089447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.18807047605514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.15476536750793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.1395183801651001}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.15640/jisc.v6n1a9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jisc.v6n1a9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jisc.v6n1a9","pdf_url":"http://jiscnet.com/journals/jisc/Vol_6_No_1_June_2018/9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191547","display_name":"Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture","issn_l":"2333-5904","issn":["2333-5904","2333-5912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.15640/jisc.v6n1a9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jisc.v6n1a9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jisc.v6n1a9","pdf_url":"http://jiscnet.com/journals/jisc/Vol_6_No_1_June_2018/9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191547","display_name":"Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture","issn_l":"2333-5904","issn":["2333-5904","2333-5912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2886530697.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2886530697.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W223593635","https://openalex.org/W2494035757"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079766414","https://openalex.org/W4393172325","https://openalex.org/W2498202711","https://openalex.org/W3134036019","https://openalex.org/W4408124545","https://openalex.org/W7052348317","https://openalex.org/W2177852848","https://openalex.org/W2112965733","https://openalex.org/W4328004743","https://openalex.org/W1731533938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,27,35,63,73,84,101,108,121,125,130,144,148,159,175,192,197,212,225,229,244,255,259,270,277,293,296,306,323,336,349,364,373,386,399],"the":[2,18,22,46,64,71,82,85,102,106,115,119,127,131,136,142,160,173,179,190,210,214,223,227,242,248,253,260,267,271,290,294,304,324,334,354,365,371,383,387,390,397,403],"issues":[3,327],"in":[4,105,154,232,247,321],"contemporary":[5,89,170],"Islamic":[6],"thought":[7],"which":[8,286],"has":[9,280,381],"attracted":[10],"much":[11],"attention":[12],"amongst":[13],"Muslim":[14,19,90,94,156,206,256,338],"scholars":[15],"and":[16,24,37,54,59,78,99,133,141,177,241,274,328,330,345,361,376,401],"within":[17],"community":[20],"is":[21,68,184,200],"valid":[23],"appropriate":[25],"attitude":[26],"Muslims":[28,49,58,171,292],"to":[29,41,60,202,208,218,221,252,264,288,369],"relationships":[30],"with":[31,39,166,299,333,342],"non-Muslims.A":[32],"major":[33],"source":[34],"confusion":[36],"controversy":[38],"regards":[40],"this":[42,139,187,319,379],"relationship":[43],"comes":[44],"from":[45,186,318],"allegation":[47,67],"that":[48,189],"must":[50],"reserve":[51],"their":[52,97,113,275,300],"love":[53],"loyalty":[55],"for":[56],"fellow":[57],"disavow":[61],"people":[62],"Religious":[65,86,103,161,180,215,261,388,404],"Other.This":[66],"manifested":[69],"through":[70],"concept":[72,143,191,335,372,380],"Al-Wala\"":[74,109],"wal":[75,110],"Bara\"":[76],"(Loyalty":[77],"Disavowal).This":[79],"paper":[80,116,163,236,340,391],"explores":[81],"conception":[83],"Other":[87],"by":[88,169,205],"extremists.It":[91],"highlights":[92,312],"how":[93,135,238,266,313,378],"extremists":[95,207,268],"justify":[96],"hatred":[98],"enmity":[100],"Others":[104],"name":[107],"Bara\".To":[111],"understand":[112],"perception,":[114],"looks":[117],"at":[118],"contents":[120],"Surah":[122,239,350],"or":[123],"Chapter":[124],"Al-Mumtahanah,":[126],"sixtieth":[128],"chapter":[129,140],"Quran":[132],"shows":[134],"Quran,":[137],"particularly":[138],"Millat":[145,193,219,245,374],"Ibrahim":[146,194,220,246,375],"(Religion":[147],"Abraham)":[149,198],"play":[150],"an":[151,343],"important":[152],"role":[153],"formulating":[155],"extremists\"":[157,257],"perception":[158,258,385],"Other.The":[162],"will":[164,352,392],"conclude":[165],"some":[167,394],"debates":[168,395],"on":[172,396],"notion":[174],"loving":[176,400],"hating":[178,402],"Other.In":[181],"addition,":[182],"it":[183,311,332],"also":[185],"surah":[188,320],"(The":[195],"religion":[196],"1":[199],"believed":[201],"be":[203],"taken":[204],"illustrate":[209],"importance":[211],"disavowing":[213,233],"Other.They":[216],"refer":[217],"show":[222,265,377],"urgency":[224],"following":[226],"footsteps":[228],"Prophet":[230],"Abraham":[231],"non-Muslims.2":[234],"This":[235],"illustrates":[237],"Al-Mumtahanah":[240],"idea":[243],"surah,":[249],"contribute":[250],"significantly":[251],"formulation":[254],"Other.It":[262],"attempts":[263],"reading":[269],"surah\"s":[272],"text":[273],"interpretation":[276],"its":[278,357],"context":[279,360],"transformed":[281],"these":[282],"particular":[283],"Quranic":[284],"injunctions,":[285],"seems":[287],"warn":[289],"early":[291],"dangers":[295],"forming":[297],"alliance":[298],"hostile":[301],"enemies":[302],"into":[303],"foundation":[305],"a":[307,346],"radical":[308],"ideology.In":[309],"particular,":[310],"violent":[314],"Islamists":[315],"interpret":[316],"verses":[317],"light":[322],"current":[325],"political":[326],"development":[329],"combine":[331],"takfir(excommunication)against":[337],"rulers.The":[339],"begins":[341],"introduction":[344],"general":[347],"understanding":[348],"Al-Mumtahanah.It":[351],"highlight":[353],"reason":[355],"behind":[356],"revelations,":[358],"historical":[359],"common":[362],"themes":[363],"surah.It":[366],"then":[367],"proceeds":[368],"explain":[370],"shaped":[382],"extremist":[384],"Other.Finally,":[389],"expose":[393],"issue":[398],"Other.":[405]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2018-08-22T00:00:00"}