{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2886074087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2018.e00434","title":"Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and reactivation of cerebral toxoplasmosis in a child: Case report","display_name":"Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and reactivation of cerebral toxoplasmosis in a child: Case report","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2886074087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2018.e00434","mag":"2886074087","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30128290","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6092451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2018.e00434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2018.e00434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2018.e00434","pdf_url":"https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2214250918300490-ga1_lrg.jpg","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898460781","display_name":"IDCases","issn_l":"2214-2509","issn":["2214-2509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IDCases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2214250918300490-ga1_lrg.jpg","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008159963","display_name":"Sami Bannoura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9656-2961","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9656-2961"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Bannoura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064608683","display_name":"Rana El Hajj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-5137","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-5137"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rana El Hajj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082224419","display_name":"Ibrahim Moustafa Khalifeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1215-5320","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1215-5320"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Khalifeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1215-5320","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042533344","display_name":"Hiba El Hajj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1069-0477","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1069-0477"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hiba El Hajj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon","Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042533344","https://openalex.org/A5082224419"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"],"apc_list":{"value":1370,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1370},"apc_paid":{"value":1370,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1370},"fwci":2.0389,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82758375,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"e00434","last_page":"e00434"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11155","display_name":"Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11155","display_name":"Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11154","display_name":"Parasitic infections in humans and animals","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13201","display_name":"Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-disseminated-encephalomyelitis","display_name":"acute disseminated encephalomyelitis","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-toxoplasmosis","display_name":"cerebral toxoplasmosis","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxoplasma-gondii","display_name":"Toxoplasma gondii","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxoplasmosis-reactivation","display_name":"toxoplasmosis reactivation","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunocompetent-patient","display_name":"immunocompetent patient","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-patients","display_name":"pediatric patients","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corticosteroid-therapy","display_name":"corticosteroid therapy","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opportunistic-infections","display_name":"opportunistic infections","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-diagnosis","display_name":"differential diagnosis","score":0.4699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8260092735290527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779328510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424242","display_name":"Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis","level":3,"score":0.8160540461540222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778062946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154878","display_name":"Toxoplasmosis","level":2,"score":0.7150553464889526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778128430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131003","display_name":"Toxoplasma gondii","level":3,"score":0.6500072479248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5850573778152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779504383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41482","display_name":"Autopsy","level":2,"score":0.5398871302604675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.5067351460456848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83455156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199615","display_name":"Encephalitis","level":3,"score":0.47073256969451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777899865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1634879","display_name":"Encephalomyelitis","level":3,"score":0.44734853506088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4354499280452728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3468480110168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.29008549451828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780640218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8277","display_name":"Multiple sclerosis","level":2,"score":0.13604259490966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.06572568416595459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.06476515531539917}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2018.e00434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2018.e00434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2018.e00434","pdf_url":"https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2214250918300490-ga1_lrg.jpg","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898460781","display_name":"IDCases","issn_l":"2214-2509","issn":["2214-2509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IDCases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5044649","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6092451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:30128290","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30128290","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IDCases","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6092451","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6092451/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IDCases","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3d4ddfa19382433a9b334a8c0d1225f0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3d4ddfa19382433a9b334a8c0d1225f0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IDCases, Vol 13, Iss , Pp - (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2018.e00434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2018.e00434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2018.e00434","pdf_url":"https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2214250918300490-ga1_lrg.jpg","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898460781","display_name":"IDCases","issn_l":"2214-2509","issn":["2214-2509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IDCases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Case Report","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/case-report"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309999","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2886074087.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2886074087.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577258036","https://openalex.org/W2052690976","https://openalex.org/W2065654101","https://openalex.org/W2079626526","https://openalex.org/W2084821604","https://openalex.org/W2097659338","https://openalex.org/W2099518305","https://openalex.org/W2128103945","https://openalex.org/W2154800468","https://openalex.org/W2184822859","https://openalex.org/W2395819547","https://openalex.org/W2521157640","https://openalex.org/W2766982875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7063968763","https://openalex.org/W4387064962","https://openalex.org/W2061048599","https://openalex.org/W3024118180","https://openalex.org/W7220351048","https://openalex.org/W4393167216","https://openalex.org/W1996794700","https://openalex.org/W2085861653","https://openalex.org/W2333133244","https://openalex.org/W2209850382"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Toxoplasma":[0,152],"gondii":[1],"is":[2,136],"an":[3],"opportunistic":[4],"parasite":[5],"that":[6,46],"infects":[7],"a":[8,87,129,137],"broad":[9],"range":[10],"of":[11,19,38,64,77,80,86,132,167],"hosts":[12,173],"including":[13,69],"humans.":[14],"The":[15,110],"chronic":[16],"latent":[17],"phase":[18],"the":[20,30,53,61,74,84,151,160,165,176],"disease":[21],"manifests":[22],"as":[23,141],"intra-neuronal":[24],"cerebral":[25,39,65,133],"cysts":[26],"tightly":[27],"controlled":[28],"by":[29,120,174],"host":[31],"immune":[32],"system.":[33],"In":[34],"immunocompromised":[35],"patients,":[36],"reactivation":[37,63,131],"toxoplasmosis":[40],"can":[41],"have":[42],"severe":[43,105],"neurological":[44],"outcomes":[45],"may":[47,149],"sometimes":[48],"lead":[49],"to":[50,162,179],"death.":[51,124],"Despite":[52],"efficient":[54],"prophylactic":[55],"and":[56,99,123],"treatment":[57,144],"measures":[58],"taken":[59],"against":[60],"rare":[62],"toxoplasmosis,":[66],"many":[67],"reports":[68],"several":[70],"recent":[71],"ones":[72],"revealed":[73,128],"still":[75],"occurrence":[76],"this":[78],"spectrum":[79],"disease.":[81],"We":[82],"present":[83],"case":[85,139,158],"4":[88],"years-6":[89],"months":[90],"old":[91],"apparently":[92,171],"immunocompetent":[93,172],"child":[94],"whose":[95],"premortem":[96],"clinical":[97],"presentation":[98,140],"investigations":[100,178],"were":[101],"highly":[102],"consistent":[103],"with":[104,116,154],"acute":[106],"disseminated":[107],"encephalomyelitis":[108],"(ADEM).":[109],"patient":[111],"received":[112],"all":[113],"appropriate":[114,177],"medications":[115],"initial":[117],"improvement":[118],"followed":[119],"rapid":[121],"deterioration":[122],"Postmortem":[125],"brain":[126],"autopsy":[127],"wide":[130],"toxoplasmosis.":[134],"This":[135,157],"peculiar":[138],"such":[142,168],"medical":[143],"for":[145],"ADEM":[146],"(i.e.":[147],"steroids)":[148],"worsen":[150],"infection":[153],"ominous":[155],"consequences.":[156],"highlights":[159],"importance":[161],"rule":[163],"out":[164],"possibility":[166],"infections":[169],"in":[170],"performing":[175],"prevent":[180],"complications.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2018-08-22T00:00:00"}