{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2885942480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-3.1.9","title":"Health and Wellness Coaching: An Opportunity for Clinical Exercise Physiologists","display_name":"Health and Wellness Coaching: An Opportunity for Clinical Exercise Physiologists","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2885942480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-3.1.9","mag":"2885942480"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31189/2165-7629-3.1.9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-3.1.9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-3.1.9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229186","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology","issn_l":"2165-6193","issn":["2165-6193","2165-7629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108599926","display_name":"Brad A. Roy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brad A. Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000401964","display_name":"Cathy Lisowski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cathy Lisowski","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pamela A. Roberts","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pamela A. Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0398,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84846797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"9","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13821","display_name":"Coaching Methods and Impact","score":0.48579999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13821","display_name":"Coaching Methods and Impact","score":0.48579999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.3449999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12947","display_name":"Health, psychology, and well-being","score":0.015599999576807022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-coaching","display_name":"health coaching","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-disease-prevention","display_name":"chronic disease prevention","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavior-change","display_name":"behavior change","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-care","display_name":"primary care","score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-costs","display_name":"health care costs","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preventive-care","display_name":"preventive medicine","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affordable-care-act","display_name":"Affordable Care Act","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrition-counseling","display_name":"nutrition counseling","score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-delivery-reform","display_name":"health care delivery reform","score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-life","display_name":"quality of life","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-expectancy","display_name":"life expectancy","score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-factors","display_name":"socioeconomic factors","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-disease-management","display_name":"chronic disease management","score":0.4020000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779363792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1104185","display_name":"Coaching","level":2,"score":0.7963500022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5182476043701172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4262005388736725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.20900797843933105}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31189/2165-7629-3.1.9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-3.1.9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-3.1.9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229186","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology","issn_l":"2165-6193","issn":["2165-6193","2165-7629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35815809","https://openalex.org/W109922458","https://openalex.org/W432573982","https://openalex.org/W643267564","https://openalex.org/W1983460693","https://openalex.org/W2017587626","https://openalex.org/W2019789667","https://openalex.org/W2024169416","https://openalex.org/W2026395256","https://openalex.org/W2054461244","https://openalex.org/W2065528066","https://openalex.org/W2077738765","https://openalex.org/W2094437971","https://openalex.org/W2095996042","https://openalex.org/W2098811725","https://openalex.org/W2120325053","https://openalex.org/W2122295735","https://openalex.org/W2128215063","https://openalex.org/W2140358735","https://openalex.org/W2141162817","https://openalex.org/W2143512300","https://openalex.org/W2147720174","https://openalex.org/W2167766553","https://openalex.org/W2182578740","https://openalex.org/W2221567553","https://openalex.org/W2267595245","https://openalex.org/W2416523359","https://openalex.org/W2761334117","https://openalex.org/W2782915908","https://openalex.org/W2967953447"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2175232493","https://openalex.org/W2735465485","https://openalex.org/W4245669752","https://openalex.org/W851310210","https://openalex.org/W4317603372","https://openalex.org/W4394766073","https://openalex.org/W2441774537","https://openalex.org/W7100881429","https://openalex.org/W4255578855","https://openalex.org/W2203745565"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,10,27,30,46,96,118,133,145,159,164,195,211,224,229,240,257,273,276,289,296,380,396,431,449,455,469,472,480,485,513,595,610,639,654,677,730,737,747,753,804,834,884,929,936,966,978,997,1012,1015,1058,1068,1095,1101,1113,1164,1175,1184,1273,1296,1329,1338,1343,1411,1426,1466,1471,1511,1520,1523,1527,1530,1539,1555,1613,1628,1646,1650,1658,1672,1688,1692,1697,1702,1722,1739,1758,1816,1824,1858,1876,1891,1908,1911,1923,1982,1988,2005,2018,2050,2058,2061,2066,2070,2089,2130,2133,2160,2201,2209,2219,2249,2314,2322,2325,2329,2334,2376,2383,2399,2416,2428,2443,2486,2500,2523,2547,2576,2598,2621,2659,2681,2708,2725,2728,2731,2736,2748,2790,2796,2818,2841,2853,2878,2916,2937,2940,2944,2990,3008,3023,3033,3062,3081,3098,3126,3145,3166,3189],"past":[2,885],"30":[3],"years,":[4],"medical":[5,427,445,473,789,806,1531,2608],"knowledge":[6],"and":[7,37,44,59,83,111,123,144,169,214,228,259,281,307,321,344,374,390,437,443,457,466,487,508,537,546,572,691,701,713,729,786,795,811,823,839,870,875,904,907,924,948,955,961,1007,1020,1064,1124,1139,1153,1166,1171,1208,1231,1242,1244,1260,1262,1271,1298,1326,1351,1381,1474,1493,1559,1583,1621,1676,1686,1691,1709,1721,1724,1765,1790,1806,1880,1913,1935,1952,1978,2002,2029,2040,2104,2132,2158,2177,2199,2230,2248,2275,2299,2324,2348,2382,2412,2434,2475,2482,2513,2568,2578,2633,2635,2648,2652,2664,2677,2699,2710,2715,2727,2783,2806,2811,2824,2868,2881,2901,2928,2933,2951,2959,2974,3051,3071,3114,3149,3165],"technology":[8],"in":[9,15,69,95,105,109,113,132,158,182,194,206,256,266,269,329,398,484,554,666,672,676,714,833,866,921,1035,1057,1073,1132,1194,1287,1328,1375,1400,1405,1464,1538,1554,1574,1782,1800,1823,1837,2128,2280,2289,2332,2356,2449,2597,2666,2717,2768,2858,2887,2931,2957,2978,2989,3022,3080,3102],"United":[11,134,160,196,212],"States":[12,135,161],"has":[13,23,90,301,493,518,528,879,989,1289,1456,1941,2910,2920,2942],"advanced":[14,2354],"an":[16,66,646,844,863,1129,1535,1705,1745,1775,1840,1993,2084,2151,2182,2232,2859,2898,2902,2997,3140],"exponential":[17],"fashion.":[18],"A":[19,1631,2690],"wealth":[20],"of":[21,32,48,54,129,155,166,232,261,275,336,433,451,524,569,586,597,625,638,681,716,732,797,931,971,980,1004,1017,1022,1061,1071,1084,1092,1169,1188,1202,1229,1269,1285,1331,1341,1345,1388,1396,1413,1447,1486,1510,1516,1522,1529,1557,1592,1604,1661,1671,1684,1704,1714,1726,1744,1760,1786,1808,1815,1849,1857,1903,1910,1938,1961,2037,2045,2069,2093,2126,2135,2163,2208,2214,2228,2263,2316,2365,2375,2379,2385,2432,2499,2527,2537,2554,2575,2581,2600,2662,2683,2685,2692,2712,2730,2752,2820,2849,2894,2905,2946,2967,3046,3048,3073,3083,3100,3128,3169],"information":[22,2765],"been":[24,302,342,519,529,916,975,991,1942,2465,2912,2921,2943],"provided":[25,1545,1665],"to":[26,64,72,92,107,163,174,239,272,299,312,384,395,447,468,535,562,575,617,629,709,726,735,775,788,813,816,861,887,898,943,1002,1011,1043,1136,1279,1292,1307,1361,1422,1425,1428,1451,1461,1570,1598,1821,1882,1895,1918,1986,1996,2025,2053,2144,2154,2205,2244,2271,2313,2352,2398,2407,2438,2492,2546,2614,2705,2746,2833,2839,2993,3001,3013,3028,3043,3065,3095,3110,3153,3181,3191,3194],"public":[28,1467],"regarding":[29,412],"importance":[31],"physical":[33,683,2504,2713],"activity,":[34,2505],"proper":[35],"nutrition,":[36],"other":[38,85,1376,1979,2168,2346,2391,2476,2582,2718,2755,2798,3052],"wellness":[39,840,876,933,949,1140,1172,1652,2003,2097,2180,2259,2454,2484,2583,2627,2693,2822,3173],"associated":[40,146,836,999,1616,2101,2929],"behaviors":[41,680,739,780,2157,2252],"that":[42,126,339,351,370,416,531,593,614,649,658,740,803,858,895,1021,1032,1066,1121,1146,1221,1276,1300,1437,1442,1465,1496,1541,1577,1625,1640,1835,1862,1874,1890,1921,1927,1955,1990,2048,2083,2284,2293,2360,2395,2422,2490,2530,2885,2970,3088,3092,3107,3116],"prevent":[43,385],"minimize":[45,391],"effects":[47],"chronic":[49,86,142,167,325,354,400,798,1973,2164,2193,2460,2538,2799,2968],"diseases.":[50],"Paradoxically,":[51],"continued":[52],"patterns":[53],"deconditioning,":[55],"poor":[56],"food":[57],"choices,":[58],"socioeconomic":[60],"circumstances":[61],"have":[62,172,341,914,974,1371,1384,1550,1635,1956,2108,2191,2286,2343,2371,2464,2761,2786,2831,3144],"combined":[63,3146],"create":[65,2625],"increasing":[67],"trend":[68],"morbidity":[70],"due":[71,271,1424,2024,2351,3042],"such":[73,208,827,1320,1964],"preventable":[74,399],"health":[75,87,320,326,388,413,500,679,777,838,869,903,946,1005,1018,1138,1157,1170,1297,1318,1378,1547,1802,1842,1962,2001,2078,2116,2136,2147,2156,2277,2366,2461,2477,2800,2925,3113,3162],"challenges":[76,2047,2056,2064],"as":[77,209,311,828,890,982,1028,1094,1137,1174,1321,1415,1508,1732,1839,1867,1965,2119,2240,2843,2874,3139],"obesity,":[78,1966],"diabetes,":[79,1967],"high":[80],"blood":[81],"pressure,":[82],"numerous":[84,1435,1872,1949,2026,2516,2797],"conditions.":[88,2367,2539,2801],"This":[89,642,1455,1562,1905,1946,2309,2327,2470,2670,3077],"led":[91],"a":[93,152,175,253,440,452,460,522,567,573,583,590,600,606,635,721,766,891,958,969,1029,1054,1089,1098,1143,1214,1226,1256,1267,1313,1346,1394,1401,1444,1458,1484,1498,1565,1601,1715,1727,1733,1761,1766,1787,1791,1829,1847,1850,1899,1959,2032,2043,2095,2109,2113,2224,2264,2317,2362,2372,2420,2453,2528,2534,2552,2579,2626,2654,2821,2834,2844,2865,2871,2947,2982,2986,3002,3044,3058,3067,3131,3156],"drop":[94],"US":[97,226,277],"worldwide":[98],"life":[99,218],"expectancy":[100,219],"ranking":[101],"from":[102,117,407,686,1100,1183,2996],"number":[103,2044,2553],"16":[104],"1960":[106],"26":[108],"2000":[110],"37":[112],"2011":[114],"(17).":[115],"Data":[116],"Centers":[119],"for":[120,516,603,608,855,901,918,1104,1568,1590,2179,2457,2604,2735,2775,2985,3011,3061,3075,3121,3130,3197],"Disease":[121],"Control":[122],"Prevention":[124],"reveals":[125],"nearly":[127],"half":[128,203],"all":[130,624,2975],"adults":[131,674],"are":[136,200,248,951,1222,1277,1305,1324,1365,1434,1853,1863,1871,2195,2197,2389,2480,2519,2541,2557,2602,2703,2955,3093,3119],"living":[137],"with":[138,497,566,837,1000,1159,2100,2167,2185,2304,2404,2459,2607,2650,2742,3133],"at":[139,318,423,1112,1696,1738,2306,2442,2724,2869,2923,3039],"least":[140],"one":[141,671,1670],"condition":[143,2501],"cost":[147,794],"is":[148,220,263,268,285,368,463,505,553,599,645,650,720,808,872,940,1128,1134,1147,1154,1312,1420,1534,1664,1819,1828,1888,1992,2022,2149,2292,2311,2328,2531,2722,2740,2766,2773,2792,2864,2897,3057,3105,3183,3188],"staggering":[149],"(4,5).":[150],"As":[151,1669,2012,3175],"nation,":[153],"75%":[154],"healthcare":[156,187,243,262,346,825,1186,1288,1367,1512,2169,2347,3182],"dollars":[157,181],"goes":[162],"treatment":[165,461],"diseases":[168],"current":[170,1185,2019,3024],"costs":[171,199],"escalated":[173],"crisis":[176],"point,":[177],"approaching":[178],"3":[179,2732],"trillion":[180],"2013.":[183],"Annual":[184],"per":[185,192],"capita":[186],"expenditures":[188],"now":[189,2558],"exceed":[190],"$8,400":[191],"person":[193,767],"States,":[197],"while":[198,1369],"less":[201,669],"than":[202,670,1046,1240,1250,2856],"this":[204,490,587,849,1514,2895,3030,3040],"amount":[205],"countries":[207],"Japan,":[210],"Kingdom,":[213],"South":[215],"Korea,":[216],"where":[217,2836],"higher":[221],"(5).":[222],"Additionally,":[223,851],"aging":[225],"population":[227,1419],"growing":[230,1936],"shortage":[231],"primary":[233,297,409,1682],"care":[234,410,790,938],"physicians":[235,2288,2545],"add":[236,2397],"significant":[237,1934,2046,2110,2274],"strain":[238],"nation's":[241],"challenged":[242],"system.":[244],"Because":[245],"these":[246,386,1178,1609,2189,2962],"trends":[247,1504,2075,3021],"neither":[249],"affordable":[250],"nor":[251],"sustainable,":[252],"dramatic":[254,2987],"shift":[255,2988],"focus":[258,267,298,375,1235,3159],"delivery":[260],"evolving.The":[264],"change":[265,364,517,1151,1228,1430,2215,2381,2408,2433,2701],"part":[270,1509],"implementation":[274],"Affordable":[278,290],"Care":[279,291],"Act":[280,292],"partly":[282],"because":[283,512],"there":[284,719,1127,1870,2388,3056],"little":[286],"choice.":[287],"While":[288,482,705,911,977,1502,1981,2368,2802,2907],"encourages":[293,2675],"preventive":[294,856],"care,":[295],"date":[300],"on":[303,376,430,759,1177,1199,1224,1236,1246,1255,1600,1944,1958,2088,2112,2658,2795],"providing":[304,3179],"insurance":[305,853],"coverage":[306],"opinions":[308],"vary":[309],"widely":[310,962,1476,1674],"whether":[313,2146],"it":[314,367,552,801,1887,2081,2139,2914],"will":[315,627,659,1578,1626,1641,1906,1928,2423,3078,3143],"ultimately":[316],"succeed":[317,422],"improving":[319,2077,2155],"lowering":[322],"costs.Frequently,":[323],"persistent":[324],"conditions":[327,355,389,799,2462,2969],"leave":[328],"their":[330,392,408,555,717,867,902,919,927,1037,1082,1416,1431,1475,1580,1637,2000,2174,2186,2258,2281,2353,2468,2544,2630,2890,3112,3122,3198],"wake":[331],"lifelong":[332],"disability,":[333],"compromised":[334,2023],"quality":[335],"life,":[337],"deaths":[338],"could":[340],"prevented,":[343],"burgeoning":[345],"costs.":[347],"Current":[348],"research":[349,1916,3086],"suggests":[350],"many":[352,402,1301,2369,2390,2784],"costly":[353,393],"can":[356,2295,2337,2396,2418],"be":[357,576,710,727,814,843,1544,1643,1883,2008,2269,2338,2493,3036],"reduced":[358],"or":[359,695,986,2203,2211,2754],"prevented":[360],"through":[361,1266,2680,2877],"meaningful":[362,906,1219,1930],"behavior":[363,414,501,540,663,909,1150,1335,1560,2278,2380,2617,2700,2926,3018,3163],"(1,12,13,16,25,30,32,34,35,38).":[365],"Thus":[366],"imperative":[369,873,1889,3106],"renewed":[371],"efforts":[372],"emphasize":[373],"helping":[377,922,1074],"patients":[378,2190,2305,2405,2458,2760,2875],"make":[379,419,536,800,905,2049,3015],"behavioral":[381,1204,2934,3150],"changes":[382,415,2927,3164],"needed":[383],"adverse":[387],"effects.Due":[394],"rise":[397],"conditions,":[401,1963,2194],"Americans":[403,757],"receive":[404],"stern":[405],"advice":[406,565,644],"provider":[411,1532],"they":[417,2837,3117],"should":[418,1543,1611],"but":[420],"rarely":[421,651],"undertaking.":[424],"Allopathic":[425],"(Western)":[426],"training":[428,1448,1463,1494,1553,1573,1685,1711,1749,1799,2355],"focuses":[429],"analysis":[432,2909],"presenting":[434],"clinical":[435,829,1581,2226,2357,2932,2952,3103,3147],"signs":[436],"symptoms":[438],"via":[439],"detailed":[441],"history":[442],"selected":[444],"tests":[446],"allow":[448,1914],"formation":[450],"diagnosis.":[453],"From":[454],"diagnosis":[456],"test":[458,2749],"results,":[459],"plan":[462],"developed,":[464,1608],"implemented,":[465],"directed":[467],"patient":[470,477,2241],"by":[471,521,746,1040,1087,1156,1317,1546,1657,1666,1757,2014,2467,2543,2620,3177],"practitioner,":[474],"frequently":[475,506,952],"without":[476,2750],"input":[478],"into":[479,653,1218,1645,2181,2261,2687],"plan.":[481],"effective":[483,810,1994,2152],"acute":[486],"emergency":[488],"settings,":[489],"\u201cexpert\u201d":[491],"approach":[492,894,1031,1995,2153,2184,2227,2267,2992,3000],"had":[494],"minimal":[495],"impact":[496,2111],"creating":[498],"lasting":[499,662,908,1227,2276],"change.":[502,604,664,1282,1336,1561,2220],"Patient":[503],"compliance":[504],"stifled":[507],"desired":[509,2250],"outcomes":[510,2239,2279],"marginalized":[511],"person's":[514,1257,2114],"motivation":[515,657],"undermined":[520],"loss":[523],"perceived":[525],"autonomy.":[526],"It":[527],"observed":[530],"\u201cpeople":[532],"often":[533,632,995,2172],"struggle":[534],"sustain":[538],"health-related":[539,1077,1334,1432,2616,2719,3017],"changes,":[541],"even":[542],"when":[543,551,1024,2402],"well":[544,728],"informed":[545],"seemingly":[547],"motivated\u201d":[548],"(33).":[549],"Even":[550],"own":[556,868,1038,1638,3199],"best":[557],"interest,":[558],"human":[559],"beings":[560],"tend":[561],"resist":[563],"directive":[564],"flurry":[568],"excuses,":[570],"denial,":[571],"desire":[574,1303],"autonomous.":[577],"Wellcoaches\u00ae":[578],"founder":[579],"Meg":[580],"Moore":[581],"gave":[582],"fitting":[584],"illustration":[585],"scenario":[588],"during":[589],"presentation,":[591],"stating":[592],"\u201ceven":[594],"fear":[596],"death":[598],"bad":[601],"motivator":[602,648],"Take":[605],"smoker,":[607],"example,":[609],"doctor":[611],"tells":[612],"them":[613,626,1042,1423],"it's":[615],"going":[616],"kill":[618],"them,":[619],"yet":[620,1304],"most,":[621],"if":[622,2141],"not":[623,809,2142,2520,2911],"continue":[628],"light":[630],"up,":[631],"within":[633,935],"just":[634,941],"few":[636,1632],"hours":[637],"conversation\u201d":[640],"(22).":[641],"expert":[643,2183],"external":[647],"converted":[652],"required":[655,1278,1614,1820],"internal":[656,2688],"successfully":[660,1308,1429,2339,3014],"drive":[661],"Thus,":[665,1886,2080,2522,3055],"America":[667,2979],"today,":[668],"20":[673],"engage":[675],"key":[678,773,2941],"regular":[682,2845],"exercise,":[684],"abstaining":[685],"tobacco":[687],"use,":[688],"adequate":[689,699,852],"fruit":[690],"vegetable":[692],"intake,":[693,2503],"no":[694],"moderate":[696],"alcohol":[697],"consumption,":[698],"sleep,":[700,2508],"stress":[702,2506,2588],"management":[703],"(2).":[704],"most":[706,1673],"people":[707,860,897,1034,1075,1294,1998,3012,3108],"yearn":[708],"energetic,":[711],"well,":[712],"charge":[715],"health,":[718],"huge":[722],"gap":[723,743],"between":[724,755,1014,1470,2321],"wanting":[725],"reality":[731],"committing":[733],"daily":[734],"undertaking":[736],"appropriate":[738,2233],"support":[741,1497,1528,1627,1987,3010,3029],"wellness.This":[742],"was":[744],"emphasized":[745],"Bipartisan":[748],"Policy":[749],"Center,":[750],"which":[751,1391,1827,2333],"demonstrated":[752],"disconnect":[754],"what":[756,763,1133],"spend":[758,2300],"being":[760],"healthy":[761,768,779,2251],"versus":[762],"truly":[764],"makes":[765,1357,2138],"(see":[769],"Figure":[770],"1).":[771],"The":[772,1079,1283,1587,1795,2562,2892,3136],"drivers":[774],"optimal":[776],"include":[778,1393,1443,2057],"(50%),":[781],"environment":[782,2331],"(20%),":[783,785],"genetics":[784],"access":[787,3180],"(10%)":[791],"(3).The":[792],"rising":[793,2965],"prevalence":[796],"clear":[802],"traditional":[805,2991],"model":[807,1187,2086,2378,2456,2919,3005],"needs":[812],"redesigned":[815],"achieve":[817,1076,1295],"better":[818,2272],"long-term":[819,2238],"outcomes.":[820,2935],"Training":[821,1404,1780],"clinicians":[822],"allied":[824,1377],"professionals,":[826,1319,1368,2170],"exercise":[830,1584,2358],"physiologists":[831],"(CEPs),":[832],"skills":[835,920,998,1412,1576,1719,2394,3152],"coaching":[841,877,981,1023,1027,1072,1085,1173,1558,1575,1653,1763,1769,1803,1925,2137,2148,2266,2335,2414,2455,2694,2963,3151],"may":[842,1392,1408,2107,2268,3006],"important":[845,2899,3016,3187],"step":[846],"toward":[847,1505,1897,2076,2216,2427,2981,3160],"meeting":[848],"goal.":[850],"reimbursement":[854],"services":[857],"empower":[859],"take":[862,899,3195],"active":[864,2430],"role":[865,1070],"well-being":[871,1299],"(33).Health":[874],"(H/WC)":[878],"rapidly":[880],"gained":[881],"traction":[882],"over":[883,2246,2287,2345],"5":[886],"7":[888],"yr":[889,1201],"collaborative,":[892],"patient-focused":[893,1314,2948],"enables":[896],"responsibility":[900,3196],"changes.":[910,2618,3019],"professional":[912,932,1912],"coaches":[913,934,1234,1364],"long":[915,990],"recognized":[917,1675],"athletes":[923],"executives":[925],"improve":[926,1999],"performance,":[928],"use":[930,2574,2653],"heath":[937],"setting":[939],"beginning":[942],"blossom.The":[944],"terms":[945],"coach":[947,950,2323,3142],"used":[953,2704],"interchangeably":[954],"currently":[956,1356,1864],"lack":[957,1344,1483,1515,1875,2125,2200,3045],"clear,":[959],"concise,":[960],"accepted":[963,1677,1901],"definition.":[964],"Since":[965,2757],"early":[967,993],"1990s,":[968],"variety":[970,1960,2536,2580,2691],"H/WC":[972,1001,1093,1180,1212,1286,1311,1406,1439,1480,1507,1542,1629,1892,1953,1991,2085,2291,2393,2613,2815,2918,2949,2958,3004,3049,3063,3101,3134],"definitions":[973,994,1086],"published.":[976],"concept":[979],"\u201cone":[983],"who":[984,1323,1549,2256,2463,2479,2954],"instructs":[985],"trains\u201d":[987],"(20)":[988],"established,":[992],"confused":[996],"those":[1003],"education":[1006],"teaching.":[1008],"Whitmore":[1009],"alluded":[1010],"difference":[1013],"process":[1016,1145,1268,1315,2092,2421,2682,2867,2896,2950],"education/teaching":[1019],"he":[1025],"described":[1026],"facilitated":[1030],"assists":[1033],"maximizing":[1036],"performance":[1039],"\u201chelping":[1041],"learn":[1044],"rather":[1045,1239,1249,2855],"teaching":[1047],"them\u201d":[1048],"(37).":[1049],"Palmer":[1050],"et":[1051,1117,2016,2121],"al.":[1052,1118,2122],"published":[1053,1943,1983,2034,2071,3025],"2003":[1055],"article":[1056],"International":[1059],"Journal":[1060],"Health":[1062,1106,1593,1777],"Promotion":[1063],"Education":[1065],"highlighted":[1067],"possible":[1069],"goals.":[1078,2644,2825,2891],"authors":[1080],"summarized":[1081],"review":[1083,1725,2036],"proposing":[1088],"tentative":[1090],"definition":[1091,2131,3070],"following:In":[1096],"2010,":[1097],"group":[1099],"National":[1102,1588],"Consortium":[1103,1589],"Credentialing":[1105,1591],"&":[1107,1594],"Wellness":[1108,1595,2439],"Coaches":[1109,1596,2645],"(NCCHWC)":[1110],"arrived":[1111],"following":[1114,2059,2737],"definition:Subsequently,":[1115],"Wolever":[1116,2015,2039,2120],"(39)":[1119],"concluded":[1120],"despite":[1122],"operational":[1123],"definitional":[1125],"disparities,":[1126],"\u201cemerging":[1130],"consensus":[1131,1537],"referred":[1135,1421,2466,2542],"coaching;":[1141],"namely,":[1142],"patient-centered":[1144,2090,2265,2612,3003,3158],"based":[1148,2657],"upon":[1149],"theory":[1152],"delivered":[1155],"professionals":[1158,1548,2350,2478],"diverse":[1160,1373],"backgrounds.\u201d":[1161],"They":[1162],"defined":[1163],"conceptual":[1165],"interventional":[1167,2234],"components":[1168],"following:Based":[1176],"definitions,":[1179],"significantly":[1181,1409],"differs":[1182],"prescription,":[1189],"education,":[1190,1615,2175],"case":[1191,1729,1950],"management,":[1192],"and,":[1193,1525],"some":[1195,1386,2776,2809],"cases,":[1196],"psychotherapy.":[1197],"Building":[1198],"50":[1200],"neuroscience,":[1203],"change,":[1205],"positive":[1206,1281,2696],"psychology,":[1207],"adult":[1209],"development":[1210,1878,2315,3082],"research,":[1211],"translates":[1213],"formable":[1215],"scientific":[1216,2020],"foundation":[1217],"relationships":[1220],"focused":[1223,1957,2087,2794,2861],"facilitating":[1225,1332,2924],"mind-set":[1230],"behavior.":[1232],"H/W":[1233,1363,2622,3141],"accentuating":[1237],"possibilities":[1238],"problems":[1241],"causes":[1243],"build":[1245],"client":[1247,1728],"strengths":[1248,1261,2632],"\u201cfixing\u201d":[1251],"weaknesses.":[1252],"Coaching":[1253],"builds":[1254],"intrinsic":[1258],"resources":[1259],"supports":[1263],"each":[1264,2307,2672,3170],"individual":[1265],"self-discovery":[1270,2091,2684],"identifying":[1272],"prime":[1274],"motivators":[1275],"realize":[1280,3115],"utilization":[1284,2945],"tremendous":[1290,1566],"potential":[1291,1339,3129],"help":[1293,1997,2424],"desperately":[1302],"unable":[1306],"reach.To":[1309],"summarize,":[1310],"undertaken":[1316],"CEPs,":[1322,1414,2473],"trained":[1325,2481,2956,3138],"skilled":[1327],"art":[1330],"sustainable":[1333],"Despite":[1337],"benefits":[1340],"H/WC,":[1342,2038],"standardized":[1347,1622,1924,3090],"definition,":[1348],"core":[1349,1489,1804],"competencies,":[1350,1490,1618],"nationally":[1352,1487,1900,3068],"accredited":[1353],"credentialing":[1354],"programs":[1355,1861,2518,2813],"its":[1358],"effectiveness":[1359],"difficult":[1360,2052],"prove.Some":[1362],"licensed":[1366],"others":[1370],"very":[1372],"backgrounds":[1374],"professions,":[1379],"counseling,":[1380],"fitness.":[1382],"Most":[1383,2826],"undergone":[1385,1551],"form":[1387,2599],"additional":[1389,1552,1572,2860,3084],"education/training,":[1390],"certificate":[1395],"achievement":[1397,2863,3168],"and/or":[1398],"culminate":[1399],"certification":[1402,1440,1481,1499,1605,1654,1737,1838],"exam.":[1403],"competencies":[1407,1805,1881],"augment":[1410,1579],"typical":[1417],"patient/client":[1418],"need":[1427,2491,2984,3060,3190],"behaviors.There":[1433],"organizations":[1436,1634],"offer":[1438],"exams":[1441],"broad":[1445,2363],"range":[1446],"(2":[1449],"h":[1450],"2":[1452],"yr)":[1453],"requirements.":[1454,1478],"created":[1457],"challenge":[1459],"similar":[1460,2497],"personal":[1462,2631],"cannot":[1468,2007,3035],"distinguish":[1469],"different":[1472],"certifications":[1473,1873],"varying":[1477],"Currently,":[1479],"providers":[1482],"set":[1485,1603,1648,1902,3072],"agreed-upon":[1488,3069],"educational":[1491],"standards,":[1492],"benchmarks":[1495],"accreditation":[1500],"process.":[1501],"data":[1503,1984,2721,3034],"supporting":[1506],"continuum,":[1513],"standardization":[1517,2127,3047],"negatively":[1518],"impacts":[1519],"credibility":[1521,1909],"profession":[1524,1893,3064],"therefore,":[1526],"community.There":[1533],"emerging":[1536],"literature":[1540,1940,1947,2021,2051,3026],"skills/techniques":[1556],"opens":[1563],"up":[1564],"opportunity":[1567],"CEPs":[1569,2171,2255,2285,2294,2341,2370],"obtain":[1571],"experience":[1582],"physiology":[1585,2359],"training.":[1586],"continues":[1597,1894],"work":[1599,1896,2661],"universal":[1602,1647],"standards.":[1606,1904],"Once":[1607],"standards":[1610,1639,3074],"encompass":[1612],"critical":[1617,2983,3059],"necessary":[1619,1877,3009,3094],"training,":[1620],"practice":[1623],"guidelines":[1624],"profession.":[1630],"independent":[1633],"developed":[1636],"hopefully":[1642],"integrated":[1644],"(24).Currently,":[1649],"only":[1651],"program":[1655,1750,1834,2471,2525,2565,2595,2610,2643,2734,2791,2880],"endorsed":[1656],"American":[1659],"College":[1660],"Sports":[1662],"Medicine":[1663,1773],"Wellcoaches":[1667,1679],"(36).":[1668],"certifications,":[1678],"offers":[1680,1774],"two":[1681,1752,1854],"levels":[1683],"certification:":[1687],"Core":[1689,1698,1740],"Coach":[1690,1699,1735,1741,1778],"Professional":[1693,1734,1779],"Coach.":[1694],"Certification":[1695,1731,1792,1825],"level":[1700],"requires":[1701,1736],"completion":[1703,1743],"18":[1706],"wk":[1707],"intensive":[1708,1746],"interactive":[1710],"program,":[1712,2550],"passage":[1713],"written":[1716],"exam,":[1717],"practical":[1718],"assessment,":[1720],"submission":[1723,1759],"summary.":[1730],"level,":[1742],"9":[1747],"mo":[1748,1831,2564,2733],"(including":[1751],"residential":[1753],"weekends),":[1754],"skill":[1755,2900],"demonstration":[1756],"recorded":[1762],"session,":[1764],"12,500":[1767],"word":[1768],"mastery":[1770],"journal.Duke":[1771],"Integrative":[1772,1776],"program\u2014launched":[1781],"August":[1783],"2008\u2014that":[1784],"consists":[1785,1807,2526],"Foundation":[1788,1796,1817],"Course":[1789,1793,1797,1818],"(7).":[1794],"provides":[1798,2452],"integrative":[1801,1841],"three":[1809],"multiday":[1810],"on-site":[1811],"learning":[1812,1833,2411],"modules.":[1813],"Completion":[1814],"enroll":[1822],"Course,":[1826],"6":[1830],"distance":[1832],"culminates":[1836],"coach.":[1843],"Applicants":[1844],"must":[1845],"hold":[1846],"minimum":[1848],"bachelor's":[1851],"degree.These":[1852],"excellent":[1855],"examples":[1856],"available":[1859,2603],"training/certification":[1860],"offered.":[1865],"However,":[1866,2118,2254,3032,3185],"previously":[1868],"mentioned,":[1869],"rigor":[1879],"credible":[1884],"credentials.":[1885],"implementing":[1898],"increase":[1907],"future":[1915,2115],"protocols":[1917],"utilize":[1919,2814,3089],"interventions":[1920,3050],"incorporate":[1922],"processes/techniques":[1926],"derive":[1929,2273],"outcome":[1931,2570],"measurements":[1932],"(31).A":[1933],"body":[1937],"peer-reviewed":[1939],"H/WC.":[1945,2906,3076],"contains":[1948],"reports":[1951],"studies":[1954,3087],"cancer,":[1968],"coronary":[1969],"artery":[1970],"disease,":[1971,2789],"hypertension,":[1972],"pain,":[1974],"depression,":[1975],"arthritis,":[1976],"fibromyalgia,":[1977],"diagnoses.":[1980],"appears":[1985,2082,2915],"perception":[1989],"status,":[2004],"results":[2006],"considered":[2009,3037],"definitive":[2010,3038],"(39).":[2011],"identified":[2013,2042],"al.,":[2017],"methodological":[2027,2063,3053],"concerns":[2028],"variations.":[2030],"In":[2031,2936],"recently":[2033],"systematic":[2035],"colleagues":[2041],"interpret.":[2054],"These":[2055],"(39):Despite":[2060],"aforementioned":[2062],"identified,":[2065],"vast":[2067],"majority":[2068],"articles":[2072],"show":[2073],"beneficial":[2074,2392],"status.":[2079,2117],"developing":[2094,2229],"specific":[2096],"vision,":[2098,2628],"along":[2099],"actionable":[2102],"goals":[2103],"supportive":[2105],"accountability,":[2106],"concluded,":[2123],"\u201cthe":[2124],"both":[2129,2812,2972],"operationalization":[2134],"difficult,":[2140],"impossible,":[2143],"determine":[2145],"indeed":[2150],"reducing":[2159],"global":[2161],"burden":[2162],"disease\u201d":[2165],"(39).Consistent":[2166],"channel":[2173,2257],"experience,":[2176,2939],"passion":[2178,2260],"patients.":[2187],"Often,":[2188],"multiple":[2192],"depressed,":[2196],"downtrodden,":[2198],"self-esteem":[2202],"self-efficacy":[2204,2679],"move":[2206,2426],"out":[2207],"pre-contemplative":[2210],"contemplative":[2212],"stages":[2213,2431],"actually":[2217],"making":[2218],"All":[2221],"too":[2222],"frequently,":[2223],"CEP's":[2225],"directing":[2231],"prescription":[2235],"produces":[2236],"marginal":[2237],"adherence":[2242],"tends":[2243],"wane":[2245],"time":[2247,2303,3041],"cease.":[2253],"more":[2262,2301,2429],"able":[2270,2745],"patients.One":[2282],"advantage":[2283],"utilizing":[2290],"typically":[2296],"meet":[2297],"regularly":[2298],"one-on-one":[2302],"visit.":[2308],"flexibility":[2310],"conducive":[2312],"trusting,":[2318],"accepting":[2319],"relationship":[2320],"patient.":[2326],"fundamental":[2330],"techniques":[2336],"delivered.":[2340],"also":[2342],"advantages":[2344],"fitness":[2349],"covers":[2361],"spectrum":[2364],"good":[2373],"understanding":[2374],"trans-theoretical":[2377],"application":[2384],"motivational":[2386],"interviewing,":[2387],"clinician":[2400],"toolbox":[2401],"faced":[2403],"reluctant":[2406],"(21,23,27,29).":[2409],"By":[2410],"applying":[2413],"techniques,":[2415],"CEP":[2417,3132,3137],"facilitate":[2419,3155],"clients":[2425,2651],"goal":[2435],"achievement.The":[2436],"Journey":[2437],"Program":[2440],"(J2W)":[2441],"Summit":[2444],"Medical":[2445],"Fitness":[2446],"Center":[2447],"(SMFC)":[2448],"Kalispell,":[2450],"Montana,":[2451],"physician.":[2469],"utilizes":[2472,2611],"physicians,":[2474],"certified":[2483],"coaches.Because":[2485],"underlying":[2487,2787],"modifiable":[2488],"factors":[2489],"addressed":[2494],"remain":[2495],"fundamentally":[2496],"regardless":[2498],"(dietary":[2502],"modulation,":[2507],"social":[2509],"interaction,":[2510],"pain":[2511,2753],"perception,":[2512],"spiritual":[2514],"wellbeing),":[2515],"condition-focused":[2517],"necessary.":[2521],"J2W":[2524,2560,2772,2807,2879,2917],"platform":[2529],"applicable":[2532],"across":[2533],"wide":[2535],"Patients":[2540],"primarily":[2548,2793],"self-pay":[2549],"although":[2551],"self-insured":[2555],"plans":[2556],"covering":[2559],"participation.":[2561],"4":[2563],"includes":[2566],"initial":[2567],"final":[2569],"assessments,":[2571],"weekly":[2572],"coaching,":[2573],"SMFC,":[2577],"enhancement":[2584],"opportunities":[2585],"(e.g.,":[2586],"mindfulness-based":[2587],"reduction,":[2589],"cooking":[2590],"classes/nutrition":[2591],"instruction,":[2592],"etc.).":[2593],"Reduced":[2594],"prices":[2596],"\u201cscholarships\u201d":[2601],"low-income":[2605],"individuals":[2606,3193],"needs.The":[2609],"stimulate":[2615],"Facilitated":[2619],"coach,":[2623],"participants":[2624,2743,2785,2888],"identify":[2629],"motivators,":[2634],"develop":[2636,3066],"SMART":[2637],"(Specific,":[2638],"Measureable,":[2639],"Attainable,":[2640],"Realistic,":[2641],"Timely)":[2642],"establish":[2646],"trust":[2647],"rapport":[2649],"\u201cguiding":[2655],"approach\u201d":[2656],"seminal":[2660],"Miller":[2663],"Rollnick":[2665],"Motivational":[2667]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2018-08-22T00:00:00"}