{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2885001973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5669","title":"Spatio\u2010temporal variability of extreme precipitation in Nepal","display_name":"Spatio\u2010temporal variability of extreme precipitation in Nepal","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2885001973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5669","mag":"2885001973"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/joc.5669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32061424","display_name":"International Journal of Climatology","issn_l":"0899-8418","issn":["0899-8418","1097-0088"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Climatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003343758","display_name":"Rocky Talchabhadel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0526-7663","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0526-7663"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800730371","display_name":"Government of Nepal","ror":"https://ror.org/05gjrwv72","country_code":"NP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800730371"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405264767","display_name":"Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfpc920","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242","https://openalex.org/I4405264767"]}],"countries":["JP","NP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rocky Talchabhadel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Government of Nepal, Nepal","Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0526-7663","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Government of Nepal, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800730371"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242","https://openalex.org/I4405264767"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036282665","display_name":"Ramchandra Karki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3742-1015","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3742-1015"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800730371","display_name":"Government of Nepal","ror":"https://ror.org/05gjrwv72","country_code":"NP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800730371"]}],"countries":["DE","NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramchandra Karki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Government of Nepal, Nepal","Institute of Geography, University of Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Government of Nepal, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800730371"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, University of Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018763371","display_name":"Bhesh Raj Thapa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9336-3622","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9336-3622"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60325297","display_name":"International Water Management Institute (IWMI)","ror":"https://ror.org/04vpcaw67","country_code":"LK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286583668","https://openalex.org/I60325297"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhesh Raj Thapa","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Water Management Institute, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Water Management Institute, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60325297"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046111679","display_name":"Manisha Maharjan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5954-9207","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5954-9207"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manisha Maharjan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027366061","display_name":"Binod Prasad Parajuli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3528-6075","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3528-6075"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800730371","display_name":"Government of Nepal","ror":"https://ror.org/05gjrwv72","country_code":"NP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800730371"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binod Parajuli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Government of Nepal, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Government of Nepal, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800730371"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003343758"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242","https://openalex.org/I2800730371","https://openalex.org/I4405264767"],"apc_list":{"value":3920,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3920},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8938,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":182,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98406051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"11","first_page":"4296","last_page":"4313"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9550999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9550999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.040699999779462814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-precipitation","display_name":"heavy rainfall","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatiotemporal-variation","display_name":"spatiotemporal variation","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation-trends","display_name":"precipitation trends","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annual-precipitation","display_name":"annual precipitation","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topographic-heterogeneity","display_name":"topographic heterogeneity","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landslides","display_name":"landslides","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floods","display_name":"floods","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debris-flows","display_name":"debris flows","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nepal","display_name":"Nepal","score":0.35100001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.8490146398544312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.6364590525627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129536444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1354045","display_name":"Foothills","level":2,"score":0.6202058792114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.5977979898452759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.582503080368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186295008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167903","display_name":"Landslide","level":2,"score":0.5465129017829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061","display_name":"Spatial distribution","level":2,"score":0.5336241126060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.45907872915267944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.4414112865924835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.422377347946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2775835394859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.21077948808670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.12150779366493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.08567294478416443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.06403759121894836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/joc.5669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32061424","display_name":"International Journal of Climatology","issn_l":"0899-8418","issn":["0899-8418","1097-0088"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Climatology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.9786999821662903}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41659360","https://openalex.org/W102279446","https://openalex.org/W150627194","https://openalex.org/W624765231","https://openalex.org/W900078586","https://openalex.org/W1527803616","https://openalex.org/W1865770566","https://openalex.org/W1966919913","https://openalex.org/W1968892883","https://openalex.org/W1972285425","https://openalex.org/W1984472645","https://openalex.org/W1985854434","https://openalex.org/W1995753268","https://openalex.org/W2000257837","https://openalex.org/W2001049552","https://openalex.org/W2003883849","https://openalex.org/W2005751867","https://openalex.org/W2018764772","https://openalex.org/W2019327179","https://openalex.org/W2019469451","https://openalex.org/W2022511173","https://openalex.org/W2025919700","https://openalex.org/W2026465536","https://openalex.org/W2031773732","https://openalex.org/W2033656346","https://openalex.org/W2036144924","https://openalex.org/W2037894698","https://openalex.org/W2038917393","https://openalex.org/W2041684504","https://openalex.org/W2051929462","https://openalex.org/W2053910628","https://openalex.org/W2059744834","https://openalex.org/W2070337735","https://openalex.org/W2071485587","https://openalex.org/W2072901822","https://openalex.org/W2073077593","https://openalex.org/W2080862648","https://openalex.org/W2082608203","https://openalex.org/W2101490545","https://openalex.org/W2102588958","https://openalex.org/W2129161539","https://openalex.org/W2130813847","https://openalex.org/W2145105578","https://openalex.org/W2146939523","https://openalex.org/W2147776204","https://openalex.org/W2152828089","https://openalex.org/W2153379386","https://openalex.org/W2154492473","https://openalex.org/W2157291760","https://openalex.org/W2163518596","https://openalex.org/W2167622596","https://openalex.org/W2169695407","https://openalex.org/W2171215372","https://openalex.org/W2277926427","https://openalex.org/W2307234171","https://openalex.org/W2318680928","https://openalex.org/W2325963232","https://openalex.org/W2333138094","https://openalex.org/W2397863481","https://openalex.org/W2474303893","https://openalex.org/W2549908862","https://openalex.org/W2555567511","https://openalex.org/W2578554005","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2595615092","https://openalex.org/W2730723757","https://openalex.org/W3199702905","https://openalex.org/W4255672524","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4399584954"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2578554005","https://openalex.org/W2926429237","https://openalex.org/W4286784862","https://openalex.org/W2757475403","https://openalex.org/W2949653345","https://openalex.org/W3016658631","https://openalex.org/W2969500309","https://openalex.org/W4210776473","https://openalex.org/W4294405606","https://openalex.org/W7160763942"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nepal":[0],"is":[1,234],"one":[2],"of":[3,23,30,41,53,58,68,84,99,107,110,116,123,140,188,193,195,208,219,221,230,271],"the":[4,20,34,46,50,65,89,94,97,105,114,121,138,151,177,189,209,216,231,251,262,268],"most":[5],"vulnerable":[6],"countries":[7],"to":[8,112],"climate":[9],"change":[10],"impacts.":[11],"Extreme":[12],"weather":[13],"events":[14,256],"associated":[15],"with":[16,144,180],"heavy":[17],"precipitations":[18],"are":[19,171,277],"principal":[21],"causes":[22],"landslides,":[24,222],"debris":[25],"flows":[26],"and":[27,43,70,73,77,125,129,132,158,225,244,274],"all":[28],"types":[29],"floods":[31,226],"disasters":[32],"in":[33,55,60,165,176,184,199,206,213,227,240,253,257,261],"country,":[35],"which":[36,212],"by":[37,120],"causing":[38],"tremendous":[39],"losses":[40],"life":[42],"property":[44],"affects":[45],"socio\u2010economic":[47],"development.":[48],"Given":[49],"limited":[51],"availability":[52],"knowledge":[54],"spatio\u2010temporal":[56],"distribution":[57,67],"precipitation":[59,72,76,111,143,154,169,198,242,255],"Nepal,":[61],"this":[62,135],"study":[63,102,136],"analyses":[64],"spatial":[66],"monthly":[69],"annual":[71,146,153,197],"1\u2010day":[74,141,167],"extreme":[75,142,168,241,254],"their":[78],"trends":[79,276],"utilizing":[80],"a":[81,185,200],"large":[82],"number":[83],"stations":[85,87,211],"(291":[86],"for":[88,96],"first":[90],"time)":[91],"distributed":[92],"across":[93],"country":[95],"period":[98],"1966\u20132015.":[100],"This":[101],"focuses":[103],"on":[104],"exploration":[106],"elevational":[108],"dependencies":[109],"demonstrate":[113],"effect":[115],"topographic":[117],"heterogeneity":[118],"caused":[119],"numbers":[122],"broad":[124],"narrow":[126],"river":[127],"valleys":[128],"mountain":[130],"slopes":[131],"ridges.":[133],"Also,":[134],"investigates":[137],"relation":[139],"mean":[145,196],"precipitation.":[147],"Our":[148],"results":[149],"show":[150],"peak":[152],"elevation":[155,175],"between":[156],"2,000":[157],"3,500":[159],"m":[160],"above":[161],"sea":[162],"level,":[163],"while":[164],"contrast":[166],"peaks":[170],"found":[172],"at":[173],"lower":[174],"southern":[178],"foothills":[179],"its":[181],"highest":[182],"intensity":[183,243],"central":[186],"region":[187],"country.":[190,232],"The":[191],"occurrence":[192],"10%":[194],"single":[201],"day":[202],"has":[203],"been":[204],"observed":[205],"75%":[207],"analysed":[210],"turn":[214],"indicates":[215],"high":[217],"likelihoods":[218],"initiation":[220],"soil":[223],"erosions":[224],"different":[228],"parts":[229],"There":[233],"no":[235],"definitive":[236],"countrywide":[237],"decadal":[238],"trend":[239,248],"occurrence.":[245],"A":[246],"station\u2010wise":[247,272],"clearly":[249],"shows":[250],"increase":[252],"western":[258],"mountainous":[259],"regions":[260],"recent":[263],"decades.":[264],"In":[265],"other":[266],"locations,":[267],"mixed":[269],"patterns":[270],"increasing":[273],"decreasing":[275],"found.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-08-03T00:00:00"}