{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2884733822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f9080455","title":"Measuring Eco-Efficiency of State-Owned Forestry Enterprises in Northeast China","display_name":"Measuring Eco-Efficiency of State-Owned Forestry Enterprises in Northeast China","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2884733822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f9080455","mag":"2884733822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/f9080455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f9080455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9080455","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/9/8/455/pdf?version=1532677201","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71324801","display_name":"Forests","issn_l":"1999-4907","issn":["1999-4907"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forests","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/9/8/455/pdf?version=1532677201","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059551181","display_name":"Youliang Ning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4636-8997","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4636-8997"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128615","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Forestry","ror":"https://ror.org/0360dkv71","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128615","https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135514","display_name":"Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information","ror":"https://ror.org/044snpb24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128615","https://openalex.org/I4210134523","https://openalex.org/I4210135514"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youliang Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128615","https://openalex.org/I4210135514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101646289","display_name":"Zhen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9770-1692","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9770-1692"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9770-1692","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zekui Ning","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100953","display_name":"Xi'an University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/01b9y2p27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100953"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zekui Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Finance & Economics, Xi\u2019an 710010, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Finance & Economics, Xi\u2019an 710010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100953"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023512344","display_name":"Han Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0768-7054","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0768-7054"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Economics and Management, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Economics and Management, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101646289"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":2.5955,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90241799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"8","first_page":"455","last_page":"455"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11753","display_name":"Forest Management and Policy","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eco-efficiency","display_name":"eco-efficiency","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/undesirable-outputs","display_name":"undesirable outputs","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-technical-efficiency","display_name":"pure technical efficiency","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-forest-protection-project","display_name":"Natural Forest Protection Project","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-reforms","display_name":"market reforms","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-forest-management","display_name":"sustainable forest management","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northeast-china","display_name":"Northeast China","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sdg-8","display_name":"SDG 8","score":0.6859999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22088475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647974","display_name":"Data envelopment analysis","level":2,"score":0.7567141056060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145025406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294882","display_name":"Eco-efficiency","level":3,"score":0.6709696650505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6470400094985962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.6186078786849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5670047402381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5628479719161987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.5290115475654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5187007188796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020225985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2396633","display_name":"State owned","level":2,"score":0.512036144733429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4705671966075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82492881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333232","display_name":"Ecological efficiency","level":2,"score":0.42458510398864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109332788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615445","display_name":"Economic efficiency","level":2,"score":0.4116639494895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.4030844569206238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.3777802884578705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.29835838079452515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1720673143863678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.08795121312141418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.08645424246788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08568701148033142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08053731918334961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/f9080455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f9080455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9080455","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/9/8/455/pdf?version=1532677201","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71324801","display_name":"Forests","issn_l":"1999-4907","issn":["1999-4907"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forests","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ea0a9503e3314aabbda505aacba2b5f4","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ea0a9503e3314aabbda505aacba2b5f4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Forests, Vol 9, Iss 8, p 455 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/f9080455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f9080455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9080455","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/9/8/455/pdf?version=1532677201","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71324801","display_name":"Forests","issn_l":"1999-4907","issn":["1999-4907"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forests","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":0.7605999708175659}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7904692377","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71603126","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G813249989","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71403213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321410","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323156","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Forestry","ror":"https://ror.org/0360dkv71"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2884733822.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2884733822.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1571795790","https://openalex.org/W1601649700","https://openalex.org/W1888037459","https://openalex.org/W1975461849","https://openalex.org/W1993789803","https://openalex.org/W2011026657","https://openalex.org/W2023366887","https://openalex.org/W2047146059","https://openalex.org/W2051429274","https://openalex.org/W2056119624","https://openalex.org/W2056733705","https://openalex.org/W2061137253","https://openalex.org/W2076452041","https://openalex.org/W2129763896","https://openalex.org/W2155725934","https://openalex.org/W2333257412","https://openalex.org/W2343128957","https://openalex.org/W2375360160","https://openalex.org/W2412247133","https://openalex.org/W2506753585","https://openalex.org/W2611203492","https://openalex.org/W2621693706","https://openalex.org/W2769089716","https://openalex.org/W4255459322","https://openalex.org/W4394702352"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2792738196","https://openalex.org/W6944104282","https://openalex.org/W4380906187","https://openalex.org/W3124971895","https://openalex.org/W4319082779","https://openalex.org/W2621693706","https://openalex.org/W2736734304","https://openalex.org/W1601649700","https://openalex.org/W2581517111","https://openalex.org/W3125951951"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"State-owned":[0],"forestry":[1,10,27],"enterprises":[2],"(SOFEs)":[3],"play":[4],"an":[5],"important":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,12,63,75,110,133],"the":[9,15,23,34,58,85,141,144,168,180],"economy":[11],"China.":[13],"Understanding":[14],"eco-efficiency":[16,51,86,101,111,129],"of":[17,25,33,61,92,130,143,156,182],"their":[18],"production":[19,157],"is":[20],"beneficial":[21],"for":[22,29],"development":[24,87],"sustainable":[26],"and":[28,43,89,115,178],"achieving":[30],"Goal":[31],"8":[32],"United":[35],"Nations\u2019":[36],"Sustainable":[37],"Development":[38],"Goals":[39],"(SDGs):":[40],"Decent":[41],"Work":[42],"Economic":[44],"Growth.":[45],"This":[46],"paper":[47,83],"assesses":[48],"SOFEs\u2019":[49,99,161],"overall":[50],"by":[52,104],"analyzing":[53],"various":[54],"undesirable":[55],"outputs":[56],"using":[57],"Slacks-Based":[59],"Measure":[60],"efficiency":[62],"Data":[64],"Envelopment":[65],"Analysis":[66],"(SBM-DEA)":[67],"model.":[68],"Using":[69],"basic":[70],"data":[71],"from":[72,78,135],"87":[73],"SOFEs":[74,131],"Northeast":[76],"China":[77],"2003":[79,136],"to":[80,124,137,140,152,174],"2016,":[81],"this":[82],"evaluated":[84],"level":[88],"spatial":[90],"patterns":[91],"that":[93,98],"region.":[94],"The":[95,128],"results":[96],"show":[97],"low":[100,105],"was":[102,132],"caused":[103],"pure-technical":[106],"efficiency.":[107,127],"Regional":[108],"differences":[109],"were":[112],"very":[113],"significant":[114],"became":[116],"larger,":[117],"but":[118],"a":[119,153],"market-oriented":[120,176],"reform":[121],"might":[122],"help":[123],"improve":[125],"such":[126],"decline":[134],"2016":[138],"due":[139,151],"implementation":[142],"Natural":[145],"Forest":[146],"Protection":[147],"Project":[148],"(NFPP).":[149],"However,":[150],"relative":[154],"lack":[155],"factor":[158],"inputs,":[159],"most":[160],"scale":[162],"returns":[163],"are":[164],"now":[165],"increasing.":[166],"In":[167],"future,":[169],"efforts":[170],"should":[171],"be":[172],"made":[173],"promote":[175],"reforms":[177],"take":[179],"path":[181],"large-scale":[183],"development.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2018-08-03T00:00:00"}