{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883723920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000675","title":"Is sex ratio at birth an appropriate measure of prenatal sex selection? Findings of a theoretical model and its application to India","display_name":"Is sex ratio at birth an appropriate measure of prenatal sex selection? Findings of a theoretical model and its application to India","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883723920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000675","mag":"2883723920","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30057794","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6058172"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000675","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000675","pdf_url":"https://gh.bmj.com/content/bmjgh/3/4/e000675.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764928273","display_name":"BMJ Global Health","issn_l":"2059-7908","issn":["2059-7908"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Global Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://gh.bmj.com/content/bmjgh/3/4/e000675.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072713548","display_name":"Sylvie Dubuc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2622-6169","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2622-6169"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sylvie Dubuc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Reading, Reading, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Reading, Reading, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045324461","display_name":"Devinderjit Singh Sivia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Devinderjit Singh Sivia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saint John\u2019s College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saint John\u2019s College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072713548"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3679},"apc_paid":{"value":4114,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4436},"fwci":2.792,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90699758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"e000675","last_page":"e000675"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12728","display_name":"Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12728","display_name":"Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13332","display_name":"Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-ratio-at-birth","display_name":"sex ratio at birth","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prenatal-sex-selection","display_name":"prenatal sex selection","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/son-preference","display_name":"son preference","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertility-decline","display_name":"fertility decline","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-size","display_name":"family size","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birth-order","display_name":"birth order","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/india","display_name":"India","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punjab","display_name":"Punjab","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delhi","display_name":"Delhi","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rajasthan","display_name":"Rajasthan","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uttar-pradesh","display_name":"Uttar Pradesh","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776832483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q873308","display_name":"Sex selection","level":2,"score":0.6945086717605591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5940157175064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57520943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068155","display_name":"Sex ratio","level":3,"score":0.5671131610870361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5452837944030762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.36686086654663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.36510998010635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.29822084307670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.21606019139289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20731768012046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.15498286485671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.10776123404502869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.07729533314704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000675","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000675","pdf_url":"https://gh.bmj.com/content/bmjgh/3/4/e000675.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764928273","display_name":"BMJ Global Health","issn_l":"2059-7908","issn":["2059-7908"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Global Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5014156","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6058172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6058172","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6058172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Glob Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:30057794","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30057794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ global health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:centaur.reading.ac.uk:77443","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/77443/1/submitted%20PDF%207%20May%2018.pdf","pdf_url":"https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/77443/9/e000675.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402273","display_name":"CentAUR (University of Reading)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","host_organization_name":"University of Reading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000675","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000675","pdf_url":"https://gh.bmj.com/content/bmjgh/3/4/e000675.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764928273","display_name":"BMJ Global Health","issn_l":"2059-7908","issn":["2059-7908"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Global Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4074000120162964},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4043000042438507}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5737069874","display_name":"Son preference and sex selection against females in the UK: Evidence, causes, trends and implications","funder_award_id":"ES/N01877X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7412651336","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES/N01877X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319997","display_name":"Nuffield Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0281jqk77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320290","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2883723920.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2883723920.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497625654","https://openalex.org/W1579203633","https://openalex.org/W1579617198","https://openalex.org/W1626792935","https://openalex.org/W1674896560","https://openalex.org/W1690185809","https://openalex.org/W1920974478","https://openalex.org/W1965283229","https://openalex.org/W1967651727","https://openalex.org/W1968462380","https://openalex.org/W1969182143","https://openalex.org/W1970962112","https://openalex.org/W1973425405","https://openalex.org/W1982182641","https://openalex.org/W1987333601","https://openalex.org/W2004499445","https://openalex.org/W2008569034","https://openalex.org/W2017990890","https://openalex.org/W2039373143","https://openalex.org/W2043387591","https://openalex.org/W2043906799","https://openalex.org/W2046295020","https://openalex.org/W2057357369","https://openalex.org/W2058483567","https://openalex.org/W2074655452","https://openalex.org/W2078703033","https://openalex.org/W2099051375","https://openalex.org/W2101147923","https://openalex.org/W2104071027","https://openalex.org/W2104073841","https://openalex.org/W2114131482","https://openalex.org/W2116894238","https://openalex.org/W2123292394","https://openalex.org/W2124148838","https://openalex.org/W2136648300","https://openalex.org/W2139106919","https://openalex.org/W2147178406","https://openalex.org/W2249723975","https://openalex.org/W2274224240","https://openalex.org/W2320720455","https://openalex.org/W2519045348","https://openalex.org/W2552766914","https://openalex.org/W2794062870","https://openalex.org/W2897397449","https://openalex.org/W3122231766","https://openalex.org/W3191233046","https://openalex.org/W3214500537","https://openalex.org/W6694531771"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134905741","https://openalex.org/W2900536492","https://openalex.org/W7095312599","https://openalex.org/W2272778423","https://openalex.org/W2155621679","https://openalex.org/W1593586622","https://openalex.org/W7168189615","https://openalex.org/W2272174282","https://openalex.org/W7123363398","https://openalex.org/W2992896165"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Son":[0],"preference":[1],"and":[2,26,39,56,77,86,164,186],"prenatal":[3,42,224],"sex":[4,12,43,54,102,143,153,168,181,225],"selection":[5,44,55,103,144,154,169,182,226],"against":[6,45],"females":[7],"have":[8],"resulted":[9],"in":[10,20,127,142,184,191,201,211,218],"significant":[11],"ratio":[13],"at":[14],"birth":[15,84],"(SRB)":[16],"imbalances":[17],"well":[18],"documented":[19],"several":[21],"Asian":[22],"countries,":[23],"including":[24],"India":[25],"China.":[27],"The":[28],"SRB":[29,58,91,96,125,135,199,213],"bias":[30,97,136,200],"is":[31],"generally":[32],"used":[33],"as":[34],"indicator":[35,139],"for":[36,67,140,178],"the":[37,65,108,111,130,202,212,215],"extent":[38],"trends":[40],"of":[41,110,121,157],"females.":[46],"Decreasing":[47],"fertility":[48,112,122,131],"levels":[49],"are":[50],"expected":[51],"to":[52,69,129,151,160,175],"increase":[53,99,210],"thus":[57],"bias,":[59,126],"since":[60],"desiring":[61],"fewer":[62,101],"children":[63],"increases":[64],"risk":[66],"families":[68],"remain":[70],"sonless":[71],"(fertility":[72],"squeeze":[73,113,132],"effect).":[74],"We":[75,93,115,149,171],"developed":[76],"employ":[78],"mathematical":[79],"models":[80],"linking":[81],"family":[82],"size,":[83],"order":[85],"childbearing":[87],"strategies":[88],"with":[89,107],"population":[90],"bias.":[92],"show":[94,116],"that":[95,117,180,223,231],"can":[98],"despite":[100,196],"interventions":[104],"occurring,":[105],"inconsistent":[106],"expectation":[109],"effect.":[114],"a":[118,147,207],"disproportionality":[119],"effect":[120],"reduction":[123],"amplifies":[124],"addition":[128],"effect,":[133],"making":[134],"an":[137],"inaccurate":[138],"changes":[141],"practices":[145],"within":[146],"population.":[148],"propose":[150],"use":[152],"propensity":[155,183,227],"(proportion":[156],"couples":[158],"intervening)":[159],"measure":[161],"behavioural":[162],"change":[163],"evaluate":[165],"policies":[166],"targeting":[167],"practices.":[170],"apply":[172],"our":[173,220],"findings":[174],"India,":[176,219],"showing":[177],"instance":[179],"Punjab":[185],"Delhi":[187],"was":[188],"lower":[189],"than":[190],"Rajasthan":[192],"or":[193],"Uttar":[194],"Pradesh,":[195],"significantly":[197],"higher":[198],"former.":[203],"While":[204],"we":[205],"observe":[206],"continuous":[208],"overall":[209],"over":[214],"2005-2010":[216],"period":[217],"results":[221],"indicate":[222],"started":[228],"declining":[229],"during":[230],"period.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2018-08-03T00:00:00"}