{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883365205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000203971805300102","title":"Democratic Ruptures and Electoral Outcomes in Africa: Ghana's 2016 Election","display_name":"Democratic Ruptures and Electoral Outcomes in Africa: Ghana's 2016 Election","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883365205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000203971805300102","mag":"2883365205"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/000203971805300102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000203971805300102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000203971805300102","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/000203971805300102","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84895730","display_name":"Africa Spectrum","issn_l":"0002-0397","issn":["0002-0397","1868-6869"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Africa Spectrum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/000203971805300102","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081027376","display_name":"George M. Bob-Milliar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7374-1369","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7374-1369"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28046988","display_name":"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb23x68","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28046988"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George M. Bob-Milliar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of History and Political Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of History and Political Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28046988"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017690788","display_name":"Jeffrey W. Paller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6983-065X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6983-065X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76766440","display_name":"University of San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/029m7xn54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76766440"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey W. Paller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Politics at the University of San Francisco, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Politics at the University of San Francisco, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76766440"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017690788","https://openalex.org/A5081027376"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28046988","https://openalex.org/I76766440"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":27.2496,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99344588,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"1","first_page":"5","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.4629000127315521,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.4629000127315521,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13162","display_name":"African Studies and Ethnography","score":0.32589998841285706,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.17880000174045563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electoral-democracy","display_name":"electoral democracy","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electoral-reform","display_name":"electoral reform","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-participation","display_name":"citizen participation","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratization","display_name":"democratization","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constitutional-crisis","display_name":"constitutional crisis","score":0.41600000858306885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192852","display_name":"Opposition (politics)","level":3,"score":0.8681843280792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.7997201681137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17058734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064441","display_name":"Democratization","level":4,"score":0.7023382782936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.6715214848518372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779220109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50000","display_name":"Victory","level":3,"score":0.6533113718032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5762637257575989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197487636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49892","display_name":"Presidential system","level":3,"score":0.5660609006881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776129789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858439","display_name":"Presidential election","level":3,"score":0.5431808829307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5212957859039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.4993424415588379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59742305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076105","display_name":"General election","level":3,"score":0.46117058396339417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3372693955898285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.3331175148487091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.30341991782188416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.29280680418014526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.24024680256843567}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/000203971805300102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000203971805300102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000203971805300102","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/000203971805300102","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84895730","display_name":"Africa Spectrum","issn_l":"0002-0397","issn":["0002-0397","1868-6869"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Africa Spectrum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gesis.izsoz.de:document/57841","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/giga/files/journals/1/articles/1112/public/1112-1150-1-PB.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401996","display_name":"Social Science Open Access Repository (GESIS \u2013 Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210101898","host_organization_name":"GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"5-35","raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de.giga:article/1112","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/giga/afsp/article/view/1112","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Africa Spectrum; Vol 53, No 1 (2018); 5-35","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/000203971805300102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000203971805300102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000203971805300102","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/000203971805300102","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84895730","display_name":"Africa Spectrum","issn_l":"0002-0397","issn":["0002-0397","1868-6869"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Africa Spectrum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2883365205.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W571969724","https://openalex.org/W597019591","https://openalex.org/W812475055","https://openalex.org/W1508869923","https://openalex.org/W1533369859","https://openalex.org/W2007121341","https://openalex.org/W2020147058","https://openalex.org/W2021666484","https://openalex.org/W2031040111","https://openalex.org/W2032053801","https://openalex.org/W2040334572","https://openalex.org/W2040539890","https://openalex.org/W2049415940","https://openalex.org/W2076391975","https://openalex.org/W2083757055","https://openalex.org/W2107861702","https://openalex.org/W2111027827","https://openalex.org/W2116251674","https://openalex.org/W2128209297","https://openalex.org/W2154255557","https://openalex.org/W2164784619","https://openalex.org/W2171890140","https://openalex.org/W2174162288","https://openalex.org/W2283446654","https://openalex.org/W2313330686","https://openalex.org/W2321967393","https://openalex.org/W2474762161","https://openalex.org/W2548727582","https://openalex.org/W2733300017","https://openalex.org/W2770602643","https://openalex.org/W2787254880","https://openalex.org/W2945337330","https://openalex.org/W2945690696","https://openalex.org/W3045025511","https://openalex.org/W3161872293","https://openalex.org/W4242136502","https://openalex.org/W4250281849","https://openalex.org/W4298364222","https://openalex.org/W4319782431"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7000727621","https://openalex.org/W4236920727","https://openalex.org/W2300313861","https://openalex.org/W2047572274","https://openalex.org/W2045054617","https://openalex.org/W4284897957","https://openalex.org/W1617217387","https://openalex.org/W2974661652","https://openalex.org/W2323147122","https://openalex.org/W3003321424"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Repetitive":[0],"elections":[1,18,42],"are":[2],"important":[3,28],"benchmarks":[4],"for":[5,66,119],"assessing":[6],"the":[7,14,37,45,77,84,98,112,131,142,156],"maturity":[8],"of":[9,57,61,79,155],"Africa's":[10],"electoral":[11,113,120,132],"democracies.":[12],"Yet":[13],"processes":[15],"through":[16],"which":[17],"entrench":[19],"a":[20,31,49,54,92,152],"democratic":[21,32,93,160],"culture":[22],"remain":[23],"understudied.":[24],"We":[25],"introduce":[26],"an":[27,34],"mechanism":[29],"called":[30],"rupture:":[33],"infraction":[35],"in":[36,101,111,163],"democratisation":[38],"process":[39],"during":[40],"competitive":[41],"that":[43,139,158],"has":[44],"potential":[46],"to":[47,71,97,117,125],"cause":[48],"constitutional":[50],"crisis.":[51],"It":[52],"provides":[53,151],"new":[55],"avenue":[56],"citizen":[58],"participation":[59],"outside":[60],"voting,":[62],"and":[63,70,115],"political":[64,105,137],"space":[65],"opposition":[67,166],"party":[68],"realignment":[69],"strengthen":[72],"its":[73,104],"support.":[74],"Drawing":[75],"from":[76],"case":[78],"Ghana,":[80],"we":[81],"show":[82],"how":[83],"2012":[85],"presidential":[86],"election":[87],"petition":[88],"challenge":[89],"served":[90],"as":[91],"rupture":[94],"by":[95],"contributing":[96],"opposition's":[99],"victory":[100],"2016,":[102],"enabling":[103],"development.":[106],"First,":[107],"it":[108,123,135],"exposed":[109],"flaws":[110],"system":[114],"led":[116,124],"demands":[118],"reforms.":[121],"Second,":[122],"citizens":[126],"being":[127],"better":[128],"educated":[129],"on":[130],"process.":[133],"Third,":[134],"taught":[136],"parties":[138,167],"vigilance":[140],"at":[141],"polling":[143],"stations":[144],"can":[145],"help":[146],"win":[147],"elections.":[148],"The":[149],"article":[150],"critical":[153],"analysis":[154],"factors":[157],"shape":[159],"development,":[161],"especially":[162],"cases":[164],"where":[165],"defeat":[168],"incumbent":[169],"politicians.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2018-08-03T00:00:00"}