{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883346147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020863","title":"Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics for chronic kidney disease: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis","display_name":"Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics for chronic kidney disease: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883346147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020863","mag":"2883346147","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30056379","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6067341"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020863","pdf_url":"https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/8/7/e020863.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79054089","display_name":"BMJ Open","issn_l":"2044-6055","issn":["2044-6055"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/8/7/e020863.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ming Pei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130148","display_name":"First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02fsmcz03","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130148"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130148"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026248870","display_name":"Lijuan Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2952-5244","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2952-5244"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12411659","display_name":"Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05dfcz246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12411659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijuan Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12411659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089547444","display_name":"Shouci Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4392-5882","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4392-5882"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12411659","display_name":"Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05dfcz246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12411659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shouci Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12411659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100684998","display_name":"Bo Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0680-1469","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0680-1469"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130148","display_name":"First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02fsmcz03","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130148"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130148"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010004407","display_name":"Jinhua Si","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8107-5586","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8107-5586"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12411659","display_name":"Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05dfcz246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12411659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhua Si","raw_affiliation_strings":["Library, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Library, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12411659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012497905","display_name":"Hongtao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6515-3700","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6515-3700","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9655-3712"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130148","display_name":"First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02fsmcz03","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130148"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongtao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130148"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100629943","display_name":"Jingbo Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8793-3628","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8793-3628"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12411659","display_name":"Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05dfcz246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12411659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingbo Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12411659"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012497905","https://openalex.org/A5100629943"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12411659","https://openalex.org/I4210130148"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1839},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1839},"fwci":0.1007,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16450216,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"7","first_page":"e020863","last_page":"e020863"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10141","display_name":"Probiotics and Fermented Foods","score":0.6812000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10141","display_name":"Probiotics and Fermented Foods","score":0.6812000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10291","display_name":"Dialysis and Renal Disease Management","score":0.27390000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probiotics","display_name":"probiotics","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prebiotics","display_name":"prebiotics","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synbiotics","display_name":"synbiotics","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-kidney-disease","display_name":"chronic kidney disease","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uremic-toxins","display_name":"uremic toxins","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-function","display_name":"renal function","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-events","display_name":"cardiovascular events","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-stage-kidney-disease-progression","display_name":"end-stage kidney disease progression","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastrointestinal-function","display_name":"gastrointestinal function","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-life","display_name":"quality of life","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-dialysis-patients","display_name":"non-dialysis patients","score":0.7059999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9146596193313599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.6187642216682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779337445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2375654","display_name":"Synbiotics","level":4,"score":0.5742133855819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.5706383585929871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.5491797924041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.5305837988853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.48841041326522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.4598901867866516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.44109949469566345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.39575114846229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780255968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1816730","display_name":"Probiotic","level":3,"score":0.12240350246429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000078202","descriptor_name":"Systematic Reviews as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015201","descriptor_name":"Meta-Analysis as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019587","descriptor_name":"Dietary Supplements","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019936","descriptor_name":"Probiotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051436","descriptor_name":"Renal Insufficiency, Chronic","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056692","descriptor_name":"Prebiotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058616","descriptor_name":"Synbiotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020863","pdf_url":"https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/8/7/e020863.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79054089","display_name":"BMJ Open","issn_l":"2044-6055","issn":["2044-6055"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5023438","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6067341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6067341","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6067341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:30056379","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30056379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ open","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:bmjopen:8/7/e020863","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bmjopen.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/8/7/e020863","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020863","pdf_url":"https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/8/7/e020863.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79054089","display_name":"BMJ Open","issn_l":"2044-6055","issn":["2044-6055"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/study-protocol","display_name":"Study Protocol"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2183709932","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81673909","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3816090402","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81703860","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5341384426","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 15ZXLCSY00020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336756","funder_display_name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8634880593","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"15ZXLCSY00020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336756","display_name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2883346147.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2883346147.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W862343047","https://openalex.org/W1586551630","https://openalex.org/W1982582942","https://openalex.org/W2042999080","https://openalex.org/W2074027560","https://openalex.org/W2074847143","https://openalex.org/W2098944337","https://openalex.org/W2104675861","https://openalex.org/W2113760558","https://openalex.org/W2126908198","https://openalex.org/W2159488711","https://openalex.org/W2164249826","https://openalex.org/W2169205464","https://openalex.org/W2170947953","https://openalex.org/W2243040103","https://openalex.org/W2467227824","https://openalex.org/W2513831181","https://openalex.org/W2588681363","https://openalex.org/W2601515242","https://openalex.org/W2604845327","https://openalex.org/W2610434756","https://openalex.org/W2615360142","https://openalex.org/W2622690395","https://openalex.org/W2747962332","https://openalex.org/W2777416473","https://openalex.org/W2916841405","https://openalex.org/W4229508150","https://openalex.org/W4236321941","https://openalex.org/W4237022638","https://openalex.org/W4240056222","https://openalex.org/W4252716152"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387865744","https://openalex.org/W4401368310","https://openalex.org/W2897354087","https://openalex.org/W7056279823","https://openalex.org/W7152062567","https://openalex.org/W3020260072","https://openalex.org/W4405654446","https://openalex.org/W4415426674","https://openalex.org/W3127146324","https://openalex.org/W4296527397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"There":[1],"is":[2,25,33,200],"a":[3,20,218],"growing":[4],"interest":[5],"in":[6,217],"probiotic,":[7],"prebiotic":[8],"and":[9,23,38,43,86,108,163,191,222],"synbiotic":[10],"supplements":[11],"for":[12,45,178],"patients":[13,50],"with":[14,51],"chronic":[15],"kidney":[16,144,156],"disease":[17],"(CKD).":[18],"However,":[19],"systematic":[21,215],"review":[22,216],"evaluation":[24],"lacking.":[26],"The":[27,116,134,174],"purpose":[28],"of":[29,40,81,91,118,120,131,159,176,187],"the":[30,36,87,104,128,185,223],"present":[31],"study":[32,123],"to":[34,63,74,78,84,103,154],"assess":[35],"efficacy":[37],"safety":[39],"probiotics,":[41],"prebiotics":[42],"synbiotics":[44],"non-dialysis":[46],"or":[47],"non-renal":[48],"transplant":[49],"CKD.":[52],"METHODS":[53],"AND":[54,195],"ANALYSIS:":[55],"An":[56],"extensive":[57],"literature":[58],"search":[59],"will":[60,100,113,124,167,181,206,210,226],"be":[61,101,114,125,168,182,207,227],"undertaken":[62],"identify":[64],"potentially":[65],"eligible":[66],"studies":[67],"from":[68,213],"electronic":[69],"databases":[70],"including":[71],"PubMed":[72],"(1946":[73],"present),":[75,79],"EMBASE":[76],"(1974":[77],"Web":[80],"Science":[82],"(1900":[83],"present)":[85],"Cochrane":[88,129],"Central":[89],"Register":[90],"Controlled":[92],"Trials":[93],"(CENTRAL,":[94],"all":[95],"years).":[96],"No":[97,197],"language":[98],"restriction":[99],"applied":[102],"search.":[105],"Both":[106],"parallel":[107],"crossover":[109],"randomised":[110],"controlled":[111],"trials":[112],"included.":[115],"risk":[117],"bias":[119],"each":[121,179],"included":[122],"assessed":[126,183],"using":[127,170,184],"Risk":[130],"Bias":[132],"Tool.":[133],"primary":[135,204],"outcome":[136,180],"measures":[137],"are":[138],"uraemic":[139],"toxins.":[140],"Secondary":[141],"outcomes":[142],"include":[143],"function,":[145],"adverse":[146,164],"cardiovascular":[147],"events,":[148],"all-cause":[149],"mortality,":[150],"cause-specific":[151],"death,":[152],"progression":[153],"end-stage":[155],"disease,":[157],"quality":[158,175],"life,":[160],"gastrointestinal":[161],"function":[162],"events.":[165],"Data":[166],"synthesised":[169],"appropriate":[171],"statistical":[172],"methods.":[173],"evidence":[177],"Grading":[186],"Recommendations":[188],"Assessment,":[189],"Development":[190],"Evaluation":[192],"approach.":[193],"ETHICS":[194],"DISSEMINATION:":[196],"ethical":[198],"approval":[199],"required":[201],"as":[202],"no":[203],"data":[205,224],"collected.":[208],"We":[209],"publish":[211],"findings":[212],"this":[214],"peer-reviewed":[219],"scientific":[220],"journal,":[221],"set":[225],"made":[228],"freely":[229],"available.":[230],"PROSPERO":[231],"REGISTRATION":[232],"NUMBER:":[233],"CRD42017079177.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2018-08-03T00:00:00"}