{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883095142","doi":null,"title":"Association between early life malnutrition and the size of lumbar spinal canal among adults of coastal region, Kenya","display_name":"Association between early life malnutrition and the size of lumbar spinal canal among adults of coastal region, Kenya","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883095142","mag":"2883095142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2883095142","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/eaoj/article/download/172834/162247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764676297","display_name":"East African Orthopaedic Journal","issn_l":"1994-1072","issn":["1994-1072"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"East African Orthopaedic Journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/eaoj/article/download/172834/162247","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087822495","display_name":"J.M. Muthuuri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.M. Muthuuri","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022805140","display_name":"Eliab Seroney Some","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7179-3480","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7179-3480"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eliab Some","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7179-3480","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Patrick Chege","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7203-3678","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7203-3678"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Chege","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7203-3678","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11198547,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"33","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.8330000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.8330000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.09380000084638596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11629","display_name":"Birth, Development, and Health","score":0.03590000048279762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-life-malnutrition","display_name":"early-life malnutrition","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-low-back-pain","display_name":"chronic low back pain","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sciatica","display_name":"sciatica","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-canal-cross-sectional-area","display_name":"spinal canal cross-sectional area","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenyan-coast","display_name":"coastal Kenya","score":0.5289999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.77054762840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551997983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12167","display_name":"Malnutrition","level":2,"score":0.7021743655204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.6589080095291138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44575665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1293405","display_name":"Lumbar","level":2,"score":0.6096639633178711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779326565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781983","display_name":"Spinal canal","level":3,"score":0.5764956474304199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318","display_name":"Etiology","level":2,"score":0.5112602710723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7146039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3624375","display_name":"Lumbosacral joint","level":2,"score":0.4875158965587616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.45150482654571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3295750617980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3210730254650116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3154708743095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2898643910884857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.23368367552757263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780775167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9606","display_name":"Spinal cord","level":2,"score":0.17552414536476135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.16429096460342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2883095142","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/eaoj/article/download/172834/162247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764676297","display_name":"East African Orthopaedic Journal","issn_l":"1994-1072","issn":["1994-1072"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"East African Orthopaedic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2883095142","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/eaoj/article/download/172834/162247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764676297","display_name":"East African Orthopaedic Journal","issn_l":"1994-1072","issn":["1994-1072"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"East African Orthopaedic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.40450000762939453,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W92504423","https://openalex.org/W1886758106","https://openalex.org/W1975961740","https://openalex.org/W1995944295","https://openalex.org/W2022770415","https://openalex.org/W2167810128","https://openalex.org/W2553398175","https://openalex.org/W2768276040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2962931168","https://openalex.org/W2050425860","https://openalex.org/W3165671487","https://openalex.org/W1894895574","https://openalex.org/W2986355163","https://openalex.org/W1966115418","https://openalex.org/W7096586600","https://openalex.org/W2070211048","https://openalex.org/W4402930229","https://openalex.org/W4402985209"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],":":[1,36,82,153,266,322],"The":[2,90,128,136,154,267,294],"aetiology":[3,24],"of":[4,15,22,48,112,115,124,159,165,174,189,275,288],"chronic":[5],"low":[6],"back":[7,332],"pain":[8],"is":[9,284],"largely":[10],"unknown.":[11],"A":[12,52],"high":[13,272],"prevalence":[14,158,173,188,273,287],"developmentally":[16,312],"narrow":[17,313],"canals":[18],"may":[19,307],"explain":[20],"some":[21],"the":[23,26,39,46,113,116,125,143,148,157,162,172,237,257,280],"or":[25,121],"accompanying":[27],"nervous":[28],"tissue":[29],"compression":[30],"that":[31],"often":[32],"accompany.":[33],"Objective":[35],"To":[37],"determine":[38],"relationship":[40,53,235,255,301],"between":[41,54,206,236,302],"early":[42,55],"life":[43,56],"malnutrition":[44,57],"and":[45,58,69,78,105,138,147,171,210,223,250,277,304],"development":[47,71],"lumbar":[49],"spinal":[50,117,327],"canal.":[51],"developmental":[59],"narrowing":[60],"would":[61],"indirectly":[62],"incriminate":[63],"such":[64],"predictors":[65],"as":[66],"poverty,":[67],"aridity":[68],"human":[70],"which":[72,109],"can":[73],"be":[74,169,309],"reduced":[75],"by":[76],"policy":[77],"strategy.":[79],"Methods":[81],"This":[83],"was":[84,132,230],"an":[85],"observational":[86],"cross":[87,129,217,243],"sectional":[88,130,218,244],"survey.":[89],"participants":[91],"were":[92,107,140,200],"screened":[93],"for":[94,134,311],"Early":[95],"Life":[96],"Malnutrition":[97],"(ELM)":[98],"using":[99],"a":[100,186,231,251,271,285,297],"semi-structured":[101],"questionnaire.":[102],"Various":[103],"observations":[104],"measurements":[106],"made":[108],"included":[110],"measurement":[111],"dimensions":[114],"canal":[118,238,258,328],"on":[119],"MRI":[120],"CT":[122],"scans":[123],"lumbosacral":[126],"spine.":[127],"area":[131,219,245],"used":[133],"determination.":[135],"frequencies":[137],"means":[139,205],"compared":[141],"in":[142,161,202,224,279,290],"group":[144],"with":[145,183,208,256,292],"ELM":[146,160,184,209,276,303,306],"one":[149],"without.":[150],"Results":[152],"results":[155],"showed":[156],"adult":[163],"population":[164],"coastal":[166],"Kenya":[167],"to":[168],"29%":[170],"Developmental":[175,324],"Lumbar":[176,326],"Spinal":[177],"Canal":[178],"Stenosis":[179],"(DLSS)":[180],"was16%.":[181],"Those":[182],"had":[185],"higher":[187,286],"DLSS":[190,203,278,289],"(20%)":[191],"than":[192],"those":[193,207,211,291],"without":[194],"(14%),":[195],"p":[196],"=":[197,215,221,227,248,262],"0.003.":[198],"There":[199,229,283],"differences":[201],"dimensional":[204],"without,":[212],"depth":[213,239],"(P":[214,220,226],"0.046),":[216],"0.042),":[222],"width":[225,259],"0.176).":[228],"strong":[232,298],"negative":[233,253,299],"linear":[234,254,300],"(APD),":[240],"r":[241,247,261],"=-0.68,":[242],"(CSA),":[246],"-0.65,":[249],"moderate":[252],"(TRD),":[260],"-0.50.":[263],"Conclusions":[265],"present":[268],"study":[269,281],"shows":[270,296],"rate":[274],"population.":[282],"ELM.":[293],"two":[295],"DLSS.":[305],"partly":[308],"responsible":[310],"canals.":[314],"Key":[320],"words":[321],"Early-life-malnutrition,":[323],"narrowing,":[325],"stenosis,":[329],"Prevalence,":[330],"Low":[331],"pain,":[333],"Sciatica":[334]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2018-08-03T00:00:00"}
