{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2819882284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000607","title":"Are we attracted by losses? Boundary conditions for the approach and avoidance effects of losses.","display_name":"Are we attracted by losses? Boundary conditions for the approach and avoidance effects of losses.","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2819882284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000607","mag":"2819882284","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/xlm0000607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000607","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18666220","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition","issn_l":"0278-7393","issn":["0278-7393","1939-1285"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070038160","display_name":"Eldad Yechiam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0389-2131","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0389-2131"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eldad Yechiam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Wertheimer Minerva Center for Cognitive Studies","Max Wertheimer Minerva Center for Cognitive Studies, Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Wertheimer Minerva Center for Cognitive Studies","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Wertheimer Minerva Center for Cognitive Studies, Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058027159","display_name":"Nathaniel J. S. Ashby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3333-7617","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3333-7617"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathaniel J. S. Ashby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Wertheimer Minerva Center for Cognitive Studies","Max Wertheimer Minerva Center for Cognitive Studies, Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Wertheimer Minerva Center for Cognitive Studies","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Wertheimer Minerva Center for Cognitive Studies, Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040158142","display_name":"Guy Hochman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7486-8265","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7486-8265"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138898306","display_name":"Reichman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01px5cv07","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guy Hochman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology","Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6244,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69656833,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"4","first_page":"591","last_page":"605"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loss","display_name":"loss","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approach-behavior","display_name":"approach behavior","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avoidance-behavior","display_name":"avoidance behavior","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gains-and-losses","display_name":"gain and loss","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary-conditions","display_name":"boundary conditions","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vicarious-experience","display_name":"vicarious experience","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-optimization","display_name":"local optimization","score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-making","display_name":"decision-making","score":0.5}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5542226","display_name":"PsycINFO","level":3,"score":0.6378619074821472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.533827543258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.49139562249183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.4697727560997009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.451874703168869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45008108019828796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.365923672914505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.34486281871795654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17740648984909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.10177308320999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001362","descriptor_name":"Avoidance Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012201","descriptor_name":"Reward","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/xlm0000607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000607","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18666220","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition","issn_l":"0278-7393","issn":["0278-7393","1939-1285"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29999403","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7982832586","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1821/12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","funder_display_name":"Israel Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","display_name":"Israel Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04sazxf24"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335016","display_name":"Israeli Centers for Research Excellence","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2v9593"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510951751","https://openalex.org/W1522816386","https://openalex.org/W1553373771","https://openalex.org/W1969470176","https://openalex.org/W1976943777","https://openalex.org/W1977518802","https://openalex.org/W1979666437","https://openalex.org/W1986166820","https://openalex.org/W1987611772","https://openalex.org/W2003596378","https://openalex.org/W2006989499","https://openalex.org/W2007361991","https://openalex.org/W2015933937","https://openalex.org/W2016707006","https://openalex.org/W2029654180","https://openalex.org/W2035883433","https://openalex.org/W2041946752","https://openalex.org/W2046145759","https://openalex.org/W2058528333","https://openalex.org/W2060256879","https://openalex.org/W2062131993","https://openalex.org/W2070203783","https://openalex.org/W2075725455","https://openalex.org/W2077611535","https://openalex.org/W2079192739","https://openalex.org/W2087052816","https://openalex.org/W2096348520","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2122028729","https://openalex.org/W2124524612","https://openalex.org/W2126180569","https://openalex.org/W2131417876","https://openalex.org/W2133469585","https://openalex.org/W2144846366","https://openalex.org/W2151171865","https://openalex.org/W2152427206","https://openalex.org/W2152676810","https://openalex.org/W2155167336","https://openalex.org/W2165357065","https://openalex.org/W2319178748","https://openalex.org/W2519571926","https://openalex.org/W2549522992","https://openalex.org/W2592002913","https://openalex.org/W2765812327","https://openalex.org/W3023376117","https://openalex.org/W3122078363"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006989499","https://openalex.org/W4234424283","https://openalex.org/W2947916374","https://openalex.org/W7100109335","https://openalex.org/W1986166820","https://openalex.org/W3210757099","https://openalex.org/W7126333394","https://openalex.org/W7098047582","https://openalex.org/W2075725455","https://openalex.org/W3138447492"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,60],"majority":[1],"of":[2,8,123,134],"the":[3,6,50,93,113,118,143,146],"literature":[4],"on":[5,158],"psychology":[7],"gains":[9],"and":[10,57,79,102,120,126],"losses":[11,14,26,70,97,107,124,138,153],"suggests":[12],"that":[13,25,63,116,152],"lead":[15,29],"to":[16,30,96],"an":[17,31,35,64],"avoidance":[18,58,94,121],"response.":[19],"Several":[20],"studies,":[21],"however,":[22],"have":[23,82],"shown":[24],"can":[27,127,164],"also":[28,99],"approach":[32,56,65,119],"response,":[33],"whereby":[34],"option":[36],"is":[37,98],"selected":[38],"more":[39],"often":[40],"when":[41,69,80,104],"it":[42],"produces":[43],"losses.":[44],"In":[45],"five":[46],"studies":[47],"we":[48],"examine":[49],"boundary":[51],"conditions":[52],"for":[53,130],"these":[54],"contradictory":[55],"effects.":[59],"results":[61],"show":[62],"response":[66,95],"emerges":[67,103],"only":[68],"are":[71,108],"produced":[72],"by":[73,131],"a":[74,161],"highly":[75],"advantageous":[76],"choice":[77],"alternative":[78],"participants":[81],"ample":[83],"unbiased":[84],"direct":[85],"or":[86],"vicarious":[87],"experience":[88],"with":[89,137],"this":[90],"alternative.":[91],"Additionally,":[92,142],"not":[100],"ubiquitous":[101],"alternatives":[105],"producing":[106],"experienced":[109,159],"as":[110],"disadvantageous.":[111],"Thus,":[112],"findings":[114,144],"suggest":[115],"both":[117],"effects":[122],"exist":[125],"be":[128,165],"accounted":[129],"increased":[132],"investment":[133],"cognitive":[135],"resources":[136],"(i.e.,":[139],"loss":[140,147],"attention).":[141],"clarify":[145],"attention":[148],"account":[149],"in":[150],"indicating":[151],"increase":[154],"exploitative":[155],"behavior":[156],"based":[157],"outcomes,":[160],"process":[162],"which":[163],"locally":[166],"optimal.":[167],"(PsycINFO":[168],"Database":[169],"Record":[170],"(c)":[171],"2019":[172],"APA,":[173],"all":[174],"rights":[175],"reserved).":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2018-07-19T00:00:00"}