{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2811135002","doi":null,"title":"Toxic Chemical Release Hazard Distance Determination Using Chemical Exposure Index (CEI) in a Gas Refinery","display_name":"Toxic Chemical Release Hazard Distance Determination Using Chemical Exposure Index (CEI) in a Gas Refinery","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2811135002","mag":"2811135002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f1d1f19a1bb64f129a8d7ee92f8f8f26","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f1d1f19a1bb64f129a8d7ee92f8f8f26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Vol 38, Iss 4, Pp 273-291 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f1d1f19a1bb64f129a8d7ee92f8f8f26","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065200006","display_name":"Morteza Cheraghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7967-7636","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7967-7636"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morteza Cheraghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health, Safety & Environment (HSE), School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, I.R. IRAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health, Safety & Environment (HSE), School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, I.R. IRAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002182464","display_name":"Ali Bagherian-Sahlavani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5707-0232","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5707-0232"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Bagherian-Sahlavani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health, Safety & Environment (HSE), School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, I.R. IRAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health, Safety & Environment (HSE), School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, I.R. IRAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113493019","display_name":"Iraj Mohammad Fam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112312016","display_name":"Hamedan University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02ekfbp48","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112312016"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iraj Mohammad Fam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, I.R. IRAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, I.R. IRAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112312016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3354,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63645256,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13840","display_name":"Chemical Safety and Risk Management","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1504","display_name":"Chemical Health and Safety"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14091","display_name":"Industrial and Mining Safety","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxic-chemical-releases","display_name":"toxic chemical releases","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard-distance","display_name":"hazard distance","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-refinery","display_name":"gas refinery","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/release-scenarios","display_name":"release scenarios","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-safety","display_name":"process safety","score":0.5419999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105168734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1867977","display_name":"Refinery","level":2,"score":0.8112590312957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49261128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455","display_name":"Hazard","level":2,"score":0.6270350217819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.589199423789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776387633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13583713","display_name":"Chemical waste","level":2,"score":0.5762343406677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124223222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2281940","display_name":"Chemical process","level":2,"score":0.5347251892089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20309002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12353044","display_name":"Oil refinery","level":2,"score":0.5193846821784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12404463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207652","display_name":"Chemical industry","level":2,"score":0.5140913128852844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4664553701877594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780465076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069289","display_name":"Chemical safety","level":2,"score":0.46077248454093933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.45619019865989685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992686539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207652","display_name":"Chemical company","level":2,"score":0.44913944602012634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5311032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905286","display_name":"Chemical plant","level":2,"score":0.44248664379119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.4193451404571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.35387423634529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.21994787454605103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13012415170669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.125332772731781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.05604732036590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.05550462007522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126348684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3456979","display_name":"Polymer science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f1d1f19a1bb64f129a8d7ee92f8f8f26","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f1d1f19a1bb64f129a8d7ee92f8f8f26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Vol 38, Iss 4, Pp 273-291 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f1d1f19a1bb64f129a8d7ee92f8f8f26","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f1d1f19a1bb64f129a8d7ee92f8f8f26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Vol 38, Iss 4, Pp 273-291 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968339602","https://openalex.org/W1969461954","https://openalex.org/W2044241347","https://openalex.org/W2154684471","https://openalex.org/W2187780487","https://openalex.org/W2227996081","https://openalex.org/W2289257943","https://openalex.org/W2294526577","https://openalex.org/W2413142185","https://openalex.org/W2507836893","https://openalex.org/W2586641842","https://openalex.org/W2802997113"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294526577","https://openalex.org/W2945471235","https://openalex.org/W1505602100","https://openalex.org/W4239643384","https://openalex.org/W2354833540","https://openalex.org/W7078271862","https://openalex.org/W2586641842","https://openalex.org/W3139964083","https://openalex.org/W152773257","https://openalex.org/W2044241347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Events":[0],"leading":[1],"up":[2],"to":[3,41,119,136],"the":[4,10,16,53,85,96,107,120,123,142,146,149],"release":[5,63],"of":[6,15,19,45,52,88,95,113,122,141],"toxic":[7,47,90,114],"chemicals":[8],"in":[9,29,50,111,126,148],"processing":[11],"plants":[12],"are":[13],"one":[14,51],"main":[17],"hazards":[18],"chemical":[20,48,76,91,115],"industries":[21],"that":[22],"can":[23],"endanger":[24],"employees":[25],"and":[26,67,71,79,145],"also":[27,129],"people":[28],"neighborhood.":[30],"In":[31,84,117],"this":[32,127],"study,":[33],"DOW's":[34],"Chemical":[35],"Exposure":[36],"Index":[37],"(CEI)":[38],"is":[39,99,106],"used":[40],"determine":[42],"hazard":[43,80,93],"distances":[44,81],"possible":[46],"releases":[49],"South":[54],"Pars":[55],"gas":[56],"refineries.":[57],"To":[58],"do":[59],"this,":[60],"318":[61],"considerable":[62],"scenarios":[64],"were":[65,82,132],"identified":[66],"by":[68],"process":[69,137],"parameters":[70],"CEI":[72,124,150],"equations,":[73],"airborne":[74],"quantity,":[75],"exposure":[77],"index":[78],"calculated.":[83],"worst":[86],"case":[87],"a":[89],"release,":[92],"distance":[94],"studied":[97],"refinery":[98],"10000":[100],"meters.":[101],"The":[102],"Sludge":[103],"Catcher":[104],"unit":[105,110],"most":[108],"dangerous":[109],"terms":[112],"release.":[116],"addition":[118],"advantages":[121],"observed":[125,133],"study":[128],"some":[130],"limitations":[131],"including":[134],"sensitivity":[135],"parameters,":[138],"no":[139],"consideration":[140],"material":[143],"inventory":[144],"concentration":[147],"calculations":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T06:10:43.113611","created_date":"2018-07-10T00:00:00"}