{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2810775408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en11071703","title":"Modelling Uncertainty in t-RANS Simulations of Thermally Stratified Forest Canopy Flows for Wind Energy Studies","display_name":"Modelling Uncertainty in t-RANS Simulations of Thermally Stratified Forest Canopy Flows for Wind Energy Studies","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2810775408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en11071703","mag":"2810775408"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en11071703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en11071703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en11071703","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/7/1703/pdf?version=1530417412","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/7/1703/pdf?version=1530417412","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004697023","display_name":"Cian Desmond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8924-2898","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8924-2898"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27577105","display_name":"University College Cork","ror":"https://ror.org/03265fv13","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cian J. Desmond","raw_affiliation_strings":["MaREI, University College Cork, P43 C573 Cork, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8924-2898","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MaREI, University College Cork, P43 C573 Cork, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082308009","display_name":"Simon Jonathan Watson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6694-3149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6694-3149","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-5580"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":["DUWIND, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DUWIND, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011861813","display_name":"Christiane Montavon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118550","display_name":"DNV (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/0295z7538","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188703460","https://openalex.org/I4210118550"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christiane Montavon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy, DNV-GL, Bristol BS2 0PS, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy, DNV-GL, Bristol BS2 0PS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118550"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073308016","display_name":"Jimmy Murphy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9814-1255","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9814-1255"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27577105","display_name":"University College Cork","ror":"https://ror.org/03265fv13","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jimmy Murphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["MaREI, University College Cork, P43 C573 Cork, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MaREI, University College Cork, P43 C573 Cork, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004697023"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.1183,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45248317,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"7","first_page":"1703","last_page":"1703"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11371","display_name":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","score":0.6279000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11371","display_name":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","score":0.6279000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":0.35420000553131104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.006000000052154064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermally-stratified-flow","display_name":"thermally stratified flow","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-energy","display_name":"wind energy","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-stability","display_name":"atmospheric stability","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-modeling","display_name":"uncertainty modeling","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy-height","display_name":"canopy height","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy-density","display_name":"canopy density","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutral-stratification","display_name":"neutral stratification","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stable-stratification","display_name":"stable stratification","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unstable-stratification","display_name":"unstable stratification","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-fluid-dynamics","display_name":"computational fluid dynamics","score":0.5820000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.7749713063240051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32526432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536235","display_name":"Reynolds-averaged Navier\u2013Stokes equations","level":3,"score":0.7283322215080261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.695334792137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1633027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815820","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.6896036863327026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89298926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374640","display_name":"Atmospheric instability","level":3,"score":0.6496278643608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.579224705696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.5672091245651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.5595241785049438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39807119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134228","display_name":"Tree canopy","level":3,"score":0.5238235592842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.4883260428905487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13393347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8424","display_name":"Aerodynamics","level":2,"score":0.4636448919773102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188310180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212903","display_name":"Katabatic wind","level":2,"score":0.43353551626205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.41626590490341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2836449444293976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.23073995113372803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10871493816375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10481855273246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10459601879119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/en11071703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en11071703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en11071703","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/7/1703/pdf?version=1530417412","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:null:10468/6949","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10468/6949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401150","display_name":"Cork Open Research Archive (University College Cork, Ireland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210141138","host_organization_name":"APC Microbiome Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141138"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:http://www.rian.ie/155424/","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10468/6949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400033","display_name":"Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","host_organization_name":"Technological University Dublin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Desmond, C., Watson, S., Montavon, C. and Murphy, J. (2018) 'Modelling uncertainty in t-RANS simulations of thermally stratified forest canopy flows for wind energy studies', Energies, 11(7), 1703 (25pp). doi: 10.3390/en11071703","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:7:p:1703-:d:155501","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/7/1703/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cora.ucc.ie:10468/6949","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10468/6949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401150","display_name":"Cork Open Research Archive (University College Cork, Ireland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210141138","host_organization_name":"APC Microbiome Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141138"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article (peer-reviewed)"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bd9a71e06f834f5e944e9b4e7a4518ca","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bd9a71e06f834f5e944e9b4e7a4518ca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energies, Vol 11, Iss 7, p 1703 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:a856dcec-96ef-40b0-af34-b5a15b508300","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a856dcec-96ef-40b0-af34-b5a15b508300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:tud:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:a856dcec-96ef-40b0-af34-b5a15b508300","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a856dcec-96ef-40b0-af34-b5a15b508300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energies, 11(7)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en11071703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en11071703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en11071703","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/7/1703/pdf?version=1530417412","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5690000057220459,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2810775408.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2810775408.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161895052","https://openalex.org/W178253573","https://openalex.org/W308134381","https://openalex.org/W1553505708","https://openalex.org/W1665985967","https://openalex.org/W1963835298","https://openalex.org/W1966878029","https://openalex.org/W1974097079","https://openalex.org/W1975360462","https://openalex.org/W1975989939","https://openalex.org/W1979625192","https://openalex.org/W1984224922","https://openalex.org/W1989743660","https://openalex.org/W2002044731","https://openalex.org/W2017566433","https://openalex.org/W2070743390","https://openalex.org/W2083614400","https://openalex.org/W2149792166","https://openalex.org/W2159112449","https://openalex.org/W2482388642","https://openalex.org/W2499131024","https://openalex.org/W2524095533","https://openalex.org/W2606030651","https://openalex.org/W2765207070"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748180591","https://openalex.org/W2606030651","https://openalex.org/W4316040028","https://openalex.org/W2979482439","https://openalex.org/W2997978496","https://openalex.org/W2524095533","https://openalex.org/W2765207070","https://openalex.org/W6924739844","https://openalex.org/W7000339165","https://openalex.org/W1971428417"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,62],"flow":[1],"over":[2],"densely":[3],"forested":[4],"terrain":[5],"under":[6],"neutral":[7,40],"and":[8,41,74,79],"non-neutral":[9],"conditions":[10],"is":[11,33,77,81,86],"considered":[12],"using":[13,49],"commercially":[14],"available":[15],"computational":[16],"fluid":[17],"dynamics":[18],"(CFD)":[19],"software.":[20],"Results":[21],"are":[22],"validated":[23],"against":[24],"data":[25],"from":[26],"a":[27],"site":[28],"in":[29],"Northeastern":[30],"France.":[31],"It":[32],"shown":[34,82],"that":[35,83],"the":[36,52,65,87,94],"effects":[37],"of":[38,51,64,90],"both":[39],"stable":[42],"atmospheric":[43,84],"stratifications":[44,57],"can":[45],"be":[46],"modelled":[47],"numerically":[48],"state":[50],"art":[53],"methodologies":[54],"whilst":[55],"unstable":[56],"will":[58],"require":[59],"further":[60],"consideration.":[61],"sensitivity":[63],"numerical":[66],"model":[67],"to":[68],"parameters":[69],"such":[70],"as":[71],"canopy":[72,75],"height":[73],"density":[76],"assessed":[78],"it":[80],"stability":[85],"prevailing":[88],"source":[89],"modelling":[91],"uncertainty":[92],"for":[93],"study.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2018-07-10T00:00:00"}