{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2810690385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0081130000000332","title":"Towards Absolute Time: Guano Archaeology","display_name":"Towards Absolute Time: Guano Archaeology","publication_year":1948,"publication_date":"1948-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2810690385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0081130000000332","mag":"2810690385"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0081130000000332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0081130000000332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0081130000000332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188684","display_name":"Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology","issn_l":"0081-1300","issn":["0081-1300","2330-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066598149","display_name":"George A. Kubler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George Kubler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066598149"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":260.6207,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99920593,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"29","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13595","display_name":"Archaeology and Cultural Heritage","score":0.40310001373291016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13595","display_name":"Archaeology and Cultural Heritage","score":0.40310001373291016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14312","display_name":"Historical Studies in Central America","score":0.14990000426769257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12283","display_name":"Latin American history and culture","score":0.14139999449253082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guano-islands","display_name":"guano islands","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peruvian-archaeology","display_name":"Peruvian archaeology","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratified-deposits","display_name":"stratified deposits","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-recording","display_name":"depth recording","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absolute-chronology","display_name":"absolute chronology","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-columbian-archaeology","display_name":"pre-Columbian archaeology","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/museum-collections","display_name":"museum collections","score":0.574999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157655426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170185","display_name":"Guano","level":2,"score":0.9957579374313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.7137005925178528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780175911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013404","display_name":"CONQUEST","level":2,"score":0.6362597346305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3694066107273102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3528153896331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.21491661667823792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.20744261145591736}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0081130000000332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0081130000000332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0081130000000332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188684","display_name":"Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology","issn_l":"0081-1300","issn":["0081-1300","2330-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.6800000071525574}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3041209130","https://openalex.org/W2788474109","https://openalex.org/W4404445746","https://openalex.org/W2056240460","https://openalex.org/W6979999247","https://openalex.org/W2483938604","https://openalex.org/W2811263911","https://openalex.org/W3196224692","https://openalex.org/W609305297","https://openalex.org/W2275992683"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Peruvian":[1],"records":[2],"indicate":[3],"that":[4],"the":[5,28,34,50],"guano":[6,38],"islands":[7],"(Fig.":[8],"14)":[9],"yielded,":[10],"between":[11],"1826":[12],"and":[13,54,63,84],"1875,":[14],"several":[15,46],"thousand":[16],"artifacts":[17],"of":[18,27,37,41,52,60,67],"pre-Conquest":[19],"origin.":[20],"These":[21],"are":[22,76],"probably":[23],"only":[24],"a":[25,64],"fraction":[26],"archaeological":[29],"material":[30],"actually":[31],"discovered":[32,81],"during":[33],"commercial":[35],"destruction":[36],"caps.":[39],"Most":[40],"it":[42],"has":[43],"been":[44,80],"lost;":[45],"hundred":[47],"specimens":[48],"in":[49],"museums":[51],"Europe":[53],"America":[55],"still":[56],"retain":[57],"some":[58],"record":[59],"their":[61],"origin;":[62],"small":[65],"group":[66],"pieces,":[68],"with":[69],"which":[70],"this":[71],"paper":[72],"is":[73],"principally":[74],"concerned,":[75],"known":[77],"to":[78],"have":[79],"under":[82],"stratified":[83],"depth-recorded":[85],"conditions.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2018-07-10T00:00:00"}
