{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2810398237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.06.009","title":"Doctors, nurses, and the optimal scale size in the Portuguese public hospitals","display_name":"Doctors, nurses, and the optimal scale size in the Portuguese public hospitals","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2810398237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.06.009","mag":"2810398237","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30029802"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.06.009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.06.009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.06.009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209709","display_name":"Health Policy","issn_l":"0168-8510","issn":["0168-8510","1872-6054"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075284791","display_name":"Diogo Cunha Ferreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5418-9337","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5418-9337"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152517","display_name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","ror":"https://ror.org/03db2by73","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Diogo Cunha Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["CESUR, CERis, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: diogo.cunha.ferreira@tecnico.ulisboa.pt","CESUR, CERis, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CESUR, CERis, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: diogo.cunha.ferreira@tecnico.ulisboa.pt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CESUR, CERis, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080165272","display_name":"Alexandre Morais Nunes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6808-7769","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6808-7769"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152517","display_name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","ror":"https://ror.org/03db2by73","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254187","display_name":"Centro de Administra\u00e7\u00e3o e Pol\u00edticas P\u00fablicas","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcb0r47","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4405254187"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandre Morais Nunes","raw_affiliation_strings":["CESUR, CERis, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; CAPP, Instituto Superior de Ci\u00eancias Sociais e Pol\u00edticas, Universidade de Lisboa, R. Almerindo Lessa, Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: alexandre.m.nunes@tecnico.ulisboa.pt","CAPP, Instituto Superior de Ci\u00eancias Sociais e Pol\u00edticas, Universidade de Lisboa, R. Almerindo Lessa, Lisbon, Portugal","CESUR, CERis, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CESUR, CERis, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; CAPP, Instituto Superior de Ci\u00eancias Sociais e Pol\u00edticas, Universidade de Lisboa, R. Almerindo Lessa, Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: alexandre.m.nunes@tecnico.ulisboa.pt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAPP, Instituto Superior de Ci\u00eancias Sociais e Pol\u00edticas, Universidade de Lisboa, R. Almerindo Lessa, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4405254187"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CESUR, CERis, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073391163","display_name":"Rui Cunha Marques","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0344-5200","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0344-5200"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152517","display_name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","ror":"https://ror.org/03db2by73","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Cunha Marques","raw_affiliation_strings":["CESUR, CERis, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: rui.marques@tecnico.ulisboa.pt","CESUR, CERis, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CESUR, CERis, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: rui.marques@tecnico.ulisboa.pt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CESUR, CERis, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075284791"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"],"apc_list":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0956,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87450507,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"122","issue":"10","first_page":"1093","last_page":"1100"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.9301999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.9301999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11990","display_name":"Global Health Workforce Issues","score":0.02319999970495701,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12871","display_name":"Healthcare Quality and Management","score":0.01269999984651804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physicians","display_name":"physicians","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nurses","display_name":"nurses","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-disparities","display_name":"urban-rural disparities","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-productivity","display_name":"hospital productivity","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portuguese-public-hospitals","display_name":"Portuguese public hospitals","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-health-service","display_name":"National Health Service","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/full-time-equivalents","display_name":"full-time equivalents","score":0.6050000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.6538557410240173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6117632389068604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22088475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647974","display_name":"Data envelopment analysis","level":2,"score":0.5662124752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5410020351409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.47090959548950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4649926722049713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29321873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5970087","display_name":"Economies of scale","level":2,"score":0.45775899291038513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4334179162979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.42664653062820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518253","display_name":"Health services research","level":3,"score":0.4210891127586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47344431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519812","display_name":"Health policy","level":3,"score":0.4184664487838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3900117576122284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.37059569358825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.33142396807670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.31525033712387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.19151616096496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.18521368503570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1614082157611847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.13058534264564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09336718916893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003710","descriptor_name":"Demography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006280","descriptor_name":"Health Workforce","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006779","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Public","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008505","descriptor_name":"Medical Staff, Hospital","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009741","descriptor_name":"Nursing Staff, Hospital","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011174","descriptor_name":"Portugal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017598","descriptor_name":"Efficiency, Organizational","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.06.009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.06.009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.06.009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209709","display_name":"Health Policy","issn_l":"0168-8510","issn":["0168-8510","1872-6054"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30029802","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30029802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:hepoli:v:122:y:2018:i:10:p:1093-1100","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168851018301908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7307999730110168},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6452000141143799}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147709926","https://openalex.org/W1631570442","https://openalex.org/W1901533498","https://openalex.org/W1964961794","https://openalex.org/W1965386550","https://openalex.org/W1981665776","https://openalex.org/W1997840501","https://openalex.org/W2002356566","https://openalex.org/W2031668218","https://openalex.org/W2040663822","https://openalex.org/W2053747204","https://openalex.org/W2056182741","https://openalex.org/W2057909365","https://openalex.org/W2067748580","https://openalex.org/W2076452041","https://openalex.org/W2079849797","https://openalex.org/W2110250287","https://openalex.org/W2114504287","https://openalex.org/W2129763896","https://openalex.org/W2136835456","https://openalex.org/W2137753151","https://openalex.org/W2138945711","https://openalex.org/W2147222241","https://openalex.org/W2229943187","https://openalex.org/W2598923643","https://openalex.org/W2759894416","https://openalex.org/W2761960455","https://openalex.org/W2775640528","https://openalex.org/W3022921092","https://openalex.org/W3136173338","https://openalex.org/W4231743109","https://openalex.org/W4252307431","https://openalex.org/W6791302319"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2908890077","https://openalex.org/W3121884958","https://openalex.org/W3188184212","https://openalex.org/W3143812055","https://openalex.org/W40125086","https://openalex.org/W2968299164","https://openalex.org/W3034968035","https://openalex.org/W2890744836","https://openalex.org/W1636107995","https://openalex.org/W3158063194"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-07-10T00:00:00"}
