{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2809973979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3310/phr06080","title":"Health impact, and economic value, of meeting housing quality standards: a retrospective longitudinal data linkage study","display_name":"Health impact, and economic value, of meeting housing quality standards: a retrospective longitudinal data linkage study","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2809973979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3310/phr06080","mag":"2809973979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3310/phr06080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3310/phr06080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3310/phr06080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192240","display_name":"Public Health Research","issn_l":"2050-4381","issn":["2050-4381","2050-439X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311817","host_organization_name":"NIHR Journals Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311817"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["NIHR Journals Library"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Health Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3310/phr06080","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006344207","display_name":"Sarah Rodgers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4483-0845","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4483-0845"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","display_name":"Swansea University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fq8t95","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sarah E Rodgers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4483-0845","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039501118","display_name":"Rowena Bailey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-2045","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-2045"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","display_name":"Swansea University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fq8t95","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rowena Bailey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-2045","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045595769","display_name":"Rhodri David Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9636-0753","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9636-0753"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","display_name":"Swansea University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fq8t95","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rhodri Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9636-0753","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008719595","display_name":"Wouter Poortinga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6926-8545","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6926-8545"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wouter Poortinga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6926-8545","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075295360","display_name":"Robert S. G. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5414-979X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5414-979X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Planning, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5414-979X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Planning, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010845260","display_name":"Damon Mark Berridge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5442-6686","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5442-6686"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","display_name":"Swansea University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fq8t95","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damon Berridge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5442-6686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033559084","display_name":"Pippa Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-2671","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-2671"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","display_name":"Swansea University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fq8t95","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pippa Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swansea Centre for Health Economics, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-2671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swansea Centre for Health Economics, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056554717","display_name":"Ceri J. Phillips","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1076-9289","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1076-9289"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","display_name":"Swansea University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fq8t95","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ceri Phillips","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swansea Centre for Health Economics, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1076-9289","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swansea Centre for Health Economics, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012365324","display_name":"Simon Lannon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4677-7184","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4677-7184"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Lannon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4677-7184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nikki Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4295-5596","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4295-5596"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikki Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4295-5596","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056377500","display_name":"Frank Dunstan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1043-5281","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1043-5281"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank D Dunstan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cochrane Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1043-5281","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cochrane Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102834165","display_name":"Jonathan Morgan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9149-4450","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9149-4450"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802735495","display_name":"Cardiff Council","ror":"https://ror.org/031me7t03","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802735495"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132595","display_name":"Cambridgeshire County Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03dzmbv89","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132595"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Morgan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carmarthenshire County Council, Carmarthen, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9149-4450","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carmarthenshire County Council, Carmarthen, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802735495","https://openalex.org/I4210132595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041041398","display_name":"Sandra Y Evans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7242-0253","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7242-0253"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802735495","display_name":"Cardiff Council","ror":"https://ror.org/031me7t03","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802735495"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132595","display_name":"Cambridgeshire County Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03dzmbv89","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132595"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandra Y Evans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carmarthenshire County Council, Carmarthen, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7242-0253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carmarthenshire County Council, Carmarthen, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802735495","https://openalex.org/I4210132595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014367236","display_name":"Pam Every","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pam Every","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tenant Participation Advisory Services of Wales (TPAS Cymru), Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tenant Participation Advisory Services of Wales (TPAS Cymru), Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086157485","display_name":"Ronan Anthony Lyons","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5225-000X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5225-000X","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5342-987X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","display_name":"Swansea University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fq8t95","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronan A Lyons","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5225-000X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006344207"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7934,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83700205,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"8","first_page":"1","last_page":"104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11336","display_name":"Energy and Environment Impacts","score":0.2808000147342682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11336","display_name":"Energy and Environment Impacts","score":0.2808000147342682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11002","display_name":"Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure","score":0.2531999945640564,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.1875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-quality","display_name":"housing quality","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-quality-standards","display_name":"housing quality standards","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-housing","display_name":"social housing","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-effects","display_name":"health effects","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-utilization","display_name":"health care utilization","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-admissions","display_name":"emergency admissions","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiorespiratory-conditions","display_name":"cardiorespiratory conditions","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injuries","display_name":"injuries","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-diseases","display_name":"respiratory diseases","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-mental-disorders","display_name":"common mental disorders","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulation","display_name":"insulation","score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heating-system-upgrades","display_name":"heating system upgrades","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-consequence-analysis","display_name":"cost-consequence analysis","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-value","display_name":"economic value","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carmarthenshire","display_name":"Carmarthenshire","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-experiment","display_name":"natural experiment","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-linkage","display_name":"data linkage","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-care-prescribing","display_name":"primary care prescribing","score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.42399999499320984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6570342183113098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295316","display_name":"Emergency department","level":2,"score":0.5234317779541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5212641358375549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779028819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865410","display_name":"Minimum Data Set","level":3,"score":0.48108145594596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4498535394668579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.4288775324821472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.4031161069869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.36150676012039185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.32245224714279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.1853795349597931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019398978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837142","display_name":"Nursing homes","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3310/phr06080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3310/phr06080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3310/phr06080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192240","display_name":"Public Health Research","issn_l":"2050-4381","issn":["2050-4381","2050-439X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311817","host_organization_name":"NIHR Journals Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311817"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["NIHR Journals Library"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Health Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:113179","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/113179/1/Rodgers%20et%20al%202018%20Public%20Health%20Research_6_8.pdf","pdf_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/113179/1/Rodgers%20et%20al%202018%20Public%20Health%20Research_6_8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a83233b1d63a42578dd332953c608877","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a83233b1d63a42578dd332953c608877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Public Health Research, Vol 6, Iss 8 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3310/phr06080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3310/phr06080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3310/phr06080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192240","display_name":"Public Health Research","issn_l":"2050-4381","issn":["2050-4381","2050-439X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311817","host_organization_name":"NIHR Journals Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311817"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["NIHR Journals Library"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Health Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.761900007724762},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1134521639","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MR/K006525/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1434366239","display_name":"Centre for Administrative Data Research and Evaluation (CADRE) - an ESRC Administrative Data Research Centre","funder_award_id":"ES/L007444/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2364322865","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RES-590-28-0005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G327358242","display_name":"DECIPHer: Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement","funder_award_id":"MR/K023233/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G401429357","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WT087640MA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4068044438","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"09/3006/02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334782","funder_display_name":"Public Health Research Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5247329269","display_name":"Health impact, and economic value, of meeting housing quality standards","funder_award_id":"09/3006/02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5354679132","display_name":"Centre for Improvement of Population Health through E-health Research (CIPHER)","funder_award_id":"MC_PC_13043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5906047877","display_name":"Administrative Data Research Centres 2018","funder_award_id":"ES/S007393/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6005608486","display_name":"MICA: Centre for the Improvement of Population Health through E-health Research (CIPHER)","funder_award_id":"MR/K006525/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6408902117","display_name":"Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer)","funder_award_id":"ES/G007543/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8061159278","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WT087640MA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311106","display_name":"National Institute for Social Care and Health Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03w4jzj90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312775","display_name":"United Kingdom Clinical Research Collaboration","ror":"https://ror.org/025ecp212"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316111","display_name":"Llywodraeth Cymru","ror":"https://ror.org/000wh6t45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319985","display_name":"Cancer Research UK","ror":"https://ror.org/054225q67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","display_name":"British Heart Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwnk04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319994","display_name":"Department of Health and Social Care","ror":"https://ror.org/03sbpja79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320277","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320350","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320667","display_name":"Swansea University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fq8t95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334782","display_name":"Public Health Research Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336707","display_name":"Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement","ror":"https://ror.org/05jjsxh02"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W157850094","https://openalex.org/W350269534","https://openalex.org/W643326223","https://openalex.org/W753208802","https://openalex.org/W1525161423","https://openalex.org/W1529871228","https://openalex.org/W1575980605","https://openalex.org/W1948422368","https://openalex.org/W1968322713","https://openalex.org/W1969734159","https://openalex.org/W1981183221","https://openalex.org/W1997984386","https://openalex.org/W2018848507","https://openalex.org/W2027808287","https://openalex.org/W2048417497","https://openalex.org/W2055684807","https://openalex.org/W2060363472","https://openalex.org/W2070098127","https://openalex.org/W2072683781","https://openalex.org/W2075400387","https://openalex.org/W2076008204","https://openalex.org/W2092907196","https://openalex.org/W2097230946","https://openalex.org/W2098105393","https://openalex.org/W2099669390","https://openalex.org/W2100558343","https://openalex.org/W2106130024","https://openalex.org/W2108510859","https://openalex.org/W2112599784","https://openalex.org/W2115395090","https://openalex.org/W2116448330","https://openalex.org/W2117414282","https://openalex.org/W2122487785","https://openalex.org/W2122519199","https://openalex.org/W2127598220","https://openalex.org/W2128777757","https://openalex.org/W2138594834","https://openalex.org/W2139540989","https://openalex.org/W2145347679","https://openalex.org/W2145555293","https://openalex.org/W2146630649","https://openalex.org/W2151521528","https://openalex.org/W2154114141","https://openalex.org/W2165251543","https://openalex.org/W2167180880","https://openalex.org/W2168633023","https://openalex.org/W2168702601","https://openalex.org/W2190661266","https://openalex.org/W2208452577","https://openalex.org/W2301478960","https://openalex.org/W2319481164","https://openalex.org/W2335504880","https://openalex.org/W2405804353","https://openalex.org/W2411160041","https://openalex.org/W2422250882","https://openalex.org/W2483104370","https://openalex.org/W2581812668","https://openalex.org/W2585229295","https://openalex.org/W2809393066","https://openalex.org/W3022423927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2757743996","https://openalex.org/W2550028010","https://openalex.org/W2809393066","https://openalex.org/W2605727376","https://openalex.org/W4416106996","https://openalex.org/W2772944821","https://openalex.org/W4235440280","https://openalex.org/W4406011353","https://openalex.org/W2044305335","https://openalex.org/W2626031787"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Poor-quality":[1],"housing":[2,27,40,79,92,240,363,603],"adversely":[3],"affects":[4],"residents\u2019":[5],"health":[6,23,146,345,405,635],"but":[7],"there":[8,564,578],"is":[9],"a":[10,29,68,229,262,284,296,616],"paucity":[11],"of":[12,25,37,46,63,70,238,295,312,344,358,370,403,510,571,585,633],"high-quality":[13],"evidence":[14],"to":[15,28,39,176,233,247,270,287,332,354,449,467,478,491,523,534,544,555,619,623,627],"support":[16],"this.":[17],"Objective":[18],"This":[19,590],"research":[20],"investigated":[21],"the":[22,170,180,190,210,218,293,321,356,392,404,569,572,583,586,630],"impact":[24,584],"bringing":[26],"national":[30],"quality":[31,41,364,604],"standard.":[32],"Design":[33],"A":[34,61,326,396],"natural":[35],"experiment":[36],"improvements":[38,80,112],"analysed":[42,348],"using":[43,349],"repeated":[44,335],"measures":[45,129],"health-care":[47,139,153],"utilisation":[48,140,154],"and":[49,84,90,96,100,107,113,120,125,136,143,152,163,199,215,245,265,387,460,482,484,577],"economic":[50,406],"outcomes":[51,254,346,636],"at":[52,73,250],"an":[53,308,367],"individual":[54,260,575],"person":[55],"level.":[56],"Setting":[57],"Carmarthenshire,":[58],"UK.":[59],"Participants":[60],"total":[62],"32,009":[64],"residents":[65],"registered":[66,249],"for":[67,133,141,194,220,258,268,302,334,337,383,388,495,574,582,645],"minimum":[69],"60":[71,412],"days":[72],"8558":[74],"social":[75],"homes":[76,316,416,433,499],"that":[77,317,361,378,595],"received":[78],"between":[81],"January":[82],"2005":[83],"March":[85],"2015.":[86],"Interventions":[87],"Multiple":[88],"internal":[89,309],"external":[91],"improvements,":[93],"including":[94],"wall":[95,471],"loft":[97,527],"insulation,":[98],"windows":[99,459],"doors,":[101],"heating":[102,517],"system":[103,115],"upgrades,":[104],"new":[105],"kitchens":[106,124,538],"bathrooms,":[108],"garden":[109],"path":[110],"safety":[111],"electrical":[114,419],"upgrades":[116],"(adding":[117],"power":[118],"sockets,":[119],"extractor":[121],"fans":[122],"in":[123,236,261,292,315,340,376,391,415,417,432,434,498,500,512,637],"bathrooms).":[126],"Main":[127],"outcome":[128],"Emergency":[130,211],"hospital":[131,186,596],"admissions":[132,428,454,514,597],"cardiorespiratory":[134],"conditions":[135],"injuries.":[137],"Primary":[138],"respiratory":[142],"common":[144],"mental":[145],"disorders,":[147],"emergency":[148,206,513],"department":[149,207],"injury":[150],"attendances":[151,208],"costs.":[155],"Data":[156,213],"sources":[157],"Carmarthenshire":[158],"County":[159],"Council":[160],"home":[161],"address":[162],"intervention":[164,243,251,341,573,621],"records":[165],"were":[166,255,266,347,421,423,437,455,504,507,565,579],"anonymously":[167],"linked":[168,246],"within":[169],"Secure":[171],"Anonymous":[172],"Information":[173],"Linkage":[174],"databank":[175],"demographic":[177],"information":[178],"from":[179,189,202,209,217,242],"Welsh":[181],"Demographic":[182],"Service":[183],"data":[184,188,567],"set;":[185],"admission":[187],"Patient":[191],"Episode":[192],"Dataset":[193],"Wales;":[195],"primary":[196],"care":[197],"contacts":[198],"prescribed":[200],"medications":[201],"general":[203,394],"practice":[204],"data;":[205],"Department":[212],"Set;":[214],"deaths":[216],"Office":[219],"National":[221,643],"Statistics":[222],"mortality":[223],"register.":[224],"Methods":[225],"The":[226,299,642],"study":[227,593],"used":[228,331],"longitudinal":[230],"panel":[231],"design":[232],"examine":[234],"changes":[235],"standard":[237],"eight":[239],"cointervention":[241,304,322,360,503],"records,":[244],"individuals":[248,338],"homes.":[252,342],"Health":[253,646,649],"obtained":[256],"retrospectively":[257],"each":[259,303,359],"dynamic":[263],"cohort":[264],"captured":[267],"up":[269],"123":[271],"consecutive":[272],"months.":[273],"An":[274],"additional":[275],"local":[276],"authority":[277],"region":[278],"could":[279,598],"not":[280,319,438],"be":[281,599,624],"utilised":[282],"as":[283,401],"comparator":[285],"owing":[286],"different":[288,297],"reporting":[289],"pressures":[290],"resulting":[291],"recording":[294],"intervention.":[298],"exposure":[300],"group":[301,311],"was":[305,330,399,561],"compared":[306,372],"with":[307,373,425,458,515,629],"reference":[310],"people":[313],"living":[314,339,375,414,431,497],"did":[318,379],"receive":[320],"during":[323,366],"their":[324,609],"tenancy.":[325],"multilevel":[327],"modelling":[328],"approach":[329],"account":[333],"observations":[336],"Counts":[343],"negative":[350],"binomial":[351],"regression":[352],"models":[353],"determine":[355],"effect":[357],"reached":[362],"standards":[365],"individual\u2019s":[368],"period":[369],"tenancy,":[371],"those":[374,430,496],"properties":[377],"not.":[380],"We":[381],"adjusted":[382],"potential":[384],"confounding":[385],"factors":[386],"background":[389],"trends":[390],"regional":[393],"population.":[395],"cost\u2013consequences":[397],"analysis":[398,632],"conducted":[400],"part":[402],"evaluation.":[407],"Results":[408],"Residents":[409],"aged":[410],"\u2265":[411],"years":[413],"which":[418,435,501],"systems":[420],"upgraded":[422],"associated":[424,457],"39%":[426],"fewer":[427],"than":[429],"they":[436],"[incidence":[439],"rate":[440],"ratio":[441],"(IRR)":[442],"0.61,":[443],"95%":[444,464,475,488,520,531,541,552],"confidence":[445],"interval":[446],"(CI)":[447],"0.53":[448],"0.72;p":[450],"<":[451,469,480,493],"0.01].":[452],"Reduced":[453],"also":[456],"doors":[461],"(IRR":[462,473,486,518,529,539,550],"0.71,":[463],"CI":[465,476,489,521,532,542,553],"0.63":[466],"0.81;p":[468],"0.01),":[470],"insulation":[472,528],"0.75,":[474],"0.67":[477],"0.84;p":[479],"0.01)":[481,494],"gardens":[483],"estates":[485],"0.73,":[487],"0.64":[490],"0.83;p":[492],"these":[502],"upgraded.":[505],"There":[506,560],"no":[508,562,580],"associations":[509],"change":[511],"upgrading":[516],"0.91,":[519],"0.82":[522],"1.01;p":[524],"=":[525,536,546,557],"0.072),":[526],"0.98,":[530,540],"0.86":[533],"1.11;p":[535],"0.695),":[537],"0.83":[543],"1.17;p":[545],"0.843)":[547],"or":[548],"bathrooms":[549],"0.93,":[551],"0.81":[554],"1.06;p":[556],"0.287).":[558],"Limitations":[559],"randomisation,":[563],"incomplete":[566],"on":[568],"scale":[570],"households":[576],"estimates":[581],"whole":[587],"programme.":[588,651],"Conclusions":[589],"complex":[591],"interdisciplinary":[592],"found":[594],"avoided":[600],"through":[601],"improving":[602],"standards.":[605],"Future":[606],"work":[607],"At":[608],"initiation,":[610],"future":[611],"non-health":[612],"projects":[613],"should":[614],"have":[615],"built-in":[617],"evaluation":[618],"allow":[620],"exposures":[622],"randomly":[625],"allocated":[626],"residents,":[628],"simultaneous":[631],"multiple":[634],"one":[638],"statistical":[639],"model.":[640],"Funding":[641],"Institute":[644],"Research":[647,650],"Public":[648]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2018-07-10T00:00:00"}