{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2809718930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2017.79.533","title":"Optical sensors for variable rate nitrogen application in dairy pastures","display_name":"Optical sensors for variable rate nitrogen application in dairy pastures","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2809718930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2017.79.533","mag":"2809718930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.33584/jnzg.2017.79.533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2017.79.533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2017.79.533","pdf_url":"https://www.nzgajournal.org.nz/index.php/JoNZG/article/download/533/161","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203032","display_name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","issn_l":"2463-2872","issn":["2463-2872","2463-2880"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318646","host_organization_name":"New Zealand Grassland Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318646"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["New Zealand Grassland Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.nzgajournal.org.nz/index.php/JoNZG/article/download/533/161","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021859950","display_name":"Kathryn Wigley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0146-5048","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0146-5048"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114520","display_name":"Lincoln Agritech (New Zealand)","ror":"https://ror.org/01qb09m39","country_code":"NZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184746854","https://openalex.org/I4210114520"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Wigley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lincoln Agritech Ltd., PO Box 69133, Lincoln, Canterbury 7640, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lincoln Agritech Ltd., PO Box 69133, Lincoln, Canterbury 7640, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114520"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069377498","display_name":"Jennifer Owens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2541","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2541"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184746854","display_name":"Lincoln University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ps1r162","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184746854"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.L. Owens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agriculture and Life Sciences Faculty, PO Box 84, Lincoln University 7647, Lincoln, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agriculture and Life Sciences Faculty, PO Box 84, Lincoln University 7647, Lincoln, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184746854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111809007","display_name":"Jason A. K. Trethewey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.A.K. Trethewey","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112879578","display_name":"Dinanjana Ekanayake","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114520","display_name":"Lincoln Agritech (New Zealand)","ror":"https://ror.org/01qb09m39","country_code":"NZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184746854","https://openalex.org/I4210114520"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.C. Ekanayake","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lincoln Agritech Ltd., PO Box 69133, Lincoln, Canterbury 7640, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lincoln Agritech Ltd., PO Box 69133, Lincoln, Canterbury 7640, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114520"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006881268","display_name":"Rory L. Roten","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114520","display_name":"Lincoln Agritech (New Zealand)","ror":"https://ror.org/01qb09m39","country_code":"NZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184746854","https://openalex.org/I4210114520"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.L. Roten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lincoln Agritech Ltd., PO Box 69133, Lincoln, Canterbury 7640, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lincoln Agritech Ltd., PO Box 69133, Lincoln, Canterbury 7640, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114520"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020598557","display_name":"Armin Werner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0039-8202","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0039-8202"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114520","display_name":"Lincoln Agritech (New Zealand)","ror":"https://ror.org/01qb09m39","country_code":"NZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184746854","https://openalex.org/I4210114520"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Werner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lincoln Agritech Ltd., PO Box 69133, Lincoln, Canterbury 7640, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lincoln Agritech Ltd., PO Box 69133, Lincoln, Canterbury 7640, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114520"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7693,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73332184,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"79","issue":null,"first_page":"223","last_page":"227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-sensors","display_name":"optical sensors","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-fertiliser","display_name":"nitrogen fertiliser","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dairy-pasture","display_name":"dairy pasture","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aboveground-biomass","display_name":"aboveground biomass","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-index","display_name":"vegetation indices","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"NDVI","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple-ratio","display_name":"simple ratio","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-index","display_name":"water indices","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenseeker","display_name":"GreenSeeker","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defoliation","display_name":"defoliation","score":0.6850000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.8387583494186401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778053677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30121","display_name":"Pasture","level":2,"score":0.8097912073135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.6999452710151672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6785256862640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.6457901000976562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.6261801719665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.49195167422294617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4376692771911621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.41163137555122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.32733142375946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.18362849950790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15421855449676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.07199209928512573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.33584/jnzg.2017.79.533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2017.79.533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2017.79.533","pdf_url":"https://www.nzgajournal.org.nz/index.php/JoNZG/article/download/533/161","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203032","display_name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","issn_l":"2463-2872","issn":["2463-2872","2463-2880"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318646","host_organization_name":"New Zealand Grassland Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318646"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["New Zealand Grassland Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researcharchive.lincoln.ac.nz:10182/9431","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10182/9431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400204","display_name":"Lincoln University Research Archive (Lincoln University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184746854","host_organization_name":"Lincoln University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184746854"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.33584/jnzg.2017.79.533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2017.79.533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2017.79.533","pdf_url":"https://www.nzgajournal.org.nz/index.php/JoNZG/article/download/533/161","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203032","display_name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","issn_l":"2463-2872","issn":["2463-2872","2463-2880"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318646","host_organization_name":"New Zealand Grassland Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318646"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["New Zealand Grassland Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.9208999872207642}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321628","display_name":"DairyNZ","ror":"https://ror.org/03t4znc65"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2809718930.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2809718930.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W297734704","https://openalex.org/W1610589020","https://openalex.org/W1627938122","https://openalex.org/W1974421309","https://openalex.org/W1979573876","https://openalex.org/W2007033189","https://openalex.org/W2025170215","https://openalex.org/W2031956451","https://openalex.org/W2038496035","https://openalex.org/W2052772815","https://openalex.org/W2071915122","https://openalex.org/W2168988188","https://openalex.org/W2171557514","https://openalex.org/W2186558327","https://openalex.org/W2249248017","https://openalex.org/W2377974452","https://openalex.org/W2569712453","https://openalex.org/W2579678283","https://openalex.org/W2735634178","https://openalex.org/W2753512625","https://openalex.org/W2770651481","https://openalex.org/W3005115464","https://openalex.org/W3015205468","https://openalex.org/W3040515988","https://openalex.org/W3081630454","https://openalex.org/W6621196560","https://openalex.org/W6656662935"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2980927684","https://openalex.org/W2753512625","https://openalex.org/W2117331178","https://openalex.org/W6969207590","https://openalex.org/W3033186797","https://openalex.org/W7096394379","https://openalex.org/W4385788335","https://openalex.org/W2503414740","https://openalex.org/W3166066026","https://openalex.org/W4414279959"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reducing":[0],"the":[1,105,127],"amount":[2],"of":[3,25,119],"nitrogen":[4],"(N)":[5],"fertiliser":[6,90,135],"applied":[7],"to":[8,12,30,109,129],"dairy":[9],"pastures":[10,38,84],"down":[11],"agronomically":[13],"optimised":[14],"levels":[15],"would":[16],"have":[17,126],"positive":[18],"economic":[19],"and":[20,34,49,63,72,97,114],"environmental":[21],"results.":[22],"The":[23,122],"ability":[24],"commercially":[26],"available":[27],"optical":[28,58,124,141],"sensors":[29,60,106,125,142],"estimate":[31],"biomass":[32,71,113],"yield":[33],"foliar-N":[35],"uptake":[36],"in":[37,74,112],"was":[39,102],"investigated.":[40],"Vegetative":[41],"indices":[42],"(Simple":[43],"Ratio,":[44],"SR;":[45],"Water":[46],"Index,":[47,53],"WI;":[48],"Normalised":[50],"Difference":[51],"Vegetation":[52],"NDVI)":[54],"from":[55,83],"two":[56],"active":[57],"reflectance":[59],"(N-Sensor,":[61],"Yara;":[62],"Greenseeker,":[64],"Trimble)":[65],"were":[66,78,107],"compared":[67],"with":[68],"manually":[69],"measured":[70],"N-uptake":[73,116],"above-ground":[75],"foliage.":[76],"There":[77],"three":[79],"measurements":[80],"over":[81],"time,":[82],"that":[85,104],"had":[86],"received":[87],"different":[88],"N":[89],"applications":[91],"rates":[92],"(0,":[93],"10,":[94],"20,":[95],"40":[96],"80":[98],"kg":[99],"N/ha).":[100],"It":[101],"found":[103],"able":[108],"detect":[110],"differences":[111],"foliar":[115],"following":[117],"defoliation":[118],"grazed":[120],"pastures.":[121],"tested":[123],"potential":[128],"inform":[130],"a":[131],"real-time":[132],"variable":[133],"rate":[134],"application":[136],"system.":[137],"Keywords:":[138],"pasture,":[139],"nitrogen,":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2018-07-10T00:00:00"}
